Lichens as bioindicators of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Valencia, Spain

The lichens due to their symbiotic nature have unique characteristics that confer them a key role as bioindicators of the environmental contamination. Many investigations have been done using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators, but only a few of these studies have used epilithiccrustose lichens. Three different epilithic-crustose lichens species: Candelariella sp., Lecanora sp. and Caloplaca sp. were studied as bioindicators of V, Cr,Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr,Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Bi and U trace elements. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry routine procedure is used to determining these element concentrations. Two sites were selected for lichens sampling according to environmental contamination. The lichens were collected on the facade of the Santos Juanes church in an urban area of Valencia; and on the rural area of Albarracin. The main aim of this work is showing the efficacy of the epilithic-crustose lichens as bioindicators of the air pollution. This study shows that the city of Valencia, compared with the rural area has high levels of Cu and Pb as detected using lichens as bioindicators. Therefore on the basis of these results, it can be hypothesized that Candelariella sp., Lecanora sp. and Caloplaca sp. are good accumulators of air borne heavy metals.This work has financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion with a Ph.D. scholarship for Pilar Bosch Roig (BES-2006-12110) and with a three months stay scholarship to do this research in the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, Italy with Doctor Carlo Lalli. The authors wish to thank to the priest of the Santos Juanes Church of Valencia; the Direccion General de Patrimonio; to Prof. Pilar Roig Picazo and Prof. Ignacio Bosch Reig; the Instituto Universitario de Restauracion del Patrimonio from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia; to the Ministero per I Beni Culturali; Italy.Bosch Roig, MDP.; Barca, D.; Crisci, G.; Lalli Galliano, C. (2013). 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On the application of Optical Coherence Tomography as a complimentary tool in an analysis of the 13th century Byzantine Bessarion Reliquary

Accepted version (after embargo period)This work presents the results of an application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine a 13th century Byzantine reliquary of unparalleled artistic and historical value. The aim of this work, performed at the initial stage, before the restoration, was focused on the resolution of cleaning procedures regarding both the thick, old varnish and the gold leaf details finely applied on the painted parts of the artwork by means of an integrated approach of non-invasive and invasive analyses and diagnostics. The results allow definition of the thickness of the varnishes, their inner morphology and establishes the presence (or absence) of secondary layers of gold leaf upon the original ones. Knowledge of varnish thickness and in-depth localisation of the secondary gold leaf allowed the restoration procedure of cleaning and thinning of the altered varnish to be performed safely and effectively in order to recover the wonderful pristine sight of a precious and ancient byzantine work of art

Estudo dos líquenes como bio-indicadores de metais pesados no meio ambiente da Igreja dos Santos Juanes de Valência

The lichens do to their symbiont nature have unic characteristics that confer them a key role as a bioindicators of the environmental contamination. Many investigations have been done using epiphytic lichens as a bioindicators, but only a few of them have used crustose epilithic lichens. The main objective of this work is to show the air quality of Valencia and corroborate the efficacy of the crustose epilithic lichens as a bioindicators of the air pollution. With this objective it has been analyzed the heavy metals inside the lichens growing on the façade of the Santos Juanes church in Valencia situated in the nerve centerof the city.Los líquenes debido a su naturaleza simbionte poseen unas características únicas que les confieren un papel clave como bioindicadores de la contaminación ambiental. Se han realizado muchos trabajos utilizando líquenes epifíticos como bioindicadores, pero tan solo unos pocos estudios han utilizado líquenes epilíticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto la calidad del aire de la ciudad de Valencia y corroborar la eficacia de los líquenes epilíticos crustáceos como bioindicadores de la contaminación ambiental. Para ello se analizan los metales pesados encontrados en los líquenes que crecen sobre la fachada de la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia situada en el centro neurálgico de la ciudad.Os Líquenes, devido à sua natureza simbiótica, possuem características únicas que lhes conferem um papel crucial como bio-indicadores de contaminação ambiental. Existem muitos trabalhos que utilizam líquenes epifíticos como bio-indicadores, no entanto, poucos se centram no uso de líquenes epilíticos. O estudo realizado tem como objectivo por em manifesto a qualidade do ar da cidade de Valencia e corroborar a eficiência dos líquenes epilíticos crustosos como bio-indicadores da contaminação ambiental. Para tal, analizaram-se os metais pesados presentes em líquenes que crescem na fachada da Igreja dos Santos Juanes de Valência, situda no centro nevrálgico da cidade

Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening

Inspection of the physical-chemical components of the mural paintings of the Sanctuary and Thermae of Edeta. Valencia

El Santuario Oracular y las Termas de Mura (siglo I), se encuentran en la ciudad romana de Edeta, municipium de derecho latino dentro del Conventus Tarraconensis de Hispania Citerior. La arqueología ha reconocido restos de un conjunto de 20.000m2, formado por Templos, Termas, hospitium, y tabernae, con interesantes pinturas al fresco, que han sido analizados por el Laboratorio Scientifico del Opificio delle Pietre Dure, reconociendo su estratigrafía mediante Microscopía Óptica con luz difusa y ultravioleta, Microscopía Electrónica SEM, con QBSD, análisis de elementos mediante sonda EDS y sistema INCA de Oxford. Los resultados son especialmente interesantes al haberse reconocido yeso en la capa pictórica, cloro en el intonaccino, ladrillo molido en el intonaco y en la pintura, y fosforo en la capa pictórica.The Oracular Sanctuary and the Thermal baths of Mura (1st century) are in the Roman town of Edeta, which was a municipium in Latin law as part of the Conventus Tarraconensis of Hispania Citerior. Archaeological work has found remains of a 20,000 square metre complex made up of Temples, Thermae, hospitium, and tabernae, with some interesting fresco paintings. These have been analysed by the Scientific Laboratory of the Opificio delle Pietre Dure, examining their stratigraphy by means of Optical Microscopy with diffuse and ultraviolet light, SEM Electronic Microscopy, with QBSD, analysis of elements by means of EDS probe and the Oxford INCA system. The results are particularly interesting through having found gypsum plaster in the pictorial layer, chlorine in the intonaccino, crushed brick in the intonaco and in the paint, and phosphorus in the pictorial layer.Lalli Galliano, C.; Bosch Roig, MDP.; Escrivà Torres, V.; Bosch Reig, I. (2010). Reconocimiento de los componentes físicoquímicos de las pinturas murales romanas del santuario y termas de Edeta. Valencia. Arché. (4-5):37-44. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/3018637444-

Counterintuitive Single-Molecule Magnet Behaviour in Two Polymorphs of One-Dimensional Compounds Involving Chiral BINOL-Derived Bisphosphate Ligands

International audienceThe coordination reaction of the [Dy(hfac)(3)(H2O)(2)] units (hfac(-) = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate) with the [8 and PRIME;-(Diphenoxylphosphinyl)[1,1 and PRIME;-binaphthalen]-8-yl]diphenoxylphosphine oxide ligand (L) followed by a crystallisation in a 1:3 CH2Cl2:n-hexane solvent mixture led to the isolation of a new polymorph of formula [(Dy(hfac)(3)((S)-L))(3)](n) (1). The X-ray structure on single crystal of 1 revealed the formation of a mono-dimensional coordination polymer with three crystallographically independent Dy-III centres, which crystallised in the polar chiral P2(1) space group. Ac magnetic measurements highlighted single-molecule magnet behaviour under both zero and 1000 Oe applied magnetic field with magnetic relaxation through quantum tunneling of the magnetisation (QTM, zero field only) and Raman processes. Despite the three crystallographically independent Dy-III centres adopting a distorted D-4d coordination environment, a single slow magnetic relaxation contribution was observed at a slower rate than its previously studied [(Dy(hfac)(3)((S)-L))](n) (2) polymorph