MANIFESTAÇÕES OROFACIAIS DA DISPLASIA CLEIDOCRANIANA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os aspectos gerais e as principais manifestações orofaciais da Displasia Cleidocraniana, elencando a importância do Cirurgião-dentista no diagnóstico precoce. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que foram selecionados artigos científicos indexados no SCIELO, LILACS e MEDLINE/PUBMED. As principais alterações encontradas nos indivíduos que apresentam esta displasia são a presença de dentes supranumerários, o atraso na erupção da dentição permanente, a hipoplasia ou aplasia da clavícula, o nariz largo e o fechamento tardio das fontanelas, que proporciona ao crânio uma aparência achatada e explica a face característica braquicefálica. O Cirurgião-dentista é um dos primeiros profissionais a ser procurado por conta da prevalência das alterações bucais, que são os primeiros sinais percebidos pelo paciente ou familiar. Ressalta-se a importância deste profissional para o reconhecimento inicial dos sinais clínicos da Displasia Cleidocraniana, o que contribui para o diagnóstico precoce influenciando diretamente no tratamento e na qualidade de vida, devolvendo saúde e bem-estar para o indivíduo. The objective of this article is to describe the general aspects and the main orofacial manifestations of Cleidocranial Dysplasia, listing the importance of the dentist in the early diagnosis. This is an integrative review, in which scientific articles indexed in SCIELO, LILACS and MEDLINE/PUBMED were selected. The main alterations found in individuals with this dysplasia are the presence of supernumerary teeth, the delay in the eruption of the permanent dentition, the hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicle, the wide nose and the late closure of the fontanelles, which gives the skull a flattened appearance and explains the characteristic brachycephalic face. The dental surgeon is one of the first professionals to be sought out due to the prevalence of oral alterations, which are the first signs noticed by the patient or family member. The importance of this professional is emphasized for the initial recognition of the clinical signs of Cleidocranial Dysplasia, which contributes to the early diagnosis, directly influencing the treatment and quality of life, restoring health and well-being to the individual

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Doxycycline and Benznidazole Reduce the Profile of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Cardiac Tissue from Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Dogs

Chemokines (CKs) and chemokine receptors (CKR) promote leukocyte recruitment into cardiac tissue infected by the Trypanosoma cruzi. This study investigated the long-term treatment with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline (Dox) in association, or not, with benznidazole (Bz) on the expression of CK and CKR in cardiac tissue. Thirty mongrel dogs were infected, or not, with the Berenice-78 strain of T. cruzi and grouped according their treatments: (i) two months after infection, Dox (50 mg/kg) 2x/day for 12 months; (ii) nine months after infection, Bz (3,5 mg/kg) 2x/day for 60 days; (iii) Dox + Bz; and (iv) vehicle. After 14 months of infection, hearts were excised and processed for qPCR analysis of Th1 (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL11), Th2 (CCL1, CCL17, CCL24, and CCL26), Th17 (CCL20) CKs, Th1 (CCR5, CCR6, and CXCR3), and Th2/Th17 (CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8) CKR, as well as IL-17. T. cruzi infection increases CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL10, and CCR5 expression in the heart. Dox, Bz, or Dox + Bz treatments cause a reversal of CK and CKR and reduce the expression of CCL20, IL-17, CCR6, and CXCR3. Our data reveal an immune modulatory effect of Dox with Bz, during the chronic phase of infection suggesting a promising therapy for cardiac protection

EPIDEMIOLOGIA MOLECULAR DE KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE MULTIDROGA RESISTENTE EM HOSPITAIS TERCIÁRIOS NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO

Introdução/Objetivo: Klebsiella pneumoniae é um patógeno oportunista, responsável por causar diversas infecções relacionadas a assistência à saúde. A disseminação de cepas dessa espécie com fenótipo de resistência a múltiplas drogas, tornou-se uma ameaça global, o que faz da vigilância epidemiológica uma abordagem crítica para estimar e combater este fenômeno. Esse estudo analisou os mecanismos de resistência e disseminação de isolados clínicos de K. pneumoniae do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Os isolados foram coletados em dois hospitais da rede pública de saúde de Pernambuco localizados no Sertão e na região metropolitana do Recife, durante 12 meses. A relação filogenética foi analisada por ERIC-PCR (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus – Polymerase Chain Reaction) e as sequências tipo foram determinadas por Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). Os padrões de ERIC foram analisados pelo software PyElph e agrupados por Neighbor Joining. Os determinantes de resistência aos betalactâmicos, quinolonas e aminoglicosídeos foram investigados por PCR convencional e, posteriormente, sequenciados para determinação do perfil alélico e análise de mutações em genes constitutivos associados à resistência a essas drogas. As proteínas de membrana externa (OMPs) das cepas resistentes às cefalosporinas e carbapenêmicos foram avaliadas por SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). Resultados: As análises moleculares de 49 isolados de K. pneumoniae indicaram uma disseminação policlonal de cepas resistentes, de Sequence Types mundialmente disseminados, como ST15 e ST11, carreando mecanismos de resistência aos betalactâmicos, aminoglicosídeos e quinolonas. Genes que codificam determinantes de resistência às penicilinas e cefalosporinas, como as betalactamases blaTEM, blaSHV e blaCTX e aos carbapenêmicos (blaKPC-2 e blaNDM-1), foram predominantes. A resistência às quinolonas nos isolados foi mediada por mutações na Região Determinante de Resistência à Quinolonas dos genes gyrA e parC e pela presença de genes plasmidiais qnrB-1 e qnrS-6. A análise das OMPs por SDS-PAGE indicou uma menor produção de OmpK36 nas cepas resistentes a pelo menos um carbapenêmico. Conclusão: A predominância policlonal de bactérias resistentes no ambiente hospitalar, oportuniza a disseminação horizontal da resistência e o surgimento de linhagens com acúmulo de mecanismos, sinalizando para falhas nas práticas de higienização das unidades de saúde

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora