Packet flow analysis in IP networks via abstract interpretation

Static analysis (aka offline analysis) of a model of an IP network is useful for understanding, debugging, and verifying packet flow properties of the network. There have been static analysis approaches proposed in the literature for networks based on model checking as well as graph reachability. Abstract interpretation is a method that has typically been applied to static analysis of programs. We propose a new, abstract-interpretation based approach for analysis of networks. We formalize our approach, mention its correctness guarantee, and demonstrate its flexibility in addressing multiple network-analysis problems that have been previously solved via tailor-made approaches. Finally, we investigate an application of our analysis to a novel problem -- inferring a high-level policy for the network -- which has been addressed in the past only in the restricted single-router setting.Comment: 8 page

Effect of pH on weakly acidic and basic model drugs and determination of their ex vivo transdermal permeation routes

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of donor pH on the transdermal permeability of the model drugs across rat skin and also to determine the major route of transport of the drugs. Weakly acidic drugs (partition coefficient) ibuprofen (3.6), aceclofenac (3.9), glipizide (1.9) and weakly basic drugs olanzapine (3.6), telmisartan (6.0), and sildenafil citrate (1.9) were selected for the study. The ex vivo permeation studies of these drugs at different donor pH (pH – 1.2, 4, 5, 6.8, 7.4, and 8) using Franz diffusion cell (area, 7.54 cm2 ) has shown a pH-dependent permeability. Among these drugs the weakly acidic drugs has shown higher permeation rates compared to the weakly basic drugs. The permeability coefficient and the distribution coefficient of the weakly basic drugs increased on increasing the pH whereas the weakly acidic drugs showed an inverse relation. The weakly basic drugs also showed an increase in permeation with increase in the fraction of unionized species indicating dominance of transcellular route of permeation. With an exception of sildenafil citrate, a weakly basic salt form of the drug which showed a high permeation value at pH 7.4 where 57% of the drug was unionized, indicating the involvement of both paracellular and transcellular route in its permeation

Catalytic Reduction of Hazardous Compound (Triethylphosphate) Using Ni Doped CuO Nanoparticles

 Nickel doped Copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method for catalytic reduction of Triethylphosphate (TEP). It is a well known toxicant from organophosphorous compounds. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, UV, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. FTIR and UV results reveals that the functional properties and the absorbance of NPs. DLS and SEM results reveals that the size and surface morphology of NPs. XRD and EDAX results confirms the structural purity of Ni dopants were substituted into the cubic CuO NPs and the elemental composition. Ni doped CuO is an efficient catalyst for catalytic reduction of TEP using sunlight irradiation and it was monitored by UV VIS spectrophotometer

Impact of Fintech on the Banking Sector

Digital transformation development triggers the boom of Fintech (financial technology) initiatives, which are recognized as some of the most important innovations in the financial industry. Fintech refers to the novel processes and products that become available for financial services thanks to digital technological advancements. Fintech is very rapidly growing in financial markets and effective impact on banks and financial institutions. This digital transformation allows the users to access their financial requirements wherever they are rather than physically going to the bank. The functions of banking sectors are reduced from complicated to more simplified manner through the innovative products in fintech. This development empowers the customers to take their financial decisions and allows them to get higher financial literacy than ever before. After covid, the impact is far more visible in the rural areas also. Most of the paper works digitalized and data regarding the customers are secured in a very protective manner

教育と初期キャリアの関連について

日本教育社会学会第48回大会, 1996年10月(九州大学), 課題研究Ⅰ 大卒雇用の構造変動と大学教

Overview of P-glycoprotein inhibitors: a rational outlook

Glicoproteína-p (P-gp), uma glicoproteína de transmembrana permeável, é um membro da superfamília (ABC) de cassete de gene de ligação de ATP que funciona especificamente como um carreador mediado pelo transportador de efluxo ativo primário. É amplamente distribuído por todo o corpo e apresenta uma gama diversificada de substratos. Diversos agentes terapêuticos vitais são substratos para P-gp e sua biodisponibilidade é reduzida ou a resistência é induzida devido ao efluxo de proteínas. Portanto, os inibidores da P-gp foram explorados para a superação da resistência a múltiplas drogas e problemas de biodisponibilidade deficiente dos substratos terapêuticos da P-gp. A sensibilidade das moléculas da droga à P-gp e vice-versa, pode ser estabelecida por vários modelos experimentais in silico, in vitro e in vivo. Desde a descoberta da P-gp, diversas pesquisas identificaram várias estruturas químicas como inibidores da P-gp. O objetivo deste presente estudo foi o de enfatizar a descoberta e desenvolvimento de inibidores mais novos, inertes, atóxicos e mais eficazes, visando especificamente os da P-gp, como aqueles entre os extratos vegetais, excipientes e formulações farmacêuticas, e outras moléculas racionais de droga. As aplicações do conhecimento de biologia celular e molecular, bancos de dados estruturais in silico, estudos de modelagem molecular e análises da relação quantitativa estrutura-atividade (QSAR) no desenvolvimento de novos inibidores racionais da P-gp também foram mencionados.P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a transmembrane permeability glycoprotein, is a member of ATP binding cassette (ABC) super family that functions specifically as a carrier mediated primary active efflux transporter. It is widely distributed throughout the body and has a diverse range of substrates. Several vital therapeutic agents are substrates to P-gp and their bioavailability is lowered or a resistance is induced because of the protein efflux. Hence P-gp inhibitors were explored for overcoming multidrug resistance and poor bioavailability problems of the therapeutic P-gp substrates. The sensitivity of drug moieties to P-gp and vice versa can be established by various experimental models in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Ever since the discovery of P-gp, the research plethora identified several chemical structures as P-gp inhibitors. The aim of this review was to emphasize on the discovery and development of newer, inert, non-toxic, and more efficient, specifically targeting P-gp inhibitors, like those among the natural herb extracts, pharmaceutical excipients and formulations, and other rational drug moieties. The applications of cellular and molecular biology knowledge, in silico designed structural databases, molecular modeling studies and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses in the development of novel rational P-gp inhibitors have also been mentioned

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUVATE THE EFFECT OF HARIDRADI GANA CHURNA AND TRIPHALA CHURNA UDVARTANA IN STHOULYA (OBESITY)

In the present century due to the busy and sedentary life people open the gate to welcome numerous diseases. Sthoulya is one among the major diseases that falls under the category of Santarpanottha vyadhi. The term overweight and obesity refers to body weight that is greater than what is considered healthy for a certain height. Sthoulya is mainly caused by Kapha, Vata Doshas and Meda Dhatu. Udvartana has better results in the management of Sthoulya, as it does Kapha-Vatahara, Medo vilayana. So, the present has been conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of Haridradi gana Churna and Triphala Churna Udvartana in Sthoulya. The study has been conducted in two groups with 20 patients each. One with Haridradi gana Churna and other group with Triphala Churna which are Kapha-Medahara & Kapha-Pramehahara respectively because of Laghu, Ruksha & Ushna properties. The present study concludes saying Haridradi gana Churna showed better results than Triphala Churna

Fishery and dynamics of the fiddler shrimp, Metapenaeopsis stridulans (Alcock, 1905) from Chennai coast

Annually 161 t of Metapenaeopsis stridulans was landed on an average in the Kasimedu fishing harbour (Chennai) during the period 2003-2007. The peak season of fishery was June- September and the overall sex ratio was 1:1.2. Females were slightly larger than males, the mean size was 79.8 mm against 73.8 mm for males. The length range for females was 41-125 mm and for males 41-115 mm. L∞ was estimated at 125 mm for females and 114 mm for males; the growth constant K was 1.1 yr-1 for females and 1.3 yr-1 for males. The mortality rates were: Z = 3.80, M = 1.20 and F = 2.60 for females and Z = 3.73, M = 1.52 and F = 2.21 for males. The length at first capture (L50) was 63.82 mm for the species. Beverton and Holt’s relative yield-per-recruit (Y’/R) analysis revealed that the current exploitation rate is higher than the optimum exploitation rate (E 0.5), hence fishing mortality should be reduced by about 45% to sustain the stock

Preparation and characterization of lamivudine microcapsules using various cellulose polymers

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate microcapsules for the controlled release of lamivudine using various cellulose polymers Methods: The microcapsules were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The prepared microcapsules were characterized for the percent drug content, entrapment efficiency, FTIR, DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in vitro dissolution studies. Accelerated stability studies were also carried out. Results: The microcapsules were spherical and free flowing. The entrapment efficiency was 76-86%. The release of drug from the microcapsules extended up to 8 to 12 hours. FTIR and DSC thermograms showed the stable character of lamivudine in the microcapsules. SEM revealed that the microcapsules were porous in nature. The release kinetics study revealed that the prepared microcapsules were best fitted to the zero order for F-2, F-4 and F-5 formulations and Higuchi model, for F-1 and F-3 microcepsules Conclusion: The release kinetics data and characteristion studies indicate that drug release from microcapsules was diffusion – controlled and that the micrapsules were stable. Keywords: Lamivudine, cellulose polymers, microcapsules, controlled release, stability. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 (4) 2007: pp. 841-84

Potential Ornamental Marine Brachyuran Crabs available off Chennai

Thirty one potential ornamental, marine brachyuran crabs belonging to eleven families, namely Calappidae, Corystidae, Dorippidae, Dromiidae, Epialtidae, Galenidae, Leucosiidae, Matutidae, Parthenopidae, Portunidae and Xanthidae, landed by trawlers at Chennai Fisheries Harbour are reported. Their morphological/colour pattern, length range in the fishery and season of occurrence are given. Majority of these crabs are used as raw material in fish and poultry meal preparation. Their attractive colour and morphological features make them good candidates for aquarium purpose