Contextualizing Asian American education through critical race theory: An example of U.S. Pilipino college student experiences

Critical race theory can be an important tool for developing a deeper understanding of the experiences of specific Asian American ethnic groups and individuals.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/63048/1/297_ftp.pd

METHANOGENESIS IN RABBIT CAECUM AS AFFECTED BY THE FERMENTATION PATTERN: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MEASUREMENTS

[EN] Methane formation and caecal fermentation patterns were studied in vivo and in vitro in 16 white New Zealand rabbits (70-80 d and 2.27 ± 0.064 kg) allocated to four diets formulated to have a similar neutral detergent fibre (33.8±0.53%) and protein (17.7±0.33%) content, with two different fibre sources (alfalfa hay, AH or sugar beet pulp, SP) and starch (wheat or maize). Animals received the diet for 16 to 20 days before methane production was measured in vivo in a respiratory chamber. Animals were subsequently slaughtered at approximately 9:00 and caecal contents were sampled and used as inoculum for in vitro incubations to determine gas and methane production. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) and purine base (PB) concentrations were determined from both caecal content and incubation medium after 6 h. Total VFA concentration in caecal content decreased (P<0.05) in rabbits fed AH-maize diet compared with rabbits fed AH-wheat and SP-maize diets (37.7 vs. 59.6 mM), with those fed SP-wheat showing an intermediate value (53.0 mM). Fermentation pattern was affected when maize was the source of starch compared to wheat, with lower acetate (0.72 vs. 0.79; P<0.01) and higher butyrate (0.19 vs. 0.14; P<0.001) molar proportions. Fermentation in vivo vs. in vitro showed some differences (molar proportions of acetate, 0.76 vs. 0.73, P<0.001, and propionate, 0.069 vs. 0.091, P<0.001, in vivo and in vitro, respectively), probably due to differences in pH (6.0 vs. 6.7 in vivo and in vitro; P<0.001). Only 2 out of 16 rabbits produced a substantial volume of methane in vivo (on average, 12.6 ml/BW0.75/d or 0.56 mmol/BW0.75/d), showing a high inter-individual variability that hindered comparison of treatment differences. In contrast, methane was detected in vitro in all cases and volumes were more homogenous, a higher formation (P<0.05) being observed with maize compared to wheat. A similar effect was shown in total gas production. The low methane production and H2 recovery suggest the importance of H2 disposal mechanisms other than methanogenesis, such as reductive acetogenesis. PB concentration in caecal content and the incubation medium, as an index of microbial concentration, was highest when SP was added with maize (P<0.05).For the realisation of this work, A. Belenguer and L. Abecia received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and the Basque Government, respectively. This work was financed by the Diputación General de Aragón through project DGA PM095/2006.Belenguer, A.; Fondevila, M.; Balcells, J.; Abecia, L.; Lachica, M.; Carro, M. (2011). METHANOGENESIS IN RABBIT CAECUM AS AFFECTED BY THE FERMENTATION PATTERN: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MEASUREMENTS. World Rabbit Science. 19(2):75-83. doi:10.4995/wrs.2011.826SWORD758319

Estequiometría del complejo Carmín Boro

The nature of  the boron·carmine complex in solution is established· by three methods. These were the method of continuous variations by Job and modified by Vosburgh and Cooper, the mole ratio method proposed by Yoe and Jones, and the slope ratio method of Harvey and Manning and modified by Venkateswarlu and Raghava Rao. The results obtained by the three methods indicate that the empirical formula of  the boron complex is two atoms of boron to one molecule of the reagent

Violence against women. The aggressor's profile: approaches to evaluation of the risk

La Administración de Justicia es cada vez más consciente de la importancia de que la pericia médica en los casos de violencia familiar se haga de forma completa, rigurosa y científica. Por ello, desde hace seis años pusimos nuestra experiencia y conocimientos a su servicio creando la "Unidad de Valoración Médico-forense de Violencia Familiar" en la Universidad de Granada, al objeto de realizar una pericia médico-legal integral en cada caso de violencia, dirigida a establecer una valoración global y completa de la víctima, del agresor y de los hijos, cuando los hay. En el presente trabajo se describe la sistemática utilizada en la evaluación psicológico-psiquiátrica de las partes involucradas en el problema y los resultados que nos permiten establecer los diversos perfiles de maltratadores. La comparación entre los resultados obtenidos en el perfil de personalidad de la víctima y del agresor permite comprender cómo surge la dinámica de la violencia y cuáles son los detonantes del comportamiento maltratador, así como el nivel de riesgo que este representa para aquélla. Esta valoración integral puede proporcionar al juez, al fiscal y a los letrados una información rigurosa y objetiva sobre la que apoyar la mejor decisión para todos los implicados y las medidas a adoptar en cada caso.Judges and Justice more and more realise the importance of medical expert reports in cases of domestic violence being made in a complete, rigorous and scientific way. For this reason, for the last six years we have placed our experience and knowledge at their service by creating the "Forensic Evaluation of Domestic Violence Unit" in the University of Granada. Our purpose was to carry out integral medical expertise in each case of violence, trying to establish a global and complete evaluation, of both victim and aggressor (and their children, when there are any). This paper describes the systematic protocol we have used for the psychological-psychiatric evaluation of the parts involved in the problem, as well as the obtained results which allow as to establish the diverse aggressor profiles. The comparison between the results for the profile of victim and aggressor personalities allows a comprehension of how the dynamics of the violence arises and what is the trigger for the aggressive behavior, as well as the level of risk that the aggressor represents for the victim. This global evaluation can provide to judge, prosecutor, and lawyers rigorous and objective information as a basis for the best decision for both victim and aggressor as well as for the measures to adopt in each cas

Betaine increases net portal absorption of volatile fatty acids in Iberian pigs

[EN] Betaine is an osmolyte with the potential to increase volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and hence improve intestinal health.The present study investigated how betaine affects portal and arterial concentrations and net portal absorption (NPA) of VFA in growing Iberian pigs. Eight 30 kg BW Iberian growing barrows with indwelling catheters in portal vein, ileal vein and carotid artery were randomly assigned to a control diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5% betaine. Para-aminohippuric acid was infused into the ileal vein as a marker to determine portal blood flow using the dilution method. Blood samples were simultaneously taken from the carotid artery and portal vein at −60, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min after feeding 1 200 g of the diet. The NPA of VFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate and caproate) was determined by multiplying the porto-arterial plasma concentration differences by portal plasma flow. Betaine increased NPA of acetate (1.44 fold; P < 0.001) and total VFA (0.55 fold; P < 0.001) while decreased NPA of propionate (−0.38 fold; P < 0.05) and valerate (−1.46 fold; P < 0.05) compared with control pigs. Estimated heat production potentially derived from NPA of VFA accounted for 0.20–0.27 of metabolizable energy for maintenance. Acetate and propionate accounted for most of the total VFA estimated heat production (0.83–0.89). Regarding bacterial communities, betaine apparently did not change the DNA abundance of fecal total bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides and the Clostridium clusters I, IV and XIV. In conclusion, betaine increased portal appearance and NPA of VFA, contributing to cover maintenance energy requirementsSIThis research was supported by grant AGL2016-80231-R from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain. M. Gómez-García was supported by grant LE131-18 from Junta de Castilla y León co-financed by the European Social Fun

Spatial structure of demersal fish assemblages in South and Southeast Asia and implications for fisheries management

We provide a review of the assemblage structure of demersal fish resources in four South and Southeast Asian countries. Multivariate techniques (classification and ordination analysis) were used to analyze scientific trawl survey data from a collaborative project in the region. Analyses covered major coastal fishing areas in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This represents the first such assessment of fish assemblages for the region using a standard analysis framework. Results indicate that spatial patterns of demersal assemblages are influenced by depth. However, other environmental factors such as salinity and substrate type also appear important. Critical fisheries management implications of the observed assemblage patterns are discussed, particularly in terms of the existing spatial management zones. Existing management zones are based on distance from shore and were found to be largely inconsistent with the assemblage patterns observed. If management is to be effective it must be structured to take into account the underlying pattern of the fish assemblages

Formula for the nnth kk-Generalized Fibonacci-like Number

In this paper we provided a formula for the $n$th term of the $k$-generalized Fibonacci-like sequence, a generalization of the well-known Fibonacci sequence, having $k$ arbitrary initial terms, where the succeeding terms are obtained by adding its previous $k$ terms. The formula for the $n$th term of the $k$-generalized Fibonacci-like sequence was obtained by observing patterns in the derived formula for the nth term of the Fibonacci-like, Tribonacci-like, and Tetrabonacci-like sequence. The formula for the $k$-generalized Fibonacci sequence was also derived and was used in the process of proving the main result of this paper

Physician Empathy in Public and Private Internal Medicine Residency Training Programs in Pasig City

Research Question: What are the levels of patient-perceived and self-assessed physician empathy among internal medicine (IM) residents in two tertiary hospitals in Pasig City? Is there a significant difference in patient-perceived and self-assessed physician empathy levels between public and private tertiary hospitals? Background: Empathy is important because it has been speculated to have a positive effect on patient outcomes; it is a skill that can be learned and developed. Objectives: This study obtained quantitative measurements of patient-perceived and self-assessed physician empathy. Empathy levels between public and private tertiary hospitals were compared. General Study Design: This study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional design, with surveys as the strategy for data collection. Participants: 162 out-patient department patients aged 19-75, and 69 IM residents were sampled from one private and one public tertiary hospital. Outcome Measures: The Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSE) were used to measure the empathy levels. Analysis: Sample size calculation was done using OpenEpi. An alpha level of .05 was used for computing the independent samples t-test. Results: Internal medicine patients from the private hospital rated the physicians with higher empathy scores (mean=31.23) compared to their public hospital counterparts (mean=29.01), which is significant (p=.0134). Residents from the private hospital also scored a higher self-assessed empathy score (mean=110.46) compared to physicians from the public hospital (mean=102.13), which is significant (p=.0147). Conclusion: This study provided preliminary information on the empathy levels of physicians in the Philippine setting between private and public hospitals, showing that physician empathy levels are consistently higher in the private hospital facility. The results can help hospitals incorporate or improve training in empathy in internal medicine residency programs, as empathy is known to affect patient health outcome

An agent-based model of COVID-19 dynamics during enhanced community quarantine: Exploring the role of food relief system in the presence of two SARS-CoV-2 variants

Introduction: The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic alerted the Philippine government to impose the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) as a means to hamper human mobility and interaction and eventually diminish transmission. Due to severe limitations in accessibility to basic needs due to ECQ, the government devised amelioration programs. A year after the declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, variants of concern were detected locally. Consequently, there is a necessity to prepare reinstatement of strict non-pharmaceutical interventions while meeting the food-related basic needs of the population. Studies related to food distribution during a strict community quarantine have been lacking. The importance of allocating provisions during extreme pandemic measures should be properly analyzed, especially when attempts had been made by local government units. Methods: This study devised an agent-based model (ABM) to observe the effects of the food relief system in mitigating the disease during Davao City ECQ when two variants are present in two adjacent villages. These relief distribution types are as follows: “regular and sufficient,” “regular but insufficient,” and “irregular” relief type. In total, three barangay scenarios were considered. Results and discussion: For the worst-case scenario, wherein a lot of infections are anticipated, the results show that the “irregular” relief type peaked at the highest number of cases, while the “regular and sufficient” relief type showed little to almost no new cases. The compromise-case scenario showed almost no difference between “regular but insufficient” and “regular and sufficient.” For the best-case scenario, the three relief types showed low average infected cases with almost small variance. The model was then compared, situationally, with Davao City barangays during ECQ and recommended which food relief type applies to the barangays. This could serve as a baseline on how food reliefs could be optimally distributed in cases where barangay conditions differently affect and transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus of different variants with varying transmission rates within a community. Further development of the model should potentially be useful for decision support not only during pandemics but also in contexts where resource allocation to a community is involved

Production of a potential liquid plant bio-stimulant by immobilized Piriformospora indica in repeated-batch fermentation process

Piriformospora indica, a mycorrhizal-like fungus able to establish associations with roots of a wide range of plants, supporting plant nutrition and increasing plant resistance and tolerance to stress, was shown to solubilise phosphate applied in the form of animal bone char (HABO) in fermentation systems. The process of P solubilisation was caused most likely by proton extrusion and medium pH lowering. The fungal mycelium was successfully immobilized/retained in a polyurethane foam carrier. Further employment of the immobilized mycelium in repeated-batch fermentation process resulted in at least 5 cycles of P solubilization. The concentration of soluble P increased during the experiment with 1.0 and 3.0 g HABO l−1 and at the end of the 5th batch cycle reached 40.8 and 120 mg l−1, respectively. The resulting final liquid product, without or with solubilized phosphate, was found to significantly increase plant growth and P plant uptake. It can be used as a biostimulant containing microbial plant growth-promoting substances and soluble P derived from renewable sources (HABO) thus supporting the development of sustainable agro-ecosystems.This work was supported by Project CTM2014-53186-R, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad-ES/EC FEDER Fund and the sabbatical Grant PRX16/00277 to NV