Saccharothrix hoggarensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from Saharan soil

An actinomycete, designated SA181T, was isolated from Saharan soil in the Hoggar region (south Algeria) and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate were consistent with the genus Saccharothrix, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that strain SA181T was a novel member of the genus Saccharothrix. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain SA181T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours, the type strains of Saccharothrix longispora, Saccharothrix texasensis and Saccharothrix xinjiangensis, were clearly below the 70 % threshold. The genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix, for which the name Saccharothrix hoggarensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SA181T ( = DSM 45457T  = CCUG 60214T)

Pengaruh Tingkat EC (Electrical Conductivity) Dan Nutrisi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L. var chinensis) Pada Hidroponik Sistem Sumbu (Wick System)

Pakcoy merupakan jenis sayuran yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena mudah untuk didapatkan dan baik dikonsumsi segar tanpa diolah maupun dalam bentuk olahan. Selain itu, tanaman pakcoy juga diminati karena mengandung protein, lemak, karbohidrat, Ca, P, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E dan vitamin K yang sangat baik untuk kesehatan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi pakcoy yaitu melalui teknik budidaya secara hidroponik. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan nilai EC (Electrical Conductivity) dan kombinasi nutrisi yang tepat sehingga dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy terbaik pada sistem hidroponik sumbu. Bahan yang digunakan didalam penelitian yaitu benih pakcoy varietas Green, Nutrisi AB Mix Kebun Sayur Surabaya, biourin kelinci, dan pH up. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2021 hingga Juli 2021 di Greenhouse Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara perlakuan tingkat EC dan kombinasi nutrisi terhadap diameter batang. Perlakuan tingkat EC berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot segar total tanaman pakcoy dengan pertumbuhan pakcoy terbaik dengan pemberian EC sebesar 2 mS/cm. Perlakuan kombinasi nutrisi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy seperti panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun per tanaman, bobot segar total, dan kadar klorofil dengan nutrisi terbaik pada nutrisi 100% AB mix dan kombinasi nutrisi 75% AB mix + 25% biourin kelinci

The Relationship of Cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) Expression with Clinical Presentation, Staging, and Degree of Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Although the recent development of adjuvant treatment has developed rapidly, it has only slightly Increased the survival rate of CRC Patients in an advanced stage. The prognosis of CRC patient strongly influenced by Several factors, such as tumor stage, clinical manifestations, histopathology and molecular oncogenicity of the tumor. COX-2 is an enzyme that plays a role in converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. The end product of COX-2 contributes to various biological factors in triggering tumor growth. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of COX-2 expression with the clinical presentation such as patient age, location, and size of the tumor and histopathology in CRC patients

Streptomyces aridus sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil and emended description of Streptomyces noboritoensis Isono et al. 1957.

A polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic status of a Streptomyces strain which had been isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil and shown to have bioactive properties. The strain, isolate H9(T), was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties that place it in the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate forms a distinct branch at the periphery of a well-delineated subclade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree together with the type strains of Streptomyces crystallinus, Streptomyces melanogenes and Streptomyces noboritoensis. Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on five house-keeping gene alleles showed that isolate H9(T) is closely related to the latter two type strains and to Streptomyces polyantibioticus NRRL B-24448(T). The isolate was distinguished readily from the type strains of S. melanogenes, S. noboritoensis and S. polyantibioticus using a combination of phenotypic properties. Consequently, the isolate is considered to represent a new species of Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces aridus sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is H9(T) (=NCIMB 14965(T)=NRRL B65268(T)). In addition, the MLSA and phenotypic data show that the S. melanogenes and S. noboritoensis type strains belong to a single species, it is proposed that S. melanogenes be recognised as a heterotypic synonym of S. noboritoensis for which an emended description is given. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-017-0838-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Diversity and abundance of phosphonate biosynthetic genes in nature

Phosphonates, molecules containing direct carbon–phosphorus bonds, compose a structurally diverse class of natural products with interesting and useful biological properties. Although their synthesis in protozoa was discovered more than 50 y ago, the extent and diversity of phosphonate production in nature remains poorly characterized. The rearrangement of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to phosphonopyruvate, catalyzed by the enzyme PEP mutase (PepM), is shared by the vast majority of known phosphonate biosynthetic pathways. Thus, the pepM gene can be used as a molecular marker to examine the occurrence and abundance of phosphonate-producing organisms. Based on the presence of this gene, phosphonate biosynthesis is common in microbes, with ∼5% of sequenced bacterial genomes and 7% of genome equivalents in metagenomic datasets carrying pepM homologs. Similarly, we detected the pepM gene in ∼5% of random actinomycete isolates. The pepM-containing gene neighborhoods from 25 of these isolates were cloned, sequenced, and compared with those found in sequenced genomes. PEP mutase sequence conservation is strongly correlated with conservation of other nearby genes, suggesting that the diversity of phosphonate biosynthetic pathways can be predicted by examining PEP mutase diversity. We used this approach to estimate the range of phosphonate biosynthetic pathways in nature, revealing dozens of discrete groups in pepM amplicons from local soils, whereas hundreds were observed in metagenomic datasets. Collectively, our analyses show that phosphonate biosynthesis is both diverse and relatively common in nature, suggesting that the role of phosphonate molecules in the biosphere may be more important than is often recognized

Taxonomy and chemical characterization of new antibiotics produced by Saccharothrix SA198 isolated from a Saharan soil

Actinomycete strain SA198, isolated from a Saharan soil sample of Algeria, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and phytopathogenic and toxinogenic fungi. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus Saccharothrix. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SA198 showed a similarity level ranging between 97.2 and 98.8% within Saccharothrix species, S. australiensis being the most closely related. Two new active products were isolated by reverse HPLC using a C18 column. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS), infrared (IR), mass, and 1Hand 14C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showed that these products were new bioactive compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics showed a strong activity against fungi and moderate activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Biological nomenclature terms for facilitating communication in the naming of organisms

A set of terms recommended for use in facilitating communication in biological nomenclature is presented as a table showing broadly equivalent terms used in the traditional Codes of nomenclature. These terms are intended to help those engaged in naming across organism groups, and are the result of the work of the International Committee on Bionomenclature, whose aim is to promote harmonisation and communication amongst those naming life on Earth

Isolation and characterization of potent antifungal strains of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade active against Candida albicans

Streptomyces strains were isolated from a sagebrush rhizosphere soil sample on humic acid vitamin (HV) agar and water yeast extract (WYE) agar supplemented with 1.5% (w/w) phenol as a selective medium. Acidic, neutral and alkaline pH conditions were also used in the isolation procedures. The phenol treatment reduced the numbers of both actinomycetes and non-actinomycetes on plates under all three pH conditions. From phenol-amended HV and WYE agar, 16 strains were isolated in pure culture; 14 from the HV agar and two from the WYE agar. All the isolates were tested for their antifungal activities against Pythium ultimum P8 and five yeast strains, including two antifungal drug-resistant Candida albicans strains. HV isolates that showed broad-spectrum antifungal antibiotic activities were all found to be members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade, while those that did not were non-clade members. The phenol treatment was not selective for S. violaceusniger clade members. Therefore, we tested the spores of both S. violaceusniger clade and non-clade members using two biocides, phenol and hydrogen peroxide, as selection agents. Spores of non-clade members, such as S. coelicolor M145 and S. lividans TK 21, survived these two biocides just as well as S. violaceusniger clade members. Thus, in our hands, biocide resistance was not S. violaceusniger clade specific as previously reported. However, isolates showing broad-spectrum antifungal and antiyeast activity were all members of the clade. We conclude that screening of isolates for broad-spectrum antifungal/antiyeast activity is the preferred method of isolating S. violaceusniger clade strains rather than biocide-based selection. Phylogenetic analysis of the phenol-resistant isolates revealed that the HV isolates that exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal antibiotic activity were all clustered and closely related to the S. violaceusniger clade, while the isolates that did not exhibit antifungal antibiotic activity were all non-clade members