Numerical study of variable lung ventilation strategies

Mechanical ventilation is used for patients with a variety of lung diseases. Traditionally, ventilators have been designed to monotonously deliver equal sized breaths. While it may seem intuitive that lungs may benefit from unvarying and stable ventilation pressure strategy, recently it has been reported that variable lung ventilation is advantageous. In this study, we analyze the mean tidal volume in response to different `variable ventilation pressure' strategies. We found that uniformly distributed variability in pressure gives the best tidal volume as compared to that of normal, scale- free, log normal and linear distributions.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 37th National Systems Conference (NSC 2013; Theme: Systems Thinking in Social Innovation and Emerging Technologies). appears in Chapter 26, pp 299-306, Systems Thinking Approach for Social Problems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 327, 201

Evaluation of Classroom Gamification in Higher Education

Using games for teaching-Learning include features that engage the learners. Gamified instruction builds learning for the better in many ways. First, it empowers students to be responsible for their learning. Well-designed games are particularly effective at keeping reluctant learners engaged because they keep the learner close to but not over their capacity threshold. Second, gamified methods help students maintain a skillful mindset when encountering new obstacles. Moreover finally, gamified instructional techniques build on the ways games boost a player to survive in the face of challenges to help students better overcome hurdles in their learning environment. Engagement of the students in teaching-learning activities plays an important role, but only engaging the students and fun are insufficient, or it could not be the aim. The accomplishment of learning objectives is significant. So games should also be associated with the skill to be evaluated, and evaluation patterns decided by the teacher. During or after the conduction of the game, the teacher should collect the pieces of evidence; must interpret them to get a value with a view to action

Studies on isolation, rheological properties and diversity analysis of guar gum

studied. Further cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method of DNAisolation procedure was standardised to yield good quality of DNA from cluster bean. APCR optimisation with appropriate concentration as well as temperature and timeadjustment was done. Decamer primer used to analyse hybridization study with DNA.The products were run on agarose gel and photographed. The random amplifiedpolymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was used to study the fifteen genotypes of clusterbean. A total 20 primers were screened out of which 10 have good results. Theamplification of genomic DNA of 15 genotype, using RAPD primers yielded 494fragments that could be scored, of which 55 were polymorphic in all crosses. Per cent ofpolymorphism ranged from 20.51-100%. Similarity matrix obtained through NTSYS-pcsoftware revealed that wild variety NSG-369 shows maximum diversity. The rheologicalproperties of guar gum found to contain galactomannan for its gummy characteristics.Finally it can be concluded that there is no correlation between the diversity of the varietyand its galactomannan content but wild one variety shows great diversity than the othervarieties

Role of ozone Disc Nucleolysis in Herniated intervertebral Disc : The Indian experience [abstract]

Aim. To study the role of ozone disc nucleolysis in herniated intervertebral disc. Materials. We retrospectively analysed consecutives patients undergoing ozone disc nucleolysis. There were Total of 5265 patients with 2740 males and 2525 females. Their Age was ranging from 17 to 84 years. Patients weight was ranging from 36 to 138 kilograms. All the patients had failed conservative management for at least 3weeks. Methods. All the patients were clinically evaluated as per inclusion and exclusion criterions. Pre-treatment Visual Analogue scale (VAS)and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).All the patients undergone Pre-treatments work up of MRI of the spine.256 patients were undergone Nerve physiological study (EMG,NCV and SSEP). All the procedures were carried out in Cathlab (Siemen's Artis zee) under local anaesthesia. In Lumbar region 3 cc of ozone and in cervical 1cc of ozone-oxygen mixture injected. In Lumbar region additionally 7 cc of ozone-oxygen mixture along with local anaesthetic (Lidocaine) - corticosteroid (Hydrocortisone and triamcinolone) - rheological enzyme (hynidase) injected in epidural space. There were 4406 patients with Lumbar disc herniation and 861 patients with cervical disc herniation. Statistical Analysis was done by SAS online version 2. Results. Outcome was assessed by VAS score, Oswestry Disability Index and modified MacNab scale at 6 month, 12 months and 18 months The mean baseline VAS score was 9 which became 4.9 post ozone disc nucleolysis . Disability Index was 36.13 at baseline which improved to 9.86 post treatment. Success rate was 81% by Modified MacNab outcome scale. Results by all above mentioned the three methods were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion. Ozone disc nucleolysis is highly effective in the treatment of herniated intervertebral disc . It is safe, Durable and cost effective in our series. Our results were slightly better than the published literature. However randomized control trial is recommended to further substantiate our results

Determining the evolutionary history of gene families

PublishedMotivation: Recent large-scale studies of individuals within a population have demonstrated that there is widespread variation in copy number in many gene families. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the variation in gene copy number can give rise to substantial phenotypic effects. In some cases, these variations have been shown to be adaptive. These observations show that a full understanding of the evolution of biological function requires an understanding of gene gain and gene loss. Accurate, robust evolutionary models of gain and loss events are, therefore, required. Results: We have developed weighted parsimony and maximum likelihood methods for inferring gain and loss events. To test these methods, we have used Markov models of gain and loss to simulate data with known properties. We examine three models: a simple birth–death model, a single rate model and a birth–death innovation model with parameters estimated from Drosophila genome data. We find that for all simulations maximum likelihood-based methods are very accurate for reconstructing the number of duplication events on the phylogenetic tree, and that maximum likelihood and weighted parsimony have similar accuracy for reconstructing the ancestral state. Our implementations are robust to different model parameters and provide accurate inferences of ancestral states and the number of gain and loss events. For ancestral reconstruction, we recommend weighted parsimony because it has similar accuracy to maximum likelihood, but is much faster. For inferring the number of individual gene loss or gain events, maximum likelihood is noticeably more accurate, albeit at greater computational cost.Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK

Fisheries geographical information system for Greater Mumbai region in Maharashtra, India

Geographical information system (GIS) is an invaluable decision support tool, designed to address spatially related problems for management of natural resources. The power of GIS lies in its ability to visualise and relate various types of geo-referenced spatial and non-spatial data allowing users to analyse them. In India, use of GIS in fisheries management is yet to find its rightful place. An effort has been made in the present study to design and organise a fisheries spatial information system for Greater Mumbai region in Maharashtra to serve as a macro-level database for the planners and administrators, which can be used for querying, analysing and displaying datasets in the form of graphs and summarised tabular data for all the fisheries infrastructural facilities. This GIS will be of immense help to planners, managers and administrators in quick storing, retrieving and updating the required information for management of fisheries in Greater Mumbai region

Profile of highly active antiretroviral therapy failure human immunodeficiency virus patients at a tertiary health care centre of India: a success story of NACP

Background: Although HAART has successfully controlled the progression of HIV and helped to prevent the disease significantly, new challenges are heading up and ART failure despite of good adherence is becoming a major hurdle in the way of HIV control. Considering these facts present study was planned with an objective to study clinical and immunological profile of antiretroviral therapy failure HIV patients.Methods: This observational study was conducted at ART plus centre of one of the tertiary health care centre of India from February 2018 to September 2019. Patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire and were examined and investigated for any opportunistic infections and their CD4 counts were studied.Results: Among total 4098 patients alive on ART at present study centre 90.6% were responding well to the 1st line of ART, while 8.7% had failed to 1st line of ART but responding well to the 2nd line whereas 0.7% had failed to 2nd line and were initiated on 3rd line of ART. Failure of ART was the cause for change in regimen among 84.9% of patients. Median of rise in CD4 count at 6 months from switch to 2nd line was 137 cells/mm3.Conclusions: Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved outcome of the disease. Failure of ART is the major cause for change in ART regimen. Majority of patients in failure had WHO clinical stage 1 and 2

An overview of technology transfer in industry

The objective of this review article is to study how technology is transferred in the pharmaceutical industry. This review article is to discuss the procedure for technology transfer process in pharmaceutical industry, importance of technology transfer, reasons for using technology transfer, methods of technology transfer, facets of technology transfer, list of institutes in Indian assisting in technology transfer, organization of technology transfer, function of technology transfer, steps involved in technology transfer, few case of involved in the technology transfer in the pharmaceutical industry and understand the aspects related with technology transfer

Molecular Defects of Vitamin B6 Metabolism Associated with Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathy

Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy (NEE) is a seizure disorder that occurs within hours from birth and arises from central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions of various origins, including metabolic or inflammatory conditions, abnormalities of brain structure and cerebrovascular diseases. In some rare circumstances, NEE is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) but responds very well to treatment with vitamin B6 in the form of either pyridoxine (PN) or pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP). Vitamin B6-dependent NEE derives either from a deficiency of PLP, from inborn errors in enzymes, such as pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase (PNPOx) and pyridoxal kinase (PL kinase) involved in the PLP salvage pathway or from inherited mutations of enzymes, such as -aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (also known as antiquitin) involved in other metabolic pathways, which lead to the accumulation of intermediates that react with PLP, reducing its availability. Clinical phenotypes observed in vitamin B6-dependent NEE patients may include fetal distress, hypoglycemia, acidosis, anemia, and asphyxia. The health state of untreated patients may undergo progressive deterioration, which can lead to death within weeks. Surviving children are usually mentally retarded and are dependent on vitamin B6 to control the disease. Several known cases of B-dependent NEE, however do not or only mildly manifest some of the above clinical features, and are characterized by mild to moderate developmental delay. This chapter will review the molecular mechanism of how in-born errors in PNPOx or antiquitin affect PLP levels in the cell and lead to NEE. We will also review important clinical and general features associated with PLP dependent NEE, and provide some directions for clinicians to diagnose and treat or manage the diseas