Indice c.e.o.d. e higiene oral en ninos de 4 anos de edad, con o control odontologico de los 2 anos de edad pertenecientes Consultorio Dr. Julio Contardo de Talca, 2006.

70 p.Introducción: Los niños de 4 años de edad han sido catalogados por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL) como un grupo prioritario dentro del plan nacional bucodental. Por ello es necesario realizar esta investigación evaluadora del Control odontológico del niño sano (CONS), ya que el CONS no demuestra ser eficaz si observamos lo que reflejan nuestros índices de caries a nivel nacional. (MINSAL 1999) Objetivo: “Determinar el c.e.o.d. e índice de higiene oral en niños de cuatro años de edad con y sin control odontológico del niño sano a los 2 años de edad.” Método: Se examinaron a 114 niños, 58 niños con CONS y 56 sin CONS. Para determinar el índice de c.e.o.d. y el índice de higiene se utilizaron los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: El promedio del Índice c.e.o.d. de los niños con CONS es 2.93 (± 3,41) y sin CONS es 3.77 (± 3,93). La prevalencia de caries de los niños con CONS es 56.9 % y sin CONS es 62.5 % y el promedio del Índice de higiene oral para los niños con CONS es de 1,36 (± 0,53) y sin CONS es 1,35 (± 0,50). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos, respecto al Índice c.e.o.d. (p=0.22) , higiene oral (p=0.90) y a prevalencia de caries (p=0.42). Se relaciona el índice de higiene oral con el índice c.e.o.d. en el grupo con CONS (p=0.02), en una relación del 10%; no se relacionan los sin CONS (p= 0.12,). Existe relación entre caries e índice de higiene oral (p=0.016, p=0.007), esta situación se da para ambos grupos, con una relación de 10 % y 13 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se debe aumentar la cobertura del CONS en otras edades, ya que a los dos años y a los 4 años no es suficiente para educar y crear conciencia de la salud oral

Seguridad alimentaria en tiempos de Covid-19, en los hogares de los estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética - Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, 2021

El objetivo general consistió en determinar la seguridad alimentaria en tiempos de Covid-19, en los hogares de los estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética - Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, 2021. La metodología de la investigación es de diseño no experimental y es de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo y microsociológico. Se trabajó con una muestra de 60 hogares de los estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y el instrumento el cuestionario. Entre los resultados se evidenció que: i) Para la dimensión Disponibilidad de alimentos, predomina la categoría “Moderado” con un 78.3%; ii) Para la dimensión Acceso a los alimentos, predomina la categoría “Eficiente” con un 55%%, iii) Para la dimensión Utilización de los alimentos, predomina la categoría “Eficiente” con un 50%%., iv) Para la dimensión Estabilidad de los alimentos, predomina la categoría “Moderado” con un 75%; v) Para la dimensión Institucionalidad y política de seguridad alimentaria, predomina la categoría “Eficiente” con un 86.7%. Se concluye: Existe una seguridad alimentaria de categoría “Moderada”, en los tiempos de Covid-19, dentro los hogares de los estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética - Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, 2021, con un predominio del 90%

Hydroxyapatite biobased materials for treatment and diagnosis of cancer

Great advances in cancer treatment have been undertaken in the last years as a consequence of the development of new antitumoral drugs able to target cancer cells with decreasing side effects and a better understanding of the behavior of neoplastic cells during invasion and metastasis. Specifically, drug delivery systems (DDS) based on the use of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NPs) are gaining attention and merit a comprehensive review focused on their potential applications. These are derived from the intrinsic properties of HAp (e.g., biocompatibility and biodegradability), together with the easy functionalization and easy control of porosity, crystallinity and morphology of HAp NPs. The capacity to tailor the properties of DLS based on HAp NPs has well-recognized advantages for the control of both drug loading and release. Furthermore, the functionalization of NPs allows a targeted uptake in tumoral cells while their rapid elimination by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) can be avoided. Advances in HAp NPs involve not only their use as drug nanocarriers but also their employment as nanosystems for magnetic hyperthermia therapy, gene delivery systems, adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy and nanoparticles for cell imaging.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Lanthanides-substituted hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications

Lately, there has been an increasing demand for materials that could improve tissue regenerative therapies and provide antimicrobial effects. Similarly, there is a growing need to develop or modify biomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of different pathologies. In this scenario, hydroxyapatite (HAp) appears as a bioceramic with extended functionalities. Nevertheless, there are certain disadvantages related to the mechanical properties and lack of antimicrobial capacity. To circumvent them, the doping of HAp with a variety of cationic ions is emerging as a good alterative due to the different biological roles of each ion. Among many elements, lanthanides are understudied despite their great potential in the biomedical field. For this reason, the present review focuses on the biological benefits of lanthanides and how their incorporation into HAp can alter its morphology and physical properties. A comprehensive section of the applications of lanthanides-substituted HAp nanoparticles (HAp NPs) is presented to unveil the potential biomedical uses of these systems. Finally, the need to study the tolerable and non-toxic percentages of substitution with these elements is highlighted.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation of starch in Tetraselmis chui during nitrogen deprivation and recovery

Tetraselmis chui is known to accumulate starch when subjected to stress. This phenomenon is widely studied for the purpose of industrial production and process development. Yet, knowledge about the metabolic pathways involved is still immature. Hence, in this study, transcription of 27 starch-related genes was monitored under nitrogen deprivation and resupply in 25 L tubular photobioreactors. T. chui proved to be an efficient starch producer under nitrogen deprivation, accumulating starch up to 56% of relative biomass content. The prolonged absence of nitrogen led to an overall down-regulation of the tested genes, in most instances maintained even after nitrogen replenishment when starch was actively degraded. These gene expression patterns suggest post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play a key role in T. chui under nutrient stress. Finally, the high productivity combined with an efficient recovery after nitrogen restitution makes this species a suitable candidate for industrial production of high-starch biomass.Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation of starch in Tetraselmis chui during nitrogen deprivation and recoverypublishedVersio

nutraceuticals an integrative approach to starve parkinson s disease

Abstract The therapeutic approach of multifactorial complex diseases is always a challenge; Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder triggered by genetic and environmental factors, contributing to its etiology. Indeed, several pathogenic mechanisms lead to selective dopaminergic neuronal injury, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, alteration of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi protein trafficking, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. Current treatment approaches include mainly dopamine replacement therapy or optimizing dopaminergic transmission; however, these strategies that do not counteract the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD symptoms and often are less effective over time. Recently, there have been growing interest in the therapeutic use of nutraceuticals, that could represent an integrative approach to the pharmacological standard therapy and specifically affect one or more pathogenic pathways. The intake of nutraceuticals or nutritional modifications are generally safe and can be combined with current common drug therapy in most cases to improve the patient's quality of life and/or mitigate PD symptoms. The current review focuses on several key nutritional compounds and dietary modifications that are effective on several pathogenic pathways involved in PD onset and progression, and further highlights the rationale behind their potential use for the prevention and treatment of PD

Multifunctional scaffolds based on emulsion and coaxial electrospinning incorporation of hydroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration

Tissue engineering is nowadays a powerful tool to restore damaged tissues and recover their normal functionality. Advantages over other current methods are well established, although a continuous evolution is still necessary to improve the final performance and the range of applications. Trends are nowadays focused on the development of multifunctional scaffolds with hierarchical structures and the capability to render a sustained delivery of bioactive molecules under an appropriate stimulus. Nanocomposites incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NPs) have a predominant role in bone tissue regeneration due to their high capacity to enhance osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteointegration, as well as their encapsulation efficiency and protection capability of bioactive agents. Selection of appropriated polymeric matrices is fundamental and consequently great efforts have been invested to increase the range of properties of available materials through copolymerization, blending, or combining structures constituted by different materials. Scaffolds can be obtained from different processes that differ in characteristics, such as texture or porosity. Probably, electrospinning has the greater relevance, since the obtained nanofiber membranes have a great similarity with the extracellular matrix and, in addition, they can easily incorporate functional and bioactive compounds. Coaxial and emulsion electrospinning processes appear ideal to generate complex systems able to incorporate highly different agents. The present review is mainly focused on the recent works performed with Hap-loaded scaffolds having at least one structural layer composed of core/shell nanofibers.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Andalusian program for early detection of diabetic retinopathy: implementation and 15-year follow-up of a population-based screening program in Andalusia, Southern Spain

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide. We aim at analyzing the impact of a population-based screening program of DR using retinal photography with remote reading in terms of population coverage, diagnosis of asymptomatic DR and impact on visual disability, in the region of Andalusia, Spain, in the period 2005-2019. Research design and methods Descriptive study. Sociodemographic and clinical features included in the Andalusian program for early detection of diabetic retinopathy (APDR) were analyzed. Population coverage, annual incidence of DR, and DR severity gradation were analyzed. Estimated data on prevalence and incidence of legal blindness due to DR were included. Results 407 762 patients with at least one successful DR examination during the study period were included. Most of the performed retinographies (784 584, 84.3%) were 'non-pathological.' Asymptomatic DR was detected in 52 748 (5.9%) retinographies, most of them (94.2%) being classified as 'mild to moderate non-proliferative DR.' DR was detected in 44 815 patients, while sight-threatening DR (STDR) in 6256 patients; cumulative incidence of DR was 11.0% and STDR was 1.5%, as DR and STDR was detected in 44 815 and 6256 patients, respectively. Annual incidence risk per patient recruitment year progressively decreased from 22.0% by January 2005 to 3.2% by June 2019. Conclusions Implementation of a long-term population-based screening program for early detection of DR is technically feasible and clinically viable. Thus, after 15 years of existence, the program has enabled the screening of the vast majority of the target population allowing the optimization of healthcare resources and the identification of asymptomatic DR