Estudio comparativo de las comunidades vegetales de los arrozales y de los ambientes acuáticos y palustres de Entre Ríos (Argentina)

El cultivo de arroz, por su necesidad de estar inundado la mayor parte de su ciclo, es un hábitat apropiado para el establecimiento de malezas acuáticas y palustres. En los ríos y arroyos que sirven como fuente de agua de riego se desarrollan vegetales que se diseminan por semillas o segmentos y brotan posteriormente en las arroceras, constituyéndose en malezas. El objetivo es comparar la composición de las comunidades vegetales de ambientes acuáticos y palustres, y las de áreas del cultivo de arroz inundado, con el fin de evaluar su similitud florística. Entre diciembre de 1993 y febrero de 1995 se relevaron 154 estaciones, censándose la vegetación de 11 ambientes acuáticos y palustres. Se estimó la abundancia y cobertura de las especies y se clasificaron los ambientes según la técnica del vecino más lejano para estimar su similitud entre sí. Se registraron 105 especies vegetales, prevaleciendo por su cobertura las familias Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae y Apiaceae. El análisis de clasificación mostró que los ambientes florísticamente más similares a las arroceras fueron las contrabanquinas y los arroyos, siendo éstos los que presentaron mayor cobertura total de especies palustres y acuáticas. En los arrozales existe un claro predominio de cobertura de especies helófitas (palustres) respecto de las otras formas biológicas.Flooded rice fields are an appropriate habitat for aquatic and marshy weeds. In rivers and streams are used as water source for flooding of irrigation water, some plants develop and disseminate by seeds or segments, and sprout later on rice fields becoming weeds. The objective was to study the composition of plant communities of aquatic and marshy environments and the fllooding rice crops of Entre Ríos. The study was carried out between December 1993 and February 1995. One hundred and fifty four stations were sampled by censing vegetation of 11 types of aquatic and marshy environments. Species abundance and cover were estimated, and similarity of environments was obtained with euclidean distance and classified according to the most distant neighbor's technique. One hundred and five species were registered, and the prevailing families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Apiaceae. Small streams would be the environment with higher contribution of marshy and aquatic weeds, and so they have higher probability of being the source of weed invasions. In the rice fields prevails the covering of marshy species with regard to other biological forms.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Estudio comparativo de las comunidades vegetales de los arrozales y de los ambientes acuáticos y palustres de Entre Ríos (Argentina)

El cultivo de arroz, por su necesidad de estar inundado la mayor parte de su ciclo, es un hábitat apropiado para el establecimiento de malezas acuáticas y palustres. En los ríos y arroyos que sirven como fuente de agua de riego se desarrollan vegetales que se diseminan por semillas o segmentos y brotan posteriormente en las arroceras, constituyéndose en malezas. El objetivo es comparar la composición de las comunidades vegetales de ambientes acuáticos y palustres, y las de áreas del cultivo de arroz inundado, con el fin de evaluar su similitud florística. Entre diciembre de 1993 y febrero de 1995 se relevaron 154 estaciones, censándose la vegetación de 11 ambientes acuáticos y palustres. Se estimó la abundancia y cobertura de las especies y se clasificaron los ambientes según la técnica del vecino más lejano para estimar su similitud entre sí. Se registraron 105 especies vegetales, prevaleciendo por su cobertura las familias Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae y Apiaceae. El análisis de clasificación mostró que los ambientes florísticamente más similares a las arroceras fueron las contrabanquinas y los arroyos, siendo éstos los que presentaron mayor cobertura total de especies palustres y acuáticas. En los arrozales existe un claro predominio de cobertura de especies helófitas (palustres) respecto de las otras formas biológicas.Flooded rice fields are an appropriate habitat for aquatic and marshy weeds. In rivers and streams are used as water source for flooding of irrigation water, some plants develop and disseminate by seeds or segments, and sprout later on rice fields becoming weeds. The objective was to study the composition of plant communities of aquatic and marshy environments and the fllooding rice crops of Entre Ríos. The study was carried out between December 1993 and February 1995. One hundred and fifty four stations were sampled by censing vegetation of 11 types of aquatic and marshy environments. Species abundance and cover were estimated, and similarity of environments was obtained with euclidean distance and classified according to the most distant neighbor's technique. One hundred and five species were registered, and the prevailing families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Apiaceae. Small streams would be the environment with higher contribution of marshy and aquatic weeds, and so they have higher probability of being the source of weed invasions. In the rice fields prevails the covering of marshy species with regard to other biological forms.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Click Chemistry with Polymers, Dendrimers, and Hydrogels for Drug Delivery

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Pharmaceutical Research. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-012-0683-yDuring the last decades, great efforts have been devoted to design polymers for reducing the toxicity, increasing the absorption, and improving the release profile of drugs. Advantage has been also taken from the inherent multivalency of polymers and dendrimers for the incorporation of diverse functional molecules of interest in targeting and diagnosis. In addition, polymeric hydrogels with the ability to encapsulate drugs and cells have been developed for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. In the long road to this successful story, pharmaceutical sciences have been accompanied by parallel advances in synthetic methodologies allowing the preparation of precise polymeric materials with enhanced properties. In this context, the introduction of the click concept by Sharpless and coworkers in 2001 focusing the attention on modularity and orthogonality has greatly benefited polymer synthesis, an area where reaction efficiency and product purity are significantly challenged. The purpose of this Expert Review is to discuss the impact of click chemistry in the preparation and functionalization of polymers, dendrimers, and hydrogels of interest in drug deliveryThis work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CTQ2009-10963 and CTQ2009-14146-C02-02) and the Xunta de Galicia (10CSA209021PR and CN2011/037)S

Estudio comparativo de las comunidades vegetales de los arrozales y de los ambientes acuáticos y palustres de Entre Ríos (Argentina)

El cultivo de arroz, por su necesidad de estar inundado la mayor parte de su ciclo, es un hábitat apropiado para el establecimiento de malezas acuáticas y palustres. En los ríos y arroyos que sirven como fuente de agua de riego se desarrollan vegetales que se diseminan por semillas o segmentos y brotan posteriormente en las arroceras, constituyéndose en malezas. El objetivo es comparar la composición de las comunidades vegetales de ambientes acuáticos y palustres, y las de áreas del cultivo de arroz inundado, con el fin de evaluar su similitud florística. Entre diciembre de 1993 y febrero de 1995 se relevaron 154 estaciones, censándose la vegetación de 11 ambientes acuáticos y palustres. Se estimó la abundancia y cobertura de las especies y se clasificaron los ambientes según la técnica del vecino más lejano para estimar su similitud entre sí. Se registraron 105 especies vegetales, prevaleciendo por su cobertura las familias Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae y Apiaceae. El análisis de clasificación mostró que los ambientes florísticamente más similares a las arroceras fueron las contrabanquinas y los arroyos, siendo éstos los que presentaron mayor cobertura total de especies palustres y acuáticas. En los arrozales existe un claro predominio de cobertura de especies helófitas (palustres) respecto de las otras formas biológicas.Flooded rice fields are an appropriate habitat for aquatic and marshy weeds. In rivers and streams are used as water source for flooding of irrigation water, some plants develop and disseminate by seeds or segments, and sprout later on rice fields becoming weeds. The objective was to study the composition of plant communities of aquatic and marshy environments and the fllooding rice crops of Entre Ríos. The study was carried out between December 1993 and February 1995. One hundred and fifty four stations were sampled by censing vegetation of 11 types of aquatic and marshy environments. Species abundance and cover were estimated, and similarity of environments was obtained with euclidean distance and classified according to the most distant neighbor's technique. One hundred and five species were registered, and the prevailing families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Apiaceae. Small streams would be the environment with higher contribution of marshy and aquatic weeds, and so they have higher probability of being the source of weed invasions. In the rice fields prevails the covering of marshy species with regard to other biological forms.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Four-year safety and effectiveness data from patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod : The Spanish GILENYA registry

Objective To describe the profile of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with fingolimod in Spain and to assess the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod after 4 years of inclusion in the Spanish Gilenya Registry. Methods An observational, retrospective/prospective, multicenter case registry, including all patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) starting treatment with fingolimod in 43 centers in Spain. Analyses were performed in the overall population and in subgroups according to prior disease-modifying therapy (DMT): glatiramer acetate/interferon beta-1 (BRACE), natalizumab, other treatment, or naïve. Results Six hundred and sixty-six evaluable patients were included (91.1% previously treated with at least one DMT). The mean annualized relapse rate (ARR) prior to fingolimod was 1.12, and the mean EDSS at fingolimod initiation was 3.03. Fingolimod reduced the ARR by 71.4%, 75%, 75.5%, and 80.3%, after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively (p<0.001). This significant reduction in the ARR continuedto be observed in all subgroups. After 4 years, the EDSS showed a minimal deterioration, with the EDSS scores from year 1 to year 4 remaining mostly stable. The percentage of patients without T1 Gd+ lesions progressively increased from 45.6% during the year prior to fingolimod initiation to 88.2% at year 4. The proportion of patients free from new/enlarged T2 lesions after 4 years of fingolimod treatment was 80.3%. This trend in both radiological measures was also observed in the subgroups. Adverse events (AEs) were experienced by up to 41.6% of patients (most commonly: lymphopenia [12.5%] and urinary tract infection [3.7%]). Most AEs were mild in severity, 3.6% of patients had serious AEs. Conclusions The patient profile was similar to other observational studies. The results obtained from the long-term use of fingolimod showed that it was effective, regardless of prior DMT, and it had adequate safety results, with a positive benefit-risk balance

Four-year safety and effectiveness data from patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: The Spanish GILENYA registry

Esclerosis múltiple; Reacciones adversas; Infecciones respiratoriasEsclerosi múltiple; Reaccions adverses; Infeccions respiratòriesMultiple sclerosis; Adverse reactions; Respiratory infectionsObjective To describe the profile of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with fingolimod in Spain and to assess the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod after 4 years of inclusion in the Spanish Gilenya Registry. Methods An observational, retrospective/prospective, multicenter case registry, including all patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) starting treatment with fingolimod in 43 centers in Spain. Analyses were performed in the overall population and in subgroups according to prior disease-modifying therapy (DMT): glatiramer acetate/interferon beta-1 (BRACE), natalizumab, other treatment, or naïve. Results Six hundred and sixty-six evaluable patients were included (91.1% previously treated with at least one DMT). The mean annualized relapse rate (ARR) prior to fingolimod was 1.12, and the mean EDSS at fingolimod initiation was 3.03. Fingolimod reduced the ARR by 71.4%, 75%, 75.5%, and 80.3%, after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively (p<0.001). This significant reduction in the ARR continued to be observed in all subgroups. After 4 years, the EDSS showed a minimal deterioration, with the EDSS scores from year 1 to year 4 remaining mostly stable. The percentage of patients without T1 Gd+ lesions progressively increased from 45.6% during the year prior to fingolimod initiation to 88.2% at year 4. The proportion of patients free from new/enlarged T2 lesions after 4 years of fingolimod treatment was 80.3%. This trend in both radiological measures was also observed in the subgroups. Adverse events (AEs) were experienced by up to 41.6% of patients (most commonly: lymphopenia [12.5%] and urinary tract infection [3.7%]). Most AEs were mild in severity, 3.6% of patients had serious AEs. Conclusions The patient profile was similar to other observational studies. The results obtained from the long-term use of fingolimod showed that it was effective, regardless of prior DMT, and it had adequate safety results, with a positive benefit-risk balance.The study was funded by the Academia Española de Esclerosis Múltiple y Otras Enfermedades Autoinmunes (ACADEM), with a restricted investigational grant form Novartis. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Banco de Germoplasma de orquídeas nativas de la región litoral

El proyecto se centra en el rescate y propagación de especies nativas de orquídeas de la zona del litoral, en particular las que crecen en la diversidad de hábitats palustres y selvas ribereñas de los arroyos de Entre Ríos, contribuyendo a la preservación de las especies ante el avance de las actividades antrópicas en los ecosistemas. El objetivo principal del proyecto es consolidar y ampliar un banco de germoplasma de semillas de orquídeas nativas (BGO) con fines a su conservación y propagación por técnicas de cultivo «in vitro». Se evaluará la viabilidad mediante prueba de tetrazolio de las semillas del BGO y longevidad según las condiciones de almacenamiento, realizando pruebas de germinación «in vitro» y posterior propagación, hasta la etapa de aclimatación de plantas en macetas, confeccionando los respectivos protocolos para las especies evaluadas. Los resultados del proyecto serán transferidos a cultivadores, viveristas, jardines botánicos y público en general, a través de charlas técnicas y cursos de capacitación, lo cual contribuirá a la toma de conciencia en preservación de especies nativas y a la compra de plantas producidas por esta técnica. De igual forma, se vinculará los datos del BGO al Sistema Nacional de Datos Biológicos