SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE UPGRADE OF THE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY SETUP

This report describes the hardware and software upgrade of the custom-built photolumi-nescence spectroscopy setup, installed in the Laboratory of Solid State Physics in Ural Federal University. The upgraded setup was tested by recording photoluminescence spectra of some number of objects

Анализ комплаенса и эффективности профилактики острых респираторных инфекций у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких c применением тилорона

The purpose of the study was to analyze drug compliance and efficacy of tilorone in preventing acute exacerbations and improving quality of life (QoL) in patients with moderate to severe COPD and a history of frequent acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). Materials and methods. The study involved patients with moderate to severe COPD (n = 94; 35 females, 59 males; mean age, 61.8 ± 0.7 years). A comprehensive examination of patients included drug compliance assessment with a specially developed scale, clinical and laboratory parameters measured at inclusion and in 12 months. Twenty three patients with high compliance were treated with tilorone. A control group consisted of low-compliant patients who did not give a consent to take tilorone (n = 20). Results. The significant 1.95-fold reduction in ARVI episodes incidence within 12 months was registered in the tilorone group that resulted in reduction in COPD exacerbation and hospitalizations rates, improvement in physical component of QoL and decrease in a cost of the therapy by 84%. Conclusion. Six-week therapy with tilorone 125 mg once a week, two courses annually, aimed at prevention ARVI in patients with moderate to severe COPD and a previous history of frequent ARVI could significantly reduce a rate of ARVI episodes followed by reduction in the rate of acute exacerbations of COPD, hospitalizations due to COPD and in improvement in physical component of QoL. Tilorone did not change lung function and physical tolerance of COPD patients.Частые респираторные инфекции являются одним из факторов, способствующих прогрессированию хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ), при этом около 30 % из них обусловлены вирусами. При тяжелом обострении ХОБЛ может развиться острая дыхательная недостаточность, которая в 1/3 случаев является основной причиной смерти. Таким образом, профилактика обострений ХОБЛ имеет важное медико-социальное значение. Цель. Повышение уровня лечебно-профилактических мероприятий и качества жизни (КЖ) пациентов со среднетяжелой и тяжелой ХОБЛ и частыми острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями (ОРВИ) в анамнезе при помощи анализа уровня медикаментозного комплаенса и эффективной терапии тилороном. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены больные среднетяжелой и тяжелой ХОБЛ (n = 94: 35 женщин и 59 мужчин; средний возраст – 61,8 ± 0,7 года). В комплексное обследование была включена оценка уровня медикаментозного комплаенса по специально разработанной шкале и клинико-инструментальных показателей при включении в исследование и через 12 мес. Больным с высоким уровнем комплаенса (n = 23) был назначен курсовой прием тилорона. Группу контроля составили пациенты (n = 20) с низким уровнем комплаенса, отказавшиеся от приема тилорона. Результаты. При использовании тилорона в 1-й группе в 1,95 раза в течение 12 мес. достоверно снизилась частота ОРВИ, обострений ХОБЛ и госпитализаций, повысился показатель физического компонента КЖ, на 84 % уменьшились затраты на терапию. Заключение. При назначении тилорона в дозе 125 мг 1 раз в неделю в течение 6 нед. (2 курса в год) в качестве средства профилактики ОРВИ в комплексной терапии среднетяжелой и тяжелой ХОБЛ у больных с частыми ОРВИ значимо снижается их частота, и, как следствие, частота обострений ХОБЛ и госпитализаций, повышается показатель физического компонента КЖ. При этом тилорон достоверно не влияет на показатели функции внешнего дыхания и толерантность больных ХОБЛ к физическим нагрузкам

Гемодинамические нарушения при тяжелой черепно-мозговой травме

This study was undertaken to determine the general regularities of hemodynamic disorders in relation to the severity of brain damage for the subsequent development of pathogenetically warranted methods for their correction in the complex of intensive care for severe brain injury. Studies were made in 67 victims, by using neurophysiological studies (electroencephalography, studies of acoustical stem-evoked potentials and somatosensory stem-evoked potentials), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Central hemodynamics was studied by a Sirecust 1260 monitoring system using Swan-Ganz catheters and thermodilution. The overall condition of the victims was regarded as very bad. Loss of consciousness was 8-4 scores by the Glasgow coma scale. The studies have indicated that the victims in whose clinical picture the signs of compression of the cerebral hemispheres dominate over those of the latter’s contusion develop a hemodynamic reaction by the normodynamic type. The hyperdynamic type of hemodynamic disorder develops in cerebral hemispheric and diencephalic lesions with a parallel increase in oxygen transport and uptake; and in severe brain injury, lower brain stem damages are accompanied by hemodynamic disorder by the hypodynamic type with a reduction in oxygen transport and uptake.Целью данного исследования являлось определение общих закономерностей гемодинамических нарушений в зависимости от уровня повреждения головного мозга для последующей разработки патогенетически обоснованных методов их коррекции в комплексе интенсивной терапии тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Исследования проведены у 67 пострадавших с использованием нейрофизиологических методов (ЭЭГ, АСВП, ССВП), компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии. Центральная гемодинамика изучалась с помощью мониторной системы «Sirecust 1260» с использованием катетеров Сван-Ганца и метода термодилюции. Общее состояние пострадавших расценивалось как крайне тяжелое. Степень утраты сознания по шкале ком Глазго — 8-4 баллов. Проведенные исследования показали, что у пострадавших, в клинической картине которых преобладают признаки сдавления полушарий головного мозга над симптомами ушиба последнего, развивается гемодинамическая реакция по нормодинамическому типу. Гипердинамический тип нарушения гемодинамики развивается при полушарных и диэнцефальных уровнях поражения головного мозга с параллельным увеличением кислородного транспорта и потребления кислорода, а нижнестволовые повреждения головного мозга при тяжелой черепно-мозговой травме сопровождаются нарушением гемодинамики по гиподинамическому типу со снижением кислородного транспорта и потребления кислорода

Клинико-морфологические сопоставления как компонент совершенствования врачебного мастерства

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Measurements of Dihadron Correlations Relative to the Event Plane in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV

Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum (\pt) trigger particle are sensitive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium, i.e. jet-quenching. Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to dihadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to \pp\ and \dAu\ collisions. The modification increases with the collision centrality, suggesting a path-length dependence to the jet-quenching effect. This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central (20-60\%) Au+Au collisions at \snn=200~GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane, \phis=|\phit-\psiEP|. The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle \pt. The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow, assuming Zero Yield At Minimum (\zyam), are described. The away-side correlation is strongly modified, and the modification varies with \phis, which is expected to be related to the path-length that the away-side parton traverses. The pseudo-rapidity (\deta) dependence of the near-side correlation, sensitive to long range \deta correlations (the ridge), is also investigated. The ridge and jet-like components of the near-side correlation are studied as a function of \phis. The ridge appears to drop with increasing \phis while the jet-like component remains approximately constant. ...Comment: 50 pages, 39 figures, 6 table

Studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons

We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at RHIC. Pairs of back-to-back high transverse momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, the associated hadron distribution of both trigger sides reveals no modification in either relative pseudo-rapidity or relative azimuthal angle from d+Au to central Au+Au collisions. We determine associated hadron yields and spectra as well as production rates for such correlated back-to-back triggers to gain additional insights on medium properties.Comment: By the STAR Collaboration. 6 pages, 2 figure

Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus

High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the universe microseconds after the Big Bang, and in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high energy accelerator of heavy nuclei is an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus ($^4\bar{He}$), also known as the anti-{\alpha} ($\bar{\alpha}$), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B=-4). It has not been observed previously, although the {\alpha} particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the 10% level. Antimatter nuclei with B < -1 have been observed only as rare products of interactions at particle accelerators, where the rate of antinucleus production in high-energy collisions decreases by about 1000 with each additional antinucleon. We present the observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus, the heaviest observed antinucleus. In total 18 $^4\bar{He}$ counts were detected at the STAR experiment at RHIC in 10$^9$ recorded Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energies of 200 GeV and 62 GeV per nucleon-nucleon pair. The yield is consistent with expectations from thermodynamic and coalescent nucleosynthesis models, which has implications beyond nuclear physics.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Nature. Under media embarg

Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV

We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Xi^{-}$, $\bar{\Xi}^{+}$, $\Omega^{-}$, $\bar{\Omega}^{+}$ particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$ particles in Au+Au at \sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au+Au collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. We find that aspects of the enhancement factors for all particles can be described by a parameterization based on the fraction of participants that undergo multiple collisions

System size and energy dependence of near-side di-hadron correlations

Two-particle azimuthal ($\Delta\phi$) and pseudorapidity ($\Delta\eta$) correlations using a trigger particle with large transverse momentum ($p_T$) in $d$+Au, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{NN}}}$ =\xspace 62.4 GeV and 200~GeV from the STAR experiment at RHIC are presented. The \ns correlation is separated into a jet-like component, narrow in both $\Delta\phi$ and $\Delta\eta$, and the ridge, narrow in $\Delta\phi$ but broad in $\Delta\eta$. Both components are studied as a function of collision centrality, and the jet-like correlation is studied as a function of the trigger and associated $p_T$. The behavior of the jet-like component is remarkably consistent for different collision systems, suggesting it is produced by fragmentation. The width of the jet-like correlation is found to increase with the system size. The ridge, previously observed in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV, is also found in Cu+Cu collisions and in collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{NN}}}$ =\xspace 62.4 GeV, but is found to be substantially smaller at $\sqrt{s_{{NN}}}$ =\xspace 62.4 GeV than at $\sqrt{s_{{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV for the same average number of participants ($\langle N_{\mathrm{part}}\rangle$). Measurements of the ridge are compared to models.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Identified hadron compositions in p+p and Au+Au collisions at high transverse momenta at sNN=200\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 200 GeV

We report transverse momentum ($p_{T} \leq15$ GeV/$c$) spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, $\bar{p}$, $K_{S}^{0}$, and $\rho^{0}$ at mid-rapidity in p+p and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV. Perturbative QCD calculations are consistent with $\pi^{\pm}$ spectra in p+p collisions but do not reproduce $K$ and $p(\bar{p})$ spectra. The observed decreasing antiparticle-to-particle ratios with increasing $p_T$ provide experimental evidence for varying quark and gluon jet contributions to high-$p_T$ hadron yields. The relative hadron abundances in Au+Au at $p_{T}{}^{>}_{\sim}8$ GeV/$c$ are measured to be similar to the p+p results, despite the expected Casimir effect for parton energy loss.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, published at PR