Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) cell quota of key Southern North Sea spring diatoms and Phaeocystis globosa

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the ocean results of complex transformations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) produced by phytoplankton under different controls, including microbial transformation pathways. The phytoplankton composition is an important factor of variability due to the species dependence of the DMSP production and conversion to DMS. To better appraise the link between phytoplankton diversity and the DMS(P) cycling in the Southern North Sea we present measurements of the DMSP cell quota of key spring phytoplankton species (Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira rotula, Rhizosolenia delicatula, Asterionella glacialis, Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros debilis, Chaetoceros socialis and Phaeocystis globosa) isolated from the North Sea and maintained in non-limiting and axenic laboratory culture conditions. Results are discussed with regards to literature data and hypothesis currently used in DMS(P) biogeochemical models

DMSP cell quota and the conversion into DMS by key Southern North Sea spring diatoms (Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros socialis) and Phaeocystis globosa

DMSP cell quota and the conversion into DMS by key Southern North Sea spring diatoms (Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros socialis) and Phaeocystis globos

West nile virus transmission in sentinel chickens and potential mosquito vectors, Senegal River Delta, 2008-2009

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne Flavivirus usually transmitted to wild birds by Culex mosquitoes. Humans and horses are susceptible to WNV but are dead-end hosts. WNV is endemic in Senegal, particularly in the Senegal River Delta. To assess transmission patterns and potential vectors, entomological and sentinel serological was done in Ross Bethio along the River Senegal. Three sentinel henhouses (also used as chicken-baited traps) were set at 100 m, 800 m, and 1,300 m from the river, the latter close to a horse-baited trap. Blood samples were taken from sentinel chickens at 2-week intervals. Seroconversions were observed in sentinel chickens in November and December. Overall, the serological incidence rate was 4.6% with 95% confidence interval (0.9; 8.4) in the sentinel chickens monitored for this study. Based on abundance pattern, Culex neavei was the most likely mosquito vector involved in WNV transmission to sentinel chickens, and a potential bridge vector between birds and mammals. (Résumé d'auteur

The checkpoint Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9 protein contains a tandem tudor domain that recognizes DNA.

International audienceDNA damage checkpoints are signal transduction pathways that are activated after genotoxic insults to protect genomic integrity. At the site of DNA damage, 'mediator' proteins are in charge of recruiting 'signal transducers' to molecules 'sensing' the damage. Budding yeast Rad9, fission yeast Crb2 and metazoan 53BP1 are presented as mediators involved in the activation of checkpoint kinases. Here we show that, despite low sequence conservation, Rad9 exhibits a tandem tudor domain structurally close to those found in human/mouse 53BP1 and fission yeast Crb2. Moreover, this region is important for the resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to different genotoxic stresses. It does not mediate direct binding to a histone H3 peptide dimethylated on K79, nor to a histone H4 peptide dimethylated on lysine 20, as was demonstrated for 53BP1. However, the tandem tudor region of Rad9 directly interacts with single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNAs of various lengths and sequences through a positively charged region absent from 53BP1 and Crb2 but present in several yeast Rad9 homologs. Our results argue that the tandem tudor domains of Rad9, Crb2 and 53BP1 mediate chromatin binding next to double-strand breaks. However, their modes of chromatin recognition are different, suggesting that the corresponding interactions are differently regulated

CARIAA Working Paper no. 23

Ce document expose certaines leçons de l’Initiative de recherche concertée sur l’adaptation en Afrique et en Asie (IRCAAA), un important programme de recherche transdisciplinaire et interrégional de sept ans ayant appuyé quatre consortiums en Afrique et en Asie. L’IRCAAA s’employait à faire de la recherche sur l’adaptation aux changements climatiques qui soutenait l’apprentissage, produisait des connaissances et des solutions, et guidait les politiques et les pratiques. Au terme de plus de cinq ans d’expérimentation dévouée avec la méthode R4I, et avec de nombreux exemples de contributions réussies aux politiques locales et nationales, ainsi que des échecs, l’IRCAAA offre de riches leçons sur la façon de mettre en œuvre l’approche R4I dans des programmes de recherche d’aussi grande envergure.This paper shares lessons from the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), a seven-year transdisciplinary and cross-regional research programme that supported four consortia spanning Africa and Asia. CARIAA was committed to research on climate change adaptation that supported learning, the co-production of knowledge and solutions, and that informed policy and practice. With more than five years of dedicated experimentation with R4I, and with scores of successful examples of contribution to local and national policy, as well as failures, CARIAA offers rich lessons on how to pursue R4I in similarly large research programmes.UK Ai

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Model reconstruction and future evolution of Phaeocystis colony blooms in the Belgian coastal waters (Southern Bight of the North Sea) as a function of human activity on the watershed

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Tracing and integrated modelling of natural and anthropogenic effects on hydrosystems: The Scheldt River Basin and adjacent coastal North as a case study.

SCOPUS: ed.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Using the MIRO model to describe the present-day interannual variability of the diatom-Phaeocystis blooms in the nutrient enriched Belgian coastal waters.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Model reconstruction and future evolution of Phaeocystis colony blooms in the Belgian coastal waters (Southern Bight of the North Sea) as a function of human activity on the watershed

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe