Transcribing "Le Pèlerinage de Damoiselle Sapience": Scholarly Editing Covid19-Style

This article describes a methodological experiment conducted during the 13th Annual (Virtual) Schoenberg Symposium on Manuscript Studies in the Digital Age, hosted by the University of Pennsylvania, November 18–20, 2020. The experiment consisted of a “relay style” event in which three teams transcribed, revised, and prepared for submission to this journal a full edition of the “Le Pèlerinage de Damoiselle Sapience” and other texts from UPenn Ms Codex 660, ff. 86r–95v within the three-day timespan of the conference. The project used methods typical of crowdsourcing and drew participants from all over the world and from all different stages of their careers. After one group completed its work, the results were passed into the hands of the next. The final result—in the form of a finished manuscript edition, ready for submission to Digital Medievalist—was presented on the last day of the conference. The main purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate how the work of the transcriber and editor might be structured as a short-term digital event that relied wholly on virtual interactions with both the source materials and among collaborators. This method also reveals the positive aspects of the many challenges posed by working simultaneously, remotely, and globally

A genetic investigation of sex bias in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heritability and is 2-7 times more common in males than females. We examined two putative genetic mechanisms underlying this sex bias: sex-specific heterogeneity and higher burden of risk in female cases. Methods We analyzed genome-wide autosomal common variants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and iPSYCH Project (20,183 cases, 35,191 controls) and Swedish populationregister data (N=77,905 cases, N=1,874,637 population controls). Results Genetic correlation analyses using two methods suggested near complete sharing of common variant effects across sexes, with rg estimates close to 1. Analyses of population data, however, indicated that females with ADHD may be at especially high risk of certain comorbid developmental conditions (i.e. autism spectrum disorder and congenital malformations), potentially indicating some clinical and etiological heterogeneity. Polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis did not support a higher burden of ADHD common risk variants in female cases (OR=1.02 [0.98-1.06], p=0.28). In contrast, epidemiological sibling analyses revealed that the siblings of females with ADHD are at higher familial risk of ADHD than siblings of affected males (OR=1.14, [95% CI: 1.11-1.18], p=1.5E-15). Conclusions Overall, this study supports a greater familial burden of risk in females with ADHD and some clinical and etiological heterogeneity, based on epidemiological analyses. However, molecular genetic analyses suggest that autosomal common variants largely do not explain the sex bias in ADHD prevalence

On the Origin and Provenance of Victoria, McPherson Library, Doc.Brown.4: Sir Thomas Mowbray’s Care of Newnham Priory

Abstract Although Sir Thomas Mowbray’s 1391 confirmation and continuation of earlier grants and donations to the Augustinian Priory of Newnham, Bedfordshire, was attested via Sir William Dugdale’s transcription and an incomplete cartulary copy, the original charter’s location remained unknown. This article identifies University of Victoria, Doc.Brown.4 as the lost original, provides a new description with full diplomatic transcription, and traces the document’s likely transmission route down to the nineteenth century. Keywords: Sir Thomas Mowbray (1366-1399), Sir William de Beauchamp (c.1185-1260), Sir William Dugdale (1605-1686), Ferrar-Boteler family, Bedfordshire, Newnham Priory, Inner Temple, Inns of Court, dissolution of the monasteries, charters, inspeximus, vidimus, manuscript provenance, manuscript transmission, University of Victoria Doc.Brown.4   Résumé Bien que la charte de Sir Thomas Mowbray de 1391, qui confirme et continue ses concessions et dons antérieurs au Prieuré augustinien de Newnham, Bedfordshire, soit attestées par une transcription de Sir William Dugdale et par une copie incomplète dans un cartulaire, la localisation de la charte originale était restée inconnue jusqu’à présent. Cet article identifie University of Victoria, Doc.Brown.4 comme l’original perdu, en donne une nouvelle description avec une transcription diplomatique complète et retrace la transmission probable du document jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Mots-clés : Sir Thomas Mowbray (1366-1399), Sir William de Beauchamp (v. 1185-1260), Sir William Dugdale (1605-1686), famille Ferrar-Boteler, Bedfordshire, Prieuré de Newnham, Inner Temple, Inns of Court, dissolution des monastères à l’époque d’Henri VIII, chartes, inspeximus, vidimus, provenance de manuscrits, transmission de manuscrits, University of Victoria Doc.Brown.

Redefining phenotypes to advance psychiatric genetics: Implications from hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology.

Genetic discovery in psychiatry and clinical psychology is hindered by suboptimal phenotypic definitions. We argue that the hierarchical, dimensional, and data-driven classification system proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium provides a more effective approach to identifying genes that underlie mental disorders, and to studying psychiatric etiology, than current diagnostic categories. Specifically, genes are expected to operate at different levels of the HiTOP hierarchy, with some highly pleiotropic genes influencing higher order psychopathology (e.g., the general factor), whereas other genes conferring more specific risk for individual spectra (e.g., internalizing), subfactors (e.g., fear disorders), or narrow symptoms (e.g., mood instability). We propose that the HiTOP model aligns well with the current understanding of the higher order genetic structure of psychopathology that has emerged from a large body of family and twin studies. We also discuss the convergence between the HiTOP model and findings from recent molecular studies of psychopathology indicating broad genetic pleiotropy, such as cross-disorder SNP-based shared genetic covariance and polygenic risk scores, and we highlight molecular genetic studies that have successfully redefined phenotypes to enhance precision and statistical power. Finally, we suggest how to integrate a HiTOP approach into future molecular genetic research, including quantitative and hierarchical assessment tools for future data-collection and recommendations concerning phenotypic analyses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)