Developing and evaluating a lay health worker delivered implementation intervention to decrease engagement disparities in behavioural parent training: a mixed methods study protocol.

IntroductionBehavioural parent training (BPT) programmes are effective in preventing and treating early-onset conduct problems and child maltreatment. Unfortunately, pervasive mental health service disparities continue to limit access to and engagement in these interventions. Furthermore, challenges with parental engagement can impede the successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in community settings that serve low-income, ethnic minority families. Lay health workers (LHWs)-individuals without formal mental health training-represent an important workforce to increase engagement, as they are members of the communities they serve. However, the mobilisation of LHWs has not been well studied as an implementation strategy to extend the reach or effectiveness of EBPs in the USA. LHW-delivered implementation interventions that specifically support the engagement of Latinx parents in evidence-based BPT programmes have the potential to improve clinical and implementation outcomes.Methods and analysisA community-partnered approach will use the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) to tailor and implement an LHW-delivered implementation intervention that aims to promote Latinx parent engagement in BPT programmes. Steps from the QIF will guide study activities to (1) conduct a mixed methods needs assessment to fit the implementation intervention to the local context, (2) adapt LHW-delivered implementation strategies to promote parent access to and engagement in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and (3) conduct a hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot trial to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the LHW implementation intervention at increasing engagement.Ethics and disseminationStudy procedures have been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Results will be shared with the community-advisory group, at community-based meetings for other stakeholders involved in the pilot project, and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals

The utility of home-practice in mindfulness-based group interventions: a systematic review

A growing body of research supports the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). MBIs consider home-practice as essential to increasing the therapeutic effects of the treatment. To date however, the synthesis of the research conducted on the role of home-practice in controlled MBI studies has been a neglected area. This review aimed to conduct a narrative synthesis of published controlled studies, evaluating mindfulness-based group interventions, which have specifically measured home-practice. Empirical research literature published until June 2016 was searched using five databases. The search strategy focused on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), and home-practice. Included studies met the following criteria: controlled trials, participants 18 years and above, evaluations of MBSR or MBCT, utilised standardised quantitative outcome measures and monitored home-practice using a self-reported measure. Fourteen studies met the criteria and were included in the review. Across all studies, there was heterogeneity in the guidance and resources provided to participants and the approaches used for monitoring home-practice. In addition, the guidance on the length of home-practice was variable across studies, which indicates that research studies and teachers are not adhering to the published protocols. Finally, only seven studies examined the relationship between home-practice and clinical outcomes, of which four found that home-practice predicted improvements on clinical outcome measures. Future research should adopt a standardised approach for monitoring home-practice across MBIs. Additionally, studies should assess whether the amount of home-practice recommended to participants is in line with MBSR/MBCT manualised protocols. Finally, research should utilise experimental methodologies to explicitly explore the relationship between home-practice and clinical outcomes

Mental Health Needs of Children in Foster Care: A Case of Benign Neglect? Summary of a Forum on the Findings from a Cohort Study of Children in the Child Welfare System.

Sponsored by the University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare; School of Social Work; Institute of Child Development; Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, Professional Development and Conference Services, University College/Con

Lærers diskursive grep for å tilrettelegge for at elevene selv oppdager kunnskap

I Fagfornyelsen står det at «Kjemi skal bidra til at elevene utvikler kreativitet og utfolder utforskertrang gjennom eksperimentelt og utforskende arbeid. Videre skal faget bidra til at elevene anerkjenner verdien av samarbeid og idéutveksling for å utvikle kompetanse og forståelse» (Utdanningsdirektoratet, 2021). Derfor vil denne oppgaven undersøke kvalitetsaspekter ved lærerens veiledning i en utforskende eksperimentell undervisningsøkt. Jeg har utviklet et kategorisystem med utgangspunkt i Tytler og Aranda (2015) sitt rammeverk for diskursive grep. Kategorisystemet ble brukt til å analysere innholdet i transkripsjoner fra video – og datamaterialet jeg skaffet fra en kjemi 1 klasse. Funnene fra analysen representerer lærerens samtalegrep i møte med elevene, og elevens respons på disse grepene. I oppgaven er det utviklet 2 samtalemønster som representerer dialogen mellom lærer og elev, en for plenumsdialoger og en annen for gruppedialoger. Den største forskjellen er at lærer i gruppesituasjoner utfordrer elevens ytringer og kommer med hint, noe man ser i mindre grad i plenumssituasjoner. Analysen viste at elevene er aktive, og at de bidrar med forkunnskaper, observasjoner og forklaringer i samtalene med læreren. Dette ser jeg i sammenheng med at læreren stiller autentiske spørsmål, samt at læreren er ikke-vurderende. I tillegg hjelper det at undervisningsøkten baserer seg på et konkret fenomen, og at elevene har brukt tenk-par-del metoden.Masteroppgave i kjemiKJEM399KMAMN-KJE

The organizational social context of mental health services and clinician attitudes toward evidence-based practice: a United States national study.

UnlabelledABSTBACKGROUND: Evidence-based practices have not been routinely adopted in community mental health organizations despite the support of scientific evidence and in some cases even legislative or regulatory action. We examined the association of clinician attitudes toward evidence-based practice with organizational culture, climate, and other characteristics in a nationally representative sample of mental health organizations in the United States.MethodsIn-person, group-administered surveys were conducted with a sample of 1,112 mental health service providers in a nationwide sample of 100 mental health service institutions in 26 states in the United States. The study examines these associations with a two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analysis of responses to the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) at the individual clinician level as a function of the Organizational Social Context (OSC) measure at the organizational level, controlling for other organization and clinician characteristics.ResultsWe found that more proficient organizational cultures and more engaged and less stressful organizational climates were associated with positive clinician attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that organizational intervention strategies for improving the organizational social context of mental health services may contribute to the success of evidence-based practice dissemination and implementation efforts by influencing clinician attitudes

“Calling it a Crisis”: Modes of Creative Labour and Magic in an Elite Architect Company

In recent years we have seen a resurfacing of magic as an analytical category in anthropological literature, with particular emphasis on modern forms of occultism and witchcraft. Magic has yet to prove itself a useful analytical tool within the anthropology of organizations, and this article aims at understanding everyday work processes through the concepts of myth and magic. The discussion is based on empirical data from an internationally acclaimed architect company based in Norway, with a particular focus on a period of downsizing in the aftermath of the global financial crisis in 2008. The architects try to uphold an egalitarian, social-democratic ideology of creativity within a capitalist system and make use of a range of magical practices in order to succeed. The article shows how narrative flexibility transforms the brutality of downsizing into a mode of creative labour, and concludes that the internal dynamic between risk taking and risk reducing is inherent in both magical practices and capitalist systems

En kvalitativ studie om pårørendes erfaringer knyttet til etterlattesamtale med sykepleier fra en kommunal institusjon

Masteroppgave i helsefag ME 518 Universitetet i Agder 2014Background: There is a deficiency of bereavement support in Norwegian municipalities. The deficiency is shown in the existing literature of the relatives point of view, both national and internationally. The bereavement support is important forthe bereaved and the palliative care. The follow-up could have a positive effect onthe bereaved. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about the family membersexperience with follow- up, conducted by a community nurse from a municipalinstitution.Method: The study used a qualitative, descriptive method. Qualitative interviews wereconducted with 7 relatives to earlier cancer patients from two different institutions inNorway. The study used a qualitative content analysis by Graneheim og Lundman(2004).Findings: The findings were interpreted in one main theme: a follow- up inbereavement support with a nurse from a community institution may contribute to aworthy ending with the healthcare professionals.The main categories and subcategories were: 1) the conversations meaning tobereavement care; clarifying and useful, helpful factors for coping with bereavement.2) Good safeguarding: experienced good relation with the nurse, experienced to beprepared, experienced care and empathy, the meaning of continuity. 3) A worthyending: a good experience, the meaning of context and a wish for regular routines.Conclusion: The findings revealed that there is a need for bereavement supportamong relatives to cancer patients in institutions. The follow – up support had apositive impact on the relatives grief and loss experience in this study.Keywords: follow-up, relatives, institution, bereavement care, nurse, qualitative study,qualitative content analysi

Development of Accessory Cells in B-Cell Compartments Is Retarted in B-Cell-Depleted Fetal Sheep

Accessory-cell populations in the lymphoid tissues of fetal sheep were investigated following depletion of B cells. An intraperitoneal injection of an anti-IgM antibody early in gestation resulted in a marked depletion of IgM+ cells in lymphoid tissues. Immune and enzyme histochemical techniques were used to identify accessory-cell populations in the ileal Peyer's patch, spleen, and lymph nodes of B-cell-depleted fetal sheep. The rudimentary follicles in the ileal Peyer's patch showed strong enzyme reactivity for 5′ nucleotidase, indicating the presence of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Enzyme reactivities for FDCs in primary follicles of the spleen and lymph nodes were absent, as were reactivities for metallophilic macrophages in the marginal zone of the spleen. MgATPase reactivity associated with dendritic-cell populations in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was detected. A monoclonal antibody against complement receptor-2 (CD21) reacted with FDCs in the rudimentary follicles of the ileal Peyer's patch and immature FDCs in lymph nodes. The results suggest that the development of accessory-cell populations in B-cell compartments of peripheral but not central lymphoid tissues is dependent on the presence of B cells

En kvalitativ studie om pårørendes erfaringer knyttet til etterlattesamtale med sykepleier fra en kommunal institusjon

Background: There is a deficiency of bereavement support in Norwegian municipalities. The deficiency is shown in the existing literature of the relatives point of view, both national and internationally. The bereavement support is important forthe bereaved and the palliative care. The follow-up could have a positive effect onthe bereaved. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about the family membersexperience with follow- up, conducted by a community nurse from a municipalinstitution.Method: The study used a qualitative, descriptive method. Qualitative interviews wereconducted with 7 relatives to earlier cancer patients from two different institutions inNorway. The study used a qualitative content analysis by Graneheim og Lundman(2004).Findings: The findings were interpreted in one main theme: a follow- up inbereavement support with a nurse from a community institution may contribute to aworthy ending with the healthcare professionals.The main categories and subcategories were: 1) the conversations meaning tobereavement care; clarifying and useful, helpful factors for coping with bereavement.2) Good safeguarding: experienced good relation with the nurse, experienced to beprepared, experienced care and empathy, the meaning of continuity. 3) A worthyending: a good experience, the meaning of context and a wish for regular routines.Conclusion: The findings revealed that there is a need for bereavement supportamong relatives to cancer patients in institutions. The follow – up support had apositive impact on the relatives grief and loss experience in this study.Keywords: follow-up, relatives, institution, bereavement care, nurse, qualitative study,qualitative content analysi