52 research outputs found

    Concession, restriction et opposition : l’apport du quĂ©bĂ©cois Ă  la description des connecteurs français

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    L’examen de quelques connecteurs particuliers du français du QuĂ©bec dans le domaine des adversatives (concession, restriction, opposition : quand mĂȘme que, comment que, par exemple, pareil) en comparaison avec les faits du français standard (mĂȘme si, avoir beau, quand mĂȘme, quoique) nous amĂšne Ă  constater des ressemblances et des diffĂ©rences importantes. À l’aide de tests syntaxiques et de la compatibilitĂ© avec diverses opĂ©rations, nous tentons

    Utilisation de bactériophages pour contrÎler les populations de Aeromonas salmonicida résistantes aux antibiotiques

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    La furonculose, causĂ©e par la bactĂ©rie Aeromonas salmonicida, reprĂ©sente une des principales causes de mortalitĂ© chez les salmonidĂ©s d’élevage. L’antibiothĂ©rapie constitue l’approche la plus largement rĂ©pandue pour contrer les effets nĂ©fastes de cette maladie. Cependant, le dĂ©veloppement de bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques reprĂ©sente un problĂšme de plus en plus prĂ©occupant. La prĂ©sente recherche a visĂ© Ă  explorer une nouvelle option pour lutter contre la furonculose, soit la possibilitĂ© d’utiliser des bactĂ©riophages comme moyen de prĂ©vention pour contrĂŽler les populations de A. salmonicida. La sensibilitĂ© de 19 souches de A. salmonicida, rĂ©sistantes Ă  aucun, un, deux ou trois antibiotiques, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e vis‑à‑vis de 12 bactĂ©riophages. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les souches de A. salmonicida rĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques utilisĂ©s dans l’industrie piscicole canadienne sont aussi sensibles Ă  de nombreux bactĂ©riophages, tout comme des souches sensibles aux antibiotiques. Il serait donc possible d’envisager un traitement prĂ©ventif Ă  base de bactĂ©riophages pour lutter contre la furonculose chez les salmonidĂ©s d’élevage.Aquaculture represents an increasingly important source of food fish worldwide. The aquaculture industry currently produces between 25 and 30% of all seafood for human consumption. In Canada, salmonids (salmon, rainbow trout, arctic char and brook trout) account for the majority of food fish production. Furonculosis involving the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most important infections observed in salmonid farms. An A. salmonicida infection results either in morbidity and mortality with few clinical signs, or in weakened fish with skin ulcers that make them unmarketable for human consumption. The A. salmonicida bacterium uses a number of mechanisms to counteract the natural barrier of the immune system. Bacterial growth is encouraged by an increase in the ambient temperature and in the concentration of organic matter in the water.During recent years, a relationship between therapeutic failures and the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been reported in salmonid farms. This problem is complicated by the fact that only four antibiotics are authorized for the aquaculture industry in Canada. One consequence of this increasing resistance is a renewed interest in alternative therapies and prevention. Bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) may represent one such alternative. In recent decades, interest in bacteriophages as antibacterial agents has been growing in the Americas and in Asia. Some researchers have tried to exploit the potential of bacteriophages to reduce bacterial populations in infections affecting humans, while others have tried to identify uses in veterinary medicine.The overall objective of this research was to explore a new treatment against furonculosis infection based on the use of bacteriophages to inhibit growth of A. salmonicida cells. In this study, we looked at 19 strains of A. salmonicida, resistant to zero, one, two or three antibiotics, and evaluated their sensitivity to 12 bacteriophages. The results showed that the antibiotic-resistant strains were sensitive to as many bacteriophages as were the bacterial strains sensitive to antibiotics. They also showed that all the A. salmonicida strains were sensitive to several bacteriophages and, conversely, that several bacteriophages were effective against all the A. salmonicida strains. It may thus be possible to consider a preventive treatment using bacteriophages to fight against furonculosis in salmonid farms

    Ageing compromises mouse thymus function and remodels epithelial cell differentiation.

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    Ageing is characterised by cellular senescence, leading to imbalanced tissue maintenance, cell death and compromised organ function. This is first observed in the thymus, the primary lymphoid organ that generates and selects T cells. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning these ageing processes remain unclear. Here, we show that mouse ageing leads to less efficient T cell selection, decreased self-antigen representation and increased T cell receptor repertoire diversity. Using a combination of single-cell RNA-seq and lineage-tracing, we find that progenitor cells are the principal targets of ageing, whereas the function of individual mature thymic epithelial cells is compromised only modestly. Specifically, an early-life precursor cell population, retained in the mouse cortex postnatally, is virtually extinguished at puberty. Concomitantly, a medullary precursor cell quiesces, thereby impairing maintenance of the medullary epithelium. Thus, ageing disrupts thymic progenitor differentiation and impairs the core immunological functions of the thymus

    Des signes en mémoire

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    Michel Lagacé : S'envelopper de signes

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    D’un horodateur à l’autre

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    RĂ©action tympanique

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    Entre Èze et Lyon

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    Concession et morphÚmes concessifs : nouvelle définition et étude comparative de morphÚmes français et québécois

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    Ce mémoire ne comblera sans doute pas toutes les lacunes, mais mon intention est, à tout le moins, d'en arriver à une définition de la concession (quitte à statuer pour y parvenir) et à éclairer ses rapports avec la restriction. Cet objectif théorique ne constitue que la premiÚre partie de mon travail. Je veux, par la suite, m'attaquer plus précisément à la description de morphÚmes considérés comme concessifs ou comme restrictifs (selon le cas) en français québécois (cela n'a pas été fait jusqu'ici) et établir une comparaison avec leurs pseudo-équivalents en français général
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