Turismo astronómico en Castilla y León. El caso de la Sierra de Gredos

El turismo es un fenómeno en constante crecimiento y evolución; el número de viajeros que recorren el mundo aumenta cada día y la cantidad de tipologías turísticas que existen es cada vez más diversa. Una de estas nuevas tipologías en auge es el turismo astronómico. Surgido del interés de la humanidad por el cielo y sus fenómenos, así como de la necesidad actual de desarrollar formas de turismo sostenibles que cuiden el medio ambiente, el astroturismo constituye una opción con innumerables ventajas y con un potencial de crecimiento extraordinario. A través de este trabajo, profundizaremos en sus características y situación y trataremos de conocer los aspectos que lo convierten en una alternativa inigualable en el panorama turístico actual.Grado en Turism

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Cycloplatinated(II) Complexes Bearing Isocyanide and Alkynyl Ligands

Cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes havegained increasing interest during the last yearsdue to their rich chemistry and uniqueluminescent properties, making them suitablefor light emitting diodes (OLEDs),photocatalysis, bioimaging or chemicalsensors. However, there are very scarceantecedents of heteroleptic cycloplatinated(II)compounds with isocyanide and alkynylligands.1To expand this research, we aimed to prepare anew family of luminescent cycloplatinatedcomplexes with 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine(dfppy, a) and 4-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde(ppy-CHO, b) as cyclometalating ligands. Thealkynyl/tert-butyl isocyanide complexes[Pt(C^N)(CCR)(CNtBu)], bearing 4-ethynylanisole (2) and 2-ethynylthiophene (3)have obtained from the chloride derivatives[Pt(C^N)Cl(CNtBu)] (C^N = dfppy 1a, ppy-CHO 1b) using the Sonogashira protocol.These systems have been designed by takinginto account features that could make thesecomplexes interesting in biological studies.The complexes have been fully characterizedusing NMR spectroscopy together with X-raydiffraction. Their optical properties have beenstudied in detail and interpreted with the helpof TD-DFT calculations. The dfppy derivativesexhibit a mechanochromic behaviour, relatedto their strong tendency to form stackingstructures or aggregates by Pt···Pt and/or ···interactions

Structural and Chromic Behaviour of Cycloplatinated(II) Complexes Bearing Isocyanide Ligands

Cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes have received extensive attention due to theirproperties, such as long emissive lifetimes, high phosphorescent efficiency and tuneableexcited states. All these characteristics make them attractive candidates for chromicdevices with applications in bioimaging, sensors and optoelectronic devices.[1]In particular, cycloplatinated complexes bearing strong field isocyanide ligands haveattracted a great interest as efficient chromophores with stimuli switching responses. Inthis regard, we have previously reported a family of chloride isocyanide Pt(II) complexeswith remarkable mechanochromic properties.[2]To expand this research, we present the synthesis of a new family of luminescent platinumcomplexes, chloride-isocyanide [Pt(C^N)Cl(CNBut)] (1) and bis-isocyanide [Pt(C^N)(CNBut)2]ClO4 (2), bearing 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, a) and 4-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde (ppy-CHO, b) as cyclometalating ligands. The characterization andphotophysical properties of all complexes have been studied in detail and rationalizedtogether with TD-DFT calculations.The chloride derivatives exhibit an interesting multi-stimuli behaviour, related to the formation of aggregates through intermolecular Pt···Pt and/or ··· interactions, resulting in a significantly red-shifted luminescence changes that have been analysed by X-ray studies

Manual de procedimientos de enfermería para la prevención y el manejo no farmacológico del delirium en los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos adultos de la Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander Clinica Carlos Ardila Lulle.

127 páginasEn la clínica FOSCAL hay 3 unidades de cuidado intensivo, las cuales se dividen por especialidad: una UCI quirúrgica con capacidad de 10 camas, atiende solo patologías de pacientes pre y post quirúrgicos, una UCI medica con capacidad de 12 camas donde se atienden patologías para tratamiento médico como Cardiovasculares, Respiratorias, Gastrointestinales, Infecciosas, neurológicas, nefrológicas, endocrinológicas entre otras, y una UCI Polivalente con capacidad de 12 camas que atiende pacientes de diferentes patologías de acuerdo a las necesidades de la institución y disponibilidad de las otras dos unidades, en total 34 camas. Todos los paciente son mayores 13 años, sexo masculino y femenino, tienen una estancia hospitalaria promedio 94.5% con una morbilidad de 6.5% en menos de 48 horas y 0,37% en más de 48 horas, con giro cama de 2,7%, hay 12 Enfermeras por cada turno, 12 auxiliares de Enfermería por cada turno, 3 Médicos Especialistas por cada turno, 3 rurales por turno, residentes y felow el número varía dependiendo su asignación.Especialización en Enfermería en Cuidado Crítico con Énfasis en AdultosEspecialista en Enfermería en Cuidado Crítico con Énfasis en Adulto

La mitología griega en la publicidad audiovisual de perfumes. Los casos de Invictus y Olympea.

En el panorama publicitario actual existe una imperante necesidad, especialmente para marcas de productos como los perfumes, de buscar nuevas formas de transmitir los mensajes publicitarios. Estas marcas desarrollan su publicidad prestando especial atención a las estrategias seductoras antes que a las retóricas, tratando de despertar los deseos inconscientes de los consumidores y de ofrecerles, a través de sus creaciones, una forma de satisfacerlos. Una de las estrategias habituales es la introducción de figuras mitológicas que poseen cualidades deseables para el espectador y se configuran como imágenes que encarnan el deseo. El objetivo de este trabajo es llegar a comprender cómo se introducen estas figuras y referencias en la publicidad, qué papel tienen o qué cualidades pueden transmitir a los productos. Analizaremos los casos de los anuncios de Invictus y Olympea, dos perfumes de Paco Rabanne, como ejemplos representativos de la utilización de estas referencias en la publicidad.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Hybrid organometallo-silica catalysts for sustainable visible-light promoted olefin isomerization

The use of visible light as a clean and affordable reagent has turned photocatalysis into a green and powerful tool in synthetic chemistry. However, most of these photocatalytic processes are carried out under homogeneous conditions, which requires expensive catalysts that are difficult to recover and recycle. One way to overcome this problem is to incorporate the visible-active species into porous solid matrices. However, integrating these active species into the matrix to achieve a stable and active heterogeneous photocatalyst is not easy, and has usually been done by post-synthetic strategies. Herein, we describe the use of the highly emissive cyclometalated complex [Ir(dfppy)2(dasipy)]PF6 as a building block for the in-situ synthesis of four different silica-based heterogeneous photocatalysts, and a related post-synthetic grafted material. These highly stable materials have been assessed in the energy transfer photo-isomerization reaction of trans- to cis-stilbene under blue light and mild conditions; showing not only high isomerization yields (ca. 80 %), but also easy recovery and excellent recyclability (up to 100 % after 7 cycles).This work was supported by the Spanish MCIN/AIE/10.13039/501100011033, the ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe’’, the ‘‘European Union’’ (projects PID2019-109742GB-I00 and PID2021-128761OB-C21), Gobierno de la Rioja (Project FORTALECE 2021/01) and Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Project AICO/2021/037 - Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital)

White-emitting organometallo-silica nanoparticles for sun-like light-emitting diodes

This work discloses a radically new way to prepare white-emitting hybrid nanoparticles, whose implementation in lighting devices provides encouraging proof-of-concept performances towards alternative sunlight sources. In detail, the new synthetic approach is based on the kinetic control of the formation of organometallic dots, built via the condensation of three emitting iridium(III) complexes, which are subsequently transformed into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Our novel hybrid systems, which are exceptionally stable under harsh irradiation and thermal stress environments, show a bright white emission with a record photoluminescence quantum yield. Their remarkable performance prompted us to implement them into single-component hybrid light-emitting diodes (HLEDs), achieving a high-quality sunlight source that is stable for >2000 hours with linearly extrapolated stabilities of >10 000 h. This represents one of the most stable HLEDs reported so far, while the versatility of our synthesis approach with respect to the type of emitters opens new opportunities for the design and fabrication of white-emitting color down-converters for HLEDs in the future.C. E., E. L. and J. R. B acknowledge Spanish MINECO and AEI/FEDER (ref. CTQ2016-78463-P). C. E. also thanks Universidad de La Rioja for a grant. E. F. and R.D.C. acknowledge the program “Ayudas para la atracción de talento investigador – Modalidad 1 of the Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte – Comunidad de Madrid with the reference number 2016-T1/IND-1463”. R. D. C. acknowledges Spanish MINECO for the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2016-20891). J.G.M. acknowledges Spanish MINECO and AEI/FEDER (ref. CTQ2014-60017-R). E.S. thanks Spanish MINECO and AEI/FEDER (ref. CTQ2015-74494-JIN) and the University of Alicante (“Ayudas para la captación de talento” program with the reference number UATALENTO16-03)

An extended chain and trinuclear complexes based on Pt(II)-M (M = Tl(I), Pb(II)) bonds: Contrasting photophysical behavior

The syntheses and structural characterizations of a Pt–Tl chain [{Pt(bzq)(C6F5)2}Tl(Me2CO)]n 1 and two trinuclear Pt2M clusters (NBu4)[{Pt(bzq)(C6F5)2}2Tl] 2 and [{Pt(bzq)(C6F5)2}2Pb] 3 (bzq = 7,8-benzoquinolinyl), stabilized by donor–acceptor Pt → M bonds, are reported. The one-dimensional heterometallic chain 1 is formed by alternate “Pt(bzq)(C6F5)2” and “Tl(Me2CO)” fragments, with Pt–Tl bond separations in the range of 2.961(1)–3.067(1) Å. The isoelectronic trinuclear complexes 2 (which crystallizes in three forms, namely, 2a, 2b, and 2c) and 3 present a sandwich structure in which the Tl(I) or Pb(II) is located between two “Pt(bzq)(C6F5)2” subunits. NMR studies suggest equilibria in solution implying cleavage and reformation of Pt–M bonds. The lowest-lying absorption band in the UV–vis spectra in CH2Cl2 and tetrahydrofuran (THF) of 1, associated with 1MLCT/1L′LCT 1[5dπ(Pt) → π*(bzq)]/1[(C6F5) → bzq], displays a blue shift in relation to the precursor, suggesting the cleavage of the chain maintaining bimetallic Pt–Tl fragments in solution, also supported by NMR spectroscopy. In 2 and 3, it shows a blue shift in THF and a red shift in CH2Cl2, supporting a more extensive cleavage of the Pt–M bonds in THF solutions than in CH2Cl2, where the trinuclear entities are predominant. The Pt–Tl chain 1 displays in solid state a bright orange-red emission ascribed to 3MM′CT (M′ = Tl). It exhibits remarkable and fast reversible vapochromic and vapoluminescent response to donor vapors (THF and Et2O), related to the coordination/decoordination of the guest molecule to the Tl(I) ion, and mechanochromic behavior, associated with the shortening of the intermetallic Pt–Tl separations in the chain induced by grinding. In frozen solutions (THF, acetone, and CH2Cl2) 1 shows interesting luminescence thermochromism with emissions strongly dependent on the solvent, concentration, and excitation wavelengths. The Pt2Tl complex 2 shows an emission close to 1, ascribed to charge transfer from the platinum fragment to the thallium [3(L+L′)MM′CT]. 2 also shows vapoluminescent behavior in the presence of vapors of Me2CO, THF, and Et2O, although smaller and slower than those of 1. The trinuclear neutral complex Pt2Pb 3 displays a blue-shift emission band, tentatively assigned to admixture of 3MM′CT 3[Pt(d) → Pb(sp)] with some metal-mediated intraligand (3ππ/3ILCT) contribution. In contrast to 1 and 2, 3 does not show vapoluminescent behavior.This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN (DGPTC/FEDER) (Project No. CTQ2008-06669-C02-01-02/BQU) and MINECO/FEDER (Projects Nos. CTQ2012-35251 and CTQ2013-45518-P) and the Gobierno de Aragón (Grupo Consolidado E21: Química Inorgánica y de los Compuestos Organometálicos).Peer Reviewe