Monitoring Urban Sprawl in Greater Karu Urban Area (Gkua), Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Greater Karu Urban Area (GKUA) has been experiencing a large influx of population due to unprecedented rate of urbanization from all parts of Nigeria and elsewhere. This has led to rapid expansion and sprawl of the young settlements resulting in land use and land cover changes, transforming the entire landscape from rural to urban. The techniques of using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) to monitor and map urban sprawl are described in this paper. The built up areas were obtained from Land Sats and Nigerian Sat1 imageries of four different periods covering a 35 year period. Further analysis of the imageries revealed significant dynamic changes in the growth of the settlements in GKUA over time. The study shows a discontinuous spread of settlements leap-frogging into each other along the Keffi-Abuja High way, fast spreading into the hinterland and converting viable agricultural lands into urban development, an evidence of rapid sprawl. The study also shows more intense physical development along the high way and settlements closer to the Federal capital Territory like Mararaba, Karu, Nyanya and Masaka than settlements farther away. This study has provided quantitative and qualitative data for effective planning, policy and decision making for a more sustainable development of settlements in GKUA. Key Words: Urban Sprawl, GIS, Built-up, Monitor, Patterns of spraw

Influence analysis of capital shopping and local own-source revenue on non-food shopping

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Capital Expenditure and Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) on Non-food Expenditure of the population; in North Central Timor Regency. Research methodology: This research was a quantitative study that used time series data and located in North Central Timor Regency. Descriptive statistic and Multiple linear regressions   were used as statistic tools. SPSS Version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: The results of this study indicate that PAD has a significant effect on non-food shopping of the population in North Central Timor Regency. Limitations:  This study it only generalized the problem that occurred in North Central Timor Regency Contribution: These findings could be very significant information to North Central Timor Regency. Keywords: Capital Expenditure, Local Own-Revenue, Non-Food Expenditur

Damping of in-process measuring system through variable stiffness tunable vibration absorber

International audienceIn external cylindrical grinding machines, measuring systems are occasionally mounted on a gantry type frame. The modes of this structure are potentially harmful within the operation range of the grinding wheel in a standard machine configuration, since the rotation of the wheel can enter into resonance, thus avoiding a correct determination of the on-line measurement. The resoncance problem can be succesfully dealt with the use of a variable stiffness vibration absorber which autonomously adapts its stiffness to tune according to the mode to be damped, increasing the dynamic stiffness along the whole operation range of the wheel. In this work, a variable stiffness self-tunable vibration absorber prototype has been built and a new tuning function has been derived in order to minimize the response at the frequency coincident with the rotating speed of the wheel. Finally, validation tests have been performed in a scale supporting structure and the vibration reduction improvement comparison with respect to a standard fixed tuning strategy has been evaluated

English compound and non-compound processing in bilingual and multilingual speakers: effects of dominance and sequential multilingualism

This article reports on a study investigating the relative influence of the first and dominant language on L2 and L3 morpho-lexical processing. A lexical decision task compared the responses to English NV-er compounds (e.g., taxi driver) and non-compounds provided by a group of native speakers and three groups of learners at various levels of English proficiency: L1 Spanish-L2 English sequential bilinguals and two groups of early Spanish-Basque bilinguals with English as their L3. Crucially, the two trilingual groups differed in their first and dominant language (i.e., L1 Spanish-L2 Basque vs. L1 Basque-L2 Spanish). Our materials exploit an (a)symmetry between these languages: while Basque and English pattern together in the basic structure of (productive) NV-er compounds, Spanish presents a construction that differs in directionality as well as inflection of the verbal element (V[3SG] + N). Results show between and within group differences in accuracy and response times that may be ascribable to two factors besides proficiency: the number of languages spoken by a given participant and their dominant language. An examination of response bias reveals an influence of the participants' first and dominant language on the processing of NV-er compounds. Our data suggest that morphological information in the nonnative lexicon may extend beyond morphemic structure and that, similarly to bilingualism, there are costs to sequential multilingualism in lexical retrieval

A brief grammar of Euskara, the Basque language

LoC Class: PH5205, LoC subject headings: Basque language--Gramma

Negation in syntax--on the nature of functional categories and projections

P291, Grammar, Comparative and general--Negatives, Grammar, Comparative and general--Synta

Freumhan Falaichte

A CD of 11 original song compositions in Scottish Gaelic by Gillebride MacMillan. The words and melodies have been composed by MacMillan