Ateljeevaatteen valmistuksen työtavat Salon Kaarlo Forsmanin tuotannossa

The objective of the present study was to increase knowledge about the atelier culture of recent history, especially about the ways in which atelier clothes were made. I look at the ways of dress-making in the production of a renowned atelier, Salon Kaarlo Forsman. I also give a general outline of the atelier. The studying method I used was triangulation, which is a typical approach in case studies of recent history. My data include 23 dresses by the Salon Forsman, theme interviews of four of the Salon workers and one mannequin, data from my research work, as well as press material and archives. The basis of the analysis of these materials was a theme frame that I had put together with the help of pre-understanding. I then completed and defined the theme frame on the basis of the analysis of the data. I also analyzed the dresses in the fashion photos in the press material. Salon Kaarlo Forsman represents a certain cultural period, the years 1937-1986, and a place where a woman could have individual clothes made for her, from hats to fur coats. The atelier was particularly known for embroidery with beads, draping, and fantastic cuttings designed by the owner, fashion designer Kaarlo Forsman. I draw an outline of the work and practices of the atelier, but also that of Kaarlo Forsman's life work, as he had a great influence on the sewing methods atelier clothes. Mr. Forsman was able to stretch the first period of modern fashion well into the third period by refusing new, labor-saving methods and sticking to individually designer clothes to the end of his enterprise. The crucial practices in the atelier that I present in this study are fitting, designing, finishing and sewing, as well as beading and the decoration of dresses. I compare the activity, practices and dress-making methods in the Forsman atelier to that of Haute Couture in Paris, which served as model for Finnish fashion houses. I point out the similarities and differences.Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoa lähihistoriamme ateljeekulttuurista, etenkin ateljeevaatteen valmistuksen työtavoista. Tarkastelen ateljeevaatteen valmistuksen työtapoja Salon Kaarlo Forsmanin tuotannossa. Kuvaan myös millainen muotisalonki Salon Kaarlo Forsman oli. Lähihistorian tapaustutkimukselle luonteenomaisesti käytin aineistotriangulaatiota. Tutkimusaineisto muodostui Salon Kaarlo Forsmanissa valmistetusta 23 puvusta, neljän työntekijän ja mannekiinin teemahaastatteluista, tutkimustiedosta, lehdistömateriaaleista ja arkistolähteistä. Aineistojen sisällönanalyysin pohjana oli esiymmärryksen avulla muodostamani teemarunko, jota täydensin aineistoihin pohjautuvasti. Analysoin myös lehdistöaineiston muotikuvissa esiintyviä pukuja. -- Salon Kaarlo Forsman edustaa tiettyä kulttuurista ajanjaksoa, vuosia 1937-1986 ja paikkaa, jossa nainen saattoi teettää yksilöllisen puvuston hatuista sisäturkkeihin. Salonki oli erityisen tunnettu omistajansa, muotitaiteilija Kaarlo Forsmanin suunnittelemista helmikirjonnoista, drapeerauksista ja uskomattomista leikkauksista. Muotisalongin toiminnan ja käytänteiden ohella muodostan kuvan myös Kaarlo Forsmanin elämäntyöstä, sillä hänellä oli suuri vaikutus salongin ateljeevaatteen valmistuksen työtapoihin. Kaarlo Forsman onnistui venyttämään modernin muodin ensimmäistä kautta pitkälle kolmannen kauden puolelle kieltäytymällä uusista, työtä nopeuttavista työtavoista ja pitäytymällä yksilöllisten vaatteiden suunnittelussa yrityksensä loppuun saakka. Salongin ateljeevaatteen valmistuksen työtavoista esittelen tutkimuksessa sovituksia, muotoilua, viimeistystä, ompelua sekä pukujen helmikirjontaa ja koristeluja. Vertailen Salon Kaarlo Forsmanin toimintaa, käytänteitä ja ateljeevaatteen valmistuksen työtapoja Pariisin haute coutureen, joka toimi salonkien esikuvana sekä muihin suomalaisiin muotisalonkeihin yhtäläisyyksiä ja eroja kuvaten

Changes in dental fear among Finnish adults: a national survey

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in dental fear among adult Finns aged 19 years and over at the beginning of the study in 2000 &ndash; 2011 in a nationally representative sample. Methods:&nbsp; The study was based on Health 2000 and 2011 Surveys by the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland. The Health 2000 survey used a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design (N=9,922). Those who participated in 2000 (n=7,964) were invited to participate in 2011. The number of participants was 3,961. Dental fear was assessed by a single question: &rdquo;How afraid are you of visiting a dentist?&rdquo; (not at all, somewhat, very much). Background variables included were age (categories 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75+ years), gender, marital status (non-single, single) and education (basic, secondary, higher). To match the population sizes in different areas and thus forming a nationally representative data, the data were weighted based on age, gender and area.&nbsp; General linear modelling for repeated measures was used to evaluate changes in dental fear and associations with background variables. Results: Between 2000 and 2011 dental fear decreased more often than increased among adults in Finland. Change from being very afraid to not at all afraid of visiting a dentist was most common in the oldest group. For most participants, dental fear remained stable; being very afraid of visiting a dentist was more stable among participants from 35 to 54 years of age than among younger or older participants. Conclusions: Dental fear is still common among adults Finns and it seems to depend on age. As the most obvious consequence of dental fear is avoidance of dental care, reducing dental fear should be taken into account when planning and reorienting oral health care services.</p

Awareness and use of the Heart Symbol by Finnish consumers

Abstract Objective To study the awareness of the Heart Symbol in different age and educational groups, and changes in the awareness over a 9-year period. In addition, the reported use of products with the symbol was examined. Design A series of annual cross-sectional postal surveys on Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population. Setting A random sample (n 5000 per annum) from the Finnish population aged 15-64 years, drawn from the National Population Register, received a questionnaire. Subjects Men and women (n 29 378) participating in the surveys in 2000-2009. Results At the early 2000s, 48 % of men and 73 % of women reported to be familiar with the symbol. The corresponding rates were 66 % for men and 91 % for women in 2009. The reported use of products with the symbol increased from 29 % to 52 % in men and from 40 % to 72 % in women. In men, the awareness did not vary by age, whereas older women (45-64 years) were less likely to be aware of the symbol compared with younger women (25-34 years). Men and women with the highest education were best aware of the symbol and more likely to use the products in the early 2000s. The educational differences diminished or disappeared during the study period. Conclusions The majority of Finnish adults are familiar with the Heart Symbol, and the reported use of such products increased in all age and educational groups, especially among the less educated. The symbol may work as an effective measure to diminish nutrition-related health inequalitie

Dental students’ and patients’ perceived importance and knowledge of dental anxiety

Abstract Aim: To examine the perceived importance and knowledge of the dental students’ in their treatment of dental anxiety according to their year of study and to find out patients’ perceived importance of the dental students’ knowledge of dental anxiety according to their level on dental fear. Methods: Dental students (N = 219) at the University of Turku and non‐probability convenience sample of 100 of patients attending the Dental Teaching Clinic were given questionnaires with multiple choice and open‐ended questions. Students were categorised into three groups according to the year of study (1–3, 4, 5). Patients were categorised into three groups using the established cut points for Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (no fear = 5–9, low fear = 10–18, high fear = 19–25). The differences between groups were evaluated using cross‐tabulations, chi squared and Fisher’s exact tests. The open‐ended questions were subjected to content analysis. Results: Students’ perceived importance of dental anxiety did not differ between three groups. Students with greater undergraduate education and clinical experience were more likely to have excellent or quite good knowledge (P &lt; 0.001). Patients’ perceived importance of dental students’ knowledge of dental anxiety was greater in patients with high level of fear. The overlapping category that emerged from the open‐ended question analysis was communication skills. This appeared to be important for patients with dental anxiety and for dental students in their management of dental anxiety. Conclusion: Clinical communication skills should be part of dental anxiety management teaching. Dental students should be able to gain sufficient knowledge and skills in treating dental anxiety before graduating

Costs of dental care and its financial impacts on patients in a population with low availability of services

Objectives: To determine the direct and indirect costs of accessing and utilizing dental services in Tanzania and the proportion of patients experiencing economic burden due to treatment costs.Basic research design: Survey of 489 dental patients utilizing an out-of-pocket payment modality was carried out in four regional hospitals. Direct and indirect costs for service utilization were calculated. Financial expenditures were used to assess significant financial impacts of utilization of dental services on household economies.Results: Direct costs comprised 80% of the total treatment costs, whereas indirect costs comprised 20%. About half of the patients experienced significant financial impacts as a result of their utilization of dental services. Proportionately more patients from low-income households (92.2%) experienced significant financial impacts. Most patients attended the clinics due to toothache and the most widely expected treatment was dental extraction. Only 7.1% of the patients received a filling The costs for dental restorations were three-times those for tooth extraction.Conclusions: Dental service utilization leads to significant financial impacts on many of the households in this setting. Increasing the rate of prepayment for health services and reducing income inequality may help to mitigate these impacts.</div

Association of depression and anxiety with different aspects of dental anxiety in pregnant mothers and their partners

Funding: Academy of Finland and Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation.Objectives The aim was to confirm the factor structure of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and to investigate whether the association of these factors with general anxiety and depression varied across gender. Methods The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study (www.finnbrain.fi) data from the first collection point at gestational week 14 were used. Of the invited participants (n = 5790), 3808 (66%) expectant mothers and 2623 fathers or other partners of the mother agreed to participate, and 3095 (81.3%) mothers and 2011 (76.7%) fathers returned the self‐report questionnaire. Dental anxiety was measured with the MDAS, general anxiety symptoms with Symptom Checklist‐90 (anxiety subscale) and depressive symptoms with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was conducted to test the equivalence of the factor structure and multiple group SEM (MGSEM) to test the configural invariance (unconstrained model) and metric invariance (structural weights model), across genders. Results Of those consenting, 3022 (98%) women and 1935 (96%) men answered the MDAS. The MGCFA indicated good convergent validity for the two‐factor model for MDAS, but somewhat low discriminant validity (factors demonstrated 72% shared variance). The MDAS items loaded clearly higher for the assigned factor than to the other factor (differences in loadings >0.2), indicating that the 2‐factor model has merit. According to the final MGSEM model, anxiety symptoms were directly related to anticipatory dental anxiety, but not to treatment‐related dental anxiety. Conclusions When assessing dental anxiety with MDAS, considering also its two factors may help clinicians in understanding the nature of patient's dental anxiety.PostprintPeer reviewe

Associations of common chronic non-communicable diseases and medical conditions with sleep-related problems in a population-based health examination study

Peer reviewe

Parent's self-reported tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste: Associations with their one-year-old child's preventive oral health behaviour

Objective The aim of the study was to examine if the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste of the mother and father were associated with the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste for their 1-year-old child. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1672 mothers and 867 fathers on tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste, age, education, number of siblings and parity (when the child was 1-year-old). For 763 families (mother and father), data from both parents were available. Tooth brushing was dichotomized to at least twice daily (2× day) and less than 2× day, and use of fluoridated toothpaste for child to at least once daily and less than once daily. The association between brushing of child's teeth (both parents less than 2× day) and use of fluoridated toothpaste for the child (both parents less than once daily) with parent's own tooth brushing was modelled with logistic regression analyses adjusted for family-related variables (parents' age and education, number of older siblings) using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Families in which both parents brushed their own teeth less than 2× day were more likely to brush their child's teeth less than 2× day than families in which both parents brushed their own teeth 2× day (OR = 9.23; 95%CI = 5.42–15.69). The likelihood of not brushing the child's teeth 2× day was less strong when at least one of the parents brushed his/her own teeth 2× day (mother 2× day: OR = 1.97; 95%CI = 1.25–3.10; father 2× day: OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.51–5.40). Conclusions Less frequent tooth brushing of both mothers and fathers was strongly associated with less frequent tooth brushing of their child. When educating parents on child oral home care, parents' own home care and inclusion of fathers also need more attention.publishedVersio