13 research outputs found

    Interaction of nanoscale particles with the skin barrier

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    Skin penetration of nanoparticles was the focus of several recent studies. This is of major importance in basic research for potential future applications, e.g. designing topical and transdermal delivery systems, as well as for health risk analysis. Yet, there is a controversy among researchers on the status of their skin penetration due to different experimental setups. Meanwhile, there is little known about the mechanism and determinants of nanoparticle penetration. The main thesis objective was hence to study the penetration of model gold nanoparticles of different physicochemical and formulation parameters through human skin of different degrees of barrier integrity. Multiphoton microscopy was used for nanoparticle detection. Imaging parameters were determined in terms of resolution and depth profiling of gold nanoparticles in skin. A semiquantitative approach based on pixel analysis of gold nanoparticles was developed to compare nanoparticle localization in different skin locations under different conditions. Based on penetration experiments, determinants that favor or limit particle penetration were determined as well as the barrier to penetration (intercellular lipids). Finally nanoparticle penetration was successfully enhanced using a chemical enhancement approach. Results obtained are important to enhance our understanding of nanoparticle interaction with the skin barrier. Future studies are required to reduce the gap between research and applications.Die Penetration von Nanopartikeln ist Gegenstand der aktuellen Forschung. Diese Frage ist von großer Bedeutung fĂŒr die Anwendung im Bereich der Nanomedizin als auch fĂŒr die AbschĂ€tzung des Risikopotenzials bei Kontakt mit solchen Systemen. Bis dato sind allerdings keine eindeutigen Aussagen möglich. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Untersuchung des Penetrationsverhaltens anhand von kolloidalem Gold (AuNP). Dieses Modellsystem erlaubt die Untersuchung der Penetration in AbhĂ€ngigkeit von verschiedenen physikochemischen Eigenschaften der Partikel (oberflĂ€chenmodifiziert), als auch von Formulierungseigenschaften (Vehikel). Die AuNP erlauben eine Visualisierung mittels Multiphotonen Mikroskopie. Daher wurden die Auflösung und die optischen Parameter fĂŒr AuNP in Haut bestimmt. Des Weitern wurde ein Pixel-basiertes Verfahren ermittelt, das eine semiquantitative Analyse der penetrierten Objekten ermöglicht. Dies erlaubt eine AbschĂ€tzung der Partikelpenetration. Penetrationsexperimente erlaubten die Parameter, die die Penetration beeinflussen, hinsichtlich GrĂ¶ĂŸe und OberflĂ€chenpolaritĂ€t einzuschrĂ€nken. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch die Penetration von Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe von Penetrationsverbesserern gesteigert werden kann. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sind wichtige Bausteine fĂŒr das VerstĂ€ndnis der Interaktion von Nanopartikeln mit der Hautbarriere. ZukĂŒnftige Studien sind dennoch nötig, um die LĂŒcke zwischen Forschung und möglicher Anwendung zu schließen

    Bacteriomimetic invasin-functionalized nanocarriers for intracellular delivery.

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    Intracellular bacteria invade mammalian cells to establish an infectious niche. The current work models adhesion and subsequent internalization strategy of pathogenic bacteria into mammalian cells to design a bacteriomimetic bioinvasive delivery system. We report on the surface functionalization of liposomes with a C-terminal fragment of invasin (InvA497), an invasion factor in the outer membrane of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. InvA497-functionalized liposomes adhere to mammalian epithelial HEp-2 cell line at different infection stages with a significantly higher efficiency than liposomes functionalized with bovine serum albumin. Covalent attachment of InvA497 results in higher cellular adhesion than liposomes with physically adsorbed InvA497 with non-specific surface protein alignment. Uptake studies in HEp-2 cells indicate active internalization of InvA497-functionalized liposomes via ÎČ1-integrin receptor-mediated uptake mechanism mimicking the natural invasion strategy of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Uptake studies in Caco-2 cells at different polarization states demonstrate specific targeting of the InvA497-functionalized liposomes to less polarized cells reflecting the status of inflamed cells. Moreover, when loaded with the anti-infective agent gentamicin and applied to HEp-2 cells infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis, InvA497-functionalized liposomes are able to significantly reduce the infection load relative to non-functionalized drug-loaded liposomes. This indicates a promising application of such a bacteriomimetic system for drug delivery to intracellular compartments

    Calcifediol-loaded liposomes for local treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections.

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    The influence of vitamin D3 and its metabolites calcifediol (25(OH)D) and calcitriol on immune regulation and inflammation is well described, and raises the question of potential benefit against bacterial infections. In the current study, 25(OH)D was encapsulated in liposomes to enable aerosolisation, and tested for the ability to prevent pulmonary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prepared 25(OH)D-loaded liposomes were nanosized and monodisperse, with a negative surface charge and a 25(OH)D entrapment efficiency of approximately 23%. Jet nebulisation of liposomes was seen to yield an aerosol suitable for tracheo-bronchial deposition. Interestingly, 25(OH)D in either liposomes or ethanolic solution had no effect on the release of the proinflammatory cytokine KC from Pseudomonas-infected murine epithelial cells (LA-4); treatment of infected, human bronchial 16-HBE cells with 25(OH)D liposomes however resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial survival. Together with the importance of selecting an application-appropriate in vitro model, the current study illustrates the feasibility and practicality of employing liposomes as a means to achieve 25(OH)D lung deposition. 25(OH)D-loaded liposomes further demonstrated promising effects regarding prevention of Pseudomonas infection in human bronchial epithelial cells

    Interaktion der Nanopartikel mit der Hautbarriere

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    Skin penetration of nanoparticles was the focus of several recent studies. This is of major importance in basic research for potential future applications, e.g. designing topical and transdermal delivery systems, as well as for health risk analysis. Yet, there is a controversy among researchers on the status of their skin penetration due to different experimental setups. Meanwhile, there is little known about the mechanism and determinants of nanoparticle penetration. The main thesis objective was hence to study the penetration of model gold nanoparticles of different physicochemical and formulation parameters through human skin of different degrees of barrier integrity. Multiphoton microscopy was used for nanoparticle detection. Imaging parameters were determined in terms of resolution and depth profiling of gold nanoparticles in skin. A semiquantitative approach based on pixel analysis of gold nanoparticles was developed to compare nanoparticle localization in different skin locations under different conditions. Based on penetration experiments, determinants that favor or limit particle penetration were determined as well as the barrier to penetration (intercellular lipids). Finally nanoparticle penetration was successfully enhanced using a chemical enhancement approach. Results obtained are important to enhance our understanding of nanoparticle interaction with the skin barrier. Future studies are required to reduce the gap between research and applications.Die Penetration von Nanopartikeln ist Gegenstand der aktuellen Forschung. Diese Frage ist von großer Bedeutung fĂŒr die Anwendung im Bereich der Nanomedizin als auch fĂŒr die AbschĂ€tzung des Risikopotenzials bei Kontakt mit solchen Systemen. Bis dato sind allerdings keine eindeutigen Aussagen möglich. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Untersuchung des Penetrationsverhaltens anhand von kolloidalem Gold (AuNP). Dieses Modellsystem erlaubt die Untersuchung der Penetration in AbhĂ€ngigkeit von verschiedenen physikochemischen Eigenschaften der Partikel (oberflĂ€chenmodifiziert), als auch von Formulierungseigenschaften (Vehikel). Die AuNP erlauben eine Visualisierung mittels Multiphotonen Mikroskopie. Daher wurden die Auflösung und die optischen Parameter fĂŒr AuNP in Haut bestimmt. Des Weitern wurde ein Pixel-basiertes Verfahren ermittelt, das eine semiquantitative Analyse der penetrierten Objekten ermöglicht. Dies erlaubt eine AbschĂ€tzung der Partikelpenetration. Penetrationsexperimente erlaubten die Parameter, die die Penetration beeinflussen, hinsichtlich GrĂ¶ĂŸe und OberflĂ€chenpolaritĂ€t einzuschrĂ€nken. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch die Penetration von Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe von Penetrationsverbesserern gesteigert werden kann. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sind wichtige Bausteine fĂŒr das VerstĂ€ndnis der Interaktion von Nanopartikeln mit der Hautbarriere. ZukĂŒnftige Studien sind dennoch nötig, um die LĂŒcke zwischen Forschung und möglicher Anwendung zu schließen

    Preparing future interdisciplinary scientists

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    We examine how authentic interdisciplinary science experiences allow undergraduate science students to transfer their learning beyond the initial learning context. We show that when undergraduate science students practice science in an authentic interdisciplinary science environment, they better excel as future interdisciplinary scientists. We recommend design principles to help other science programs foster an effective interdisciplinary community of science practice in their contexts. The presenter will engage the participants in discussion on how to incorporate these principles in other educations STEM contexts
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