Congenitally deaf children's care trajectories in the context of universal neonatal hearing screening: a qualitative study of the parental experiences

The objective of this study is to examine the early care trajectories of congenitally deaf children from a parental perspective, starting with universal neonatal hearing screenings. The analysis using a three-dimensional care trajectory concept is aimed at developing a basic typology of postscreening care trajectories. Children with severe/profound hearing loss, registered in the Flanders' (Belgium) universal neonatal hearing screening program, born between 1999 and 2001. Thematic content analysis of qualitative data collected retrospectively from participant's parents. Two basic types of care trajectories emerged; based on differences in care-use in the phase of further diagnosis and related parental experiences. Subtypes resulted from events related to cochlear implantation. Five trajectory phases were identified: screening, further diagnosis, care and technology, cochlear implantation, and reduction of care and were characterized by specific parental experiences such as confusion, disbelief, disappointment, and uncertainty. Those experiences relate to care professionals' acts and communication and the child's functional evolution. Early care interventions could benefit from coordinated transition between phases, parent support throughout the care trajectory, and a broad approach to deafness in professionals' communication

Pautas de distribución espacial y modelización mediante SIG del habitat de Larvas de Solea solea, Pleuronectes flesus y limanda en la parte oriental del Canal de la Mancha durante la primavera

The spring distribution of larval fish stages of flatfishes in the Dover Strait (eastern English Channel) was studied in 1995 and 1999. Fish larvae were identified and sorted according to developmental stages in order to study their ontogenic distribution. The French coastal waters are characterised by an unstable tide-dependent front, which influences larval dispersion. In spring, the French coastal waters have a high phytoplanktonic production. They have higher temperatures, lower salinities and differences in current intensity compared with the central English Channel waters. Generalised Additive Models (GAM) combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to model the potential habitats of life stages considering data from three major surveys in this area. The models were developed by coupling presence-absence models with non-null abundance models. The potential habitat of larval stages was then mapped using a geostatistical method (kriging). This revealed different species strategies in which young stages were abundant in central waters and older ones were distributed mainly along the French and Belgian coasts. It is concluded that the central English waters are important for young stages after hatching and that coastal waters are essential nurseries for future juveniles. The models of three flatfish species having similar life cycle strategies are presented here: Limanda limanda, Platichthys flesus and Solea solea.Durante 1995 y 1999 se estudió la distribución primaveral de los estadios larvarios de peces planos en el Estrecho de Dover (parte oriental del Canal de la Mancha).Las larvas de peces fueron identificadas y separadas en función de su estadio de desarrollo con objeto de estudiar su distribución ontogénica. Las aguas costeras francesas se caracterizan por un frente de marea inestable, que influencia la dispersión larvaria. Durante la primavera, dichas aguas presentan una elevada producción fitoplanctónica. Asimismo, presentan altas temperaturas, bajas salinidades y diferencias en la intensidad de la corriente, comparado con las aguas centrales del Canal de la Mancha. A partir de datos obtenidos en tres amplias campañas en este área, se utilizaron Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAM) con Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para modelizar los hábitats potenciales de los estadios larvarios. Los modelos se desarrollaron uniendo modelos de “presencia-ausencia” con modelos de “abundancia no nula”. A continuación, usando métodos geoestadísticos (kriging) se representó el mapa del hábitat potencial de los estadios larvarios. Esto reveló diferencias en las estrategias de aquellas especies cuyos primeros estadios son abundantes en las aguas centrales y cuyos estadios más avanzados están distribuidos principalmente a lo largo de la costa francesa y belga. Se mostró la importancia de las aguas centrales del Canal de la Mancha para las larvas lecitotróficas, y como las aguas costeras son áreas de cría esenciales para los futuros juveniles. Aquí se presentan los modelos para tres especies de peces planos que tienen estrategias de vida similares: Limanda limanda, Platichthys flesus and Solea solea

Broad-scale distribution of the winter protozooplankton community in the North Sea.

Protozooplankton (PZP) (here size range: 12–200 μm) are rarely sampled over a broad scale, especially in ecosystem monitoring programs, despite their trophodynamic importance as grazers in the microbial loop and as prey for larger zooplankton and early life stages of fish. In this study we sampled PZP from Dutch, French,German and Norwegian research vessels taking part in the annual ICES coordinated International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) which provides data on fish stock abundances and status for the entire North Sea. The abundance,biomass, composition and distribution of PZP were examined at 39 stations across the North Sea (from 3.2°W to 7.6°E and 50.5 to 59.8°N) in mid-winter (January–February 2014), a period of the year which is under-investigated so far. Twenty four taxa of dinoflagellates and ciliates were identified. Two groups comprised 89% of the total abundance of PZP: Gymnodinium spp. and other athecate dinoflagellates (68%) and Strombidium spp. and other naked ciliates (21%). The biomass of PZP at each station ranged between 0.08 and 2.4 μg C L−1, which is much lower than that reported for spring or summer (≥100 μg C L−1) in the North Sea. Relatively small-sized (< 40 μm) PZP contributed 46% of the total biomass. No significant spatial pattern in the composition of the PZP community was found, although the total abundance of tintinnids was highest in the southern North Sea, an important over-wintering area for marine fish larvae. Using this fish survey (IBTS) as a sampling platform allowed us to obtain a synoptic view of the PZP community over a large area. The present collaborative effort provides an example of how existing monitoring platforms can be augmented in the future to collect relevant data and potential ecological indicators needed to advance the ecosystem-based approach to managing marine systems.Broad-scale distribution of the winter protozooplankton community in the North Sea.publishedVersio

Control of the spatial distribution of the spawning habitat of fish populations a multi-model approach (applied to North Sea plaice and whiting and bay of Biscay anchoy)

La reproduction est une phase importante du cycle de vie des poissons car elle assure le renouvellement du nombre d individus dans la population. La détermination des facteurs qui influencent sa dynamique spatiale est donc un point capital car elle va affecter le succès de la reproduction. Une approche multi-modèles a été développée afin d identifier les facteurs contrôlant la distribution spatiale des adultes reproducteurs pour la plie et le merlan de Mer du Nord et pour l anchois du golfe de Gascogne. Les modèles additifs généralisés ont été utilisés pour relier la présence-absence des individus et leurs abondances aux différentes hypothèses de contrôle externes (position géographique et environnement) et internes à la population (dépendance spatiale, taille, structure en âge et mémoire). Les modèles construits ont été classés en fonction de leur aptitude à refléter les distributions observées. Les hypothèses de contrôle importantes ont alors été identifiées à partir des meilleurs modèles. L habitat de reproduction montre une structuration très importante dans l espace. L approche multi-modèles révèle (1) l influence de l environnement sur l occupation des zones de reproduction et (2) le degré d abondance avec lequel ces zones sont occupées est déterminé par des facteurs internes à la population. La persistance dans le temps de la structuration spatiale de la reproduction est facilitée par un attachement des individus à leur site de reproduction. Celui ci est plus fort pour des bentho-démersaux comme la plie et le merlan que pour un pélagique comme l anchois.PARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocPARIS-Museum-Bib. d'ichtyologie (751052306) / SudocSudocFranceF

Understanding what controls the spatial distribution of fish populations using a multi-model approach

Understanding and predicting the distribution of organisms in heterogeneous environments lies at the heart of ecology. The spatial distribution of fish populations observed in the wild results from the complex interactions of multiple controls both external or internal to the fish populations. Whilst species distribution models (SDMs) have been mostly concerned with static description of species distribution as a function of environmental constraints, models of animal movements (MAMs) have focussed on the dynamic nature of spatial distribution of groups of individuals under a number of constraints external and internal to the population. Besides SDMs and MAMs, modelling the spatial distribution of fish populations can be achieved by models that are fundamentally static (like SDMs) but can also incorporate many hypotheses on the control of fish spatial distribution (like MAMs). The hypotheses underlying these models need to make sense at the population level - rather than at the individual or species level –we term these ‘population distribution models’ (PDMs). PDMs are statistical models that rely on several hypotheses, which include: (i) control through geographical attachment, (ii) environmental conditions, (iii) density-dependent habitat selection, (iv) spatial dependency, (v) population demographic structure, (vi) species interactions and (vii) population memory. We review the basis behind each of these conceptual models and we examine corresponding numerical applications. We argue that the conceptual models are complementary rather than competing, that existing numerical applications are still rarely compared and combined, and that PDMs can offer a statistical framework to achieve this. We recommend that the numerical models associated with different hypotheses be constructed within such a common general framework. This will permit evaluation, comparison and combination of the multiple hypotheses on fish spatial distribution. It will ultimately lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors controlling the spatial distribution of fish populations and to more accurate predictions in which model uncertainty is accounted for

Surveillance Écologique et Halieutique Site de Gravelines. Novembre 2013 - Octobre 2014

This is the 37th annual surveillance report concerning the nuclear power plant of Gravelines. Its very high power level results from six plant units located on the shore and is characterised by a cooling system with a coastal surface input and output. The production of electricity began in 1980 and reached maximum in 1986. Surveys concern monitoring of pelagic system (hydrology, microbiology, phytoplankton, and zooplankton), fish populations (larvae and eggs of Sole and Sprat) or crustaceans (shrimps), and benthic macrofauna (intertidal and subtidal). This survey deals with spatial and temporal approaches (i) study of the direct impact by comparison of the input and output seawater stations, (ii) study of medium and long term evolution of the area by comparison with a reference station.Ce travail constitue le 37e rapport de surveillance du site électronucléaire de Gravelines dont la grande puissance énergétique est assurée par le fonctionnement de 6 tranches. Ce site, implanté sur le littoral, présente une prise d’eau de mer assurant le refroidissement du système et un rejet côtier d’eau chaude en surface. Le fonctionnement de la centrale a débuté en 1980 et elle a atteint la puissance maximale en 1986. La surveillance concerne les domaines pélagique (hydrologie, microbiologie, phytoplancton, zooplancton), halieutique (larves et œufs de Sole, de Sprat et crevettes grises), et benthique (intertidal et subtidal). La stratégie de surveillance est basée sur une approche spatiale et temporelle (i) Etude de l’impact immédiat par comparaison de la station « Prise d’eau » et de la station « Canal de rejet » sur une surface limitée (ii) Etude de l’évolution à moyen ou à long terme du milieu marin par rapport à une situation de référence (échelle locale)

Annual cycle of distribution of three ice-associated copepods along the coast near Dumont d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Antarctica)

In polar regions sea ice is a site of enhanced primary production during winter and provides important habitat for small grazers, such as copepods. We sampled zooplankton from the sea ice and water column throughout 2005, near Dumont d'Urville station (Terre Adelie, Antarctica). Three species of ice-associated copepods were found: two calanoid copepods Paralabidocera antarctica and Stephos longipes and the harpacticoid copepod Drescheriella glacialis. R antarctica was the most abundant of the three and was closely associated with the sea ice during most of the year. This species had a one year life cycle with a probable over-wintering period in the sea ice as nauplii and a short copepodite phase in spring. Reproduction and spawning occurred in early summer. A comparison with two other populations (near Syowa and Davis stations) along the east coast of Antarctica showed that there was a temporal shift in the life cycles of the three populations, which was linked to variability in sea ice conditions. D. glacialis was the second most abundant copepod and was more common during the winter than during summer, indicating its preference for the sea ice habitat. In autumn, the presence of D. glocialis in the deeper part of the water column suggested that this species colonised the sea ice from the benthos. S. longipes was found only in the water column near Dumont d'Urville and was not very abundant. In Terre Adelie particular environmental conditions, such as the absence of a permanent sea ice zone throughout the year, a longer time of open water, strong katabatic winds and the presence of polynyas, have influenced both the abundance and distribution of the three common ice-associated copepods. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Surveillance écologique du site de production électronucléaire de Gravelines Novembre 2011– Octobre 2012

This is the 35th annual surveillance report concerning the nuclear power plant of Gravelines. Its very high power level results from six plant units located on the shore and is characterised by a cooling system with a coastal surface input and output. The production of electricity began in 1980 and reached maximum in 1986. Surveys concern monitoring of pelagic system (hydrology, microbiology, phytoplankton, and zooplankton), fish populations (larvae and eggs of Sole and Sprat) or crustaceans (shrimps), and benthic macrofauna (intertidal and subtidal). This survey deals with spatial and temporal approaches (i) study of the direct impact by comparison of the input and output seawater stations, (ii) study of medium and long term evolution of the area by comparison with a reference station.Ce travail constitue le 35e rapport de surveillance du site électronucléaire de Gravelines dont la grande puissance énergétique est assurée par le fonctionnement de 6 tranches. Ce site, implanté sur le littoral, présente une prise d’eau de mer assurant le refroidissement du système et un rejet côtier d’eau chaude en surface. Le fonctionnement de la centrale a débuté en 1980 et elle a atteint la puissance maximale en 1986. La surveillance concerne les domaines pélagique (hydrologie, microbiologie, phytoplancton, zooplancton), halieutique (larves et œufs de Sole, de Sprat et crevettes grises), et benthique (intertidal et subtidal). La stratégie de surveillance est basée sur une approche spatiale et temporelle (i) Etude de l’impact immédiat par comparaison de la station « Prise d’eau » et de la station « Canal de rejet » sur une surface limitée (ii) Etude de l’évolution à moyen ou à long terme du milieu marin par rapport à une situation de référence (échelle locale)