The politics of commercial transition: Factional conflict in Dahomey in the context of the ending of the Atlantic slave trade

In 1858, after a reign of forty years, King Gezo of Dahomey died and was succeeded by one of his sons called Badahun, who took the royal name of Glele by which he is more generally known. Badahun had been Gezo's designated heir apparent for at least nine years prior to this but his accession to the throne was nevertheless challenged. The name Glele which he adopted alludes to these challenges, being according to Dahomian tradition abbreviated from the aphorism Glelile ma nh oh n ze, `You cannot take away a farm [gle] ', meaning that he would not allow anyone to appropriate the fruits of his labours, which is explained as expressing `his contempt for the attacks to which he had been exposed as heir apparent'

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: A Scoping Review

Background & Objective: Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most common reasons for ED visits among children ages 0-18 were acute upper respiratory infections and asthma, a chronic disease that causes narrowing and swelling in the airways of the lungs. Asthma has various triggers, one of the most common being respiratory tract infections that further impair the airways (Busse et al., 2010). Caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 infection is associated with respiratory symptoms including shortness of breath, congestion, coughing, and sore throat. While there was a sharp decline in the number of total pediatric ED after the pandemic onset, there was also a significant reduction in those related to childhood asthma, an unexpected and seemingly paradoxical outcome. The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate and characterize research focused on pediatric asthma ED visits after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines was completed. After consultation with a university librarian, 3 databases (Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed) were searched using key terms of asthma, emergency/emergency department/emergency room, COVID/coronavirus/pandemic, and pediatric. Both authors conducted searches, then met to review articles to determine eligibility for inclusion and extract relevant information. Articles were included if they were data-based research studies examining ED trends between 2019 and 2022 related to asthma exacerbation in children. Results: Of the 187 articles identified, 43 met inclusion criteria. All but one were retrospective studies; one was a prospective cohort study. All but one study demonstrated a significant decline in pediatric ED asthma visits during the pandemic compared to years prior. Many reductions aligned with periods of lockdown and school closures implemented during 2019 and 2020, with authors concluding that stay-at-home mitigation strategies likely resulted in avoidance of pollen exposures and a resultant decrease in asthma symptomatology. Four studies associated declines in asthma-related pediatric ED visits with improvements in air quality. One study noted children experienced fewer upper respiratory tract infections and febrile episodes that were associated with decreased incidence of asthma exacerbation. Conclusion: Despite the respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, global pediatric asthma ED visits were significantly reduced during the pandemic

Commémoration de la Traite Atlantique à Ouidah

This paper considers local memory and commemoration of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in Ouidah. It is shown that originally the slave trade was remembered in Ouidah essentially positively, as a source of material benefits, and there was open acknowledgement of the role of local agency in the operation of the trade. The Musée d’Histoire established in 1967 shifted the emphasis to the cultural interactions with the Americas (especially Brazil) which resulted from the slave trade, but still maintained an essentially celebratory attitude. The ‘Slave Route’ project initiated in 1992/3, however, again shifted the focus to the sufferings of the enslaved victims, and hence to a more negative view of the trade. There remained elements of continuity, however, in the continued acknowledgement of African agency and interest in Africa’s relationship with its American Diaspora.Ce texte porte sur la mémoire locale et la commémoration de la traite transatlantique à Ouidah. À l’origine, le commerce d’esclaves à Ouidah était associé à une mémoire positive, appréhendé comme source de profits matériels, et le rôle des autochtones dans l’organisation de ce commerce était clairement reconnu. Le Musée d’Histoire créé en 1967 mit l’accent sur les échanges culturels avec les Amériques (en particulier le Brésil) occasionnés par la traite, tout en continuant à la célébrer. Mais avec le projet de la «Route de l’Esclave» lancé en 1992/3, l’attention s’est recentrée sur les souffrances des victimes de l’esclavage, et donc sur une vision plus négative de la traite. On continue cependant à reconnaître la place de l’Afrique et de son intérêt pour les relations entre l’Afrique et sa diaspora américaine

The Future of the National Parks: Recreating the Alliance Between Commerce and Conservation

23 p. ; 28 cmhttps://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies/1122/thumbnail.jp

The Future of the National Parks: Recreating the Alliance Between Commerce and Conservation

23 p. ; 28 cmhttps://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies/1122/thumbnail.jp

INTERRACIAL VIOLENCE AND RACIALIZED NARRATIVES: DISCOVERING THE ROAD LESS TRAVELED

Abstract: This article question the underlying assumptions and, therefore, potential effectiveness of Anthony Alfieri's recent essay, "Defending Racial Violence. Alfieri's proposal, in the form of an enforceable rule, would likely wind up on a collision course with principles underlying the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The article demonstrates the level of confusion that develops from rules that too easily or arbitrarily frustrate the legitimate interests of attorneys and clients in pursuing the best criminal defense. It also recommends providing carefully constructed, simulated exercises for classroom dialogue in ethics courses as a viable, alternative method for introducing a race - conscious ethic to young lawyers that does not run afoul of basic constitutional freedoms. The article disagrees with Alfieri's conclusion that "defense lawyers find scarce opportunity to contest the dominant narratives embedded in laws, institutional practices, and legal relations, even when those narratives inscribe negative racial stereotypes." The article concludes that the history and evolution of the entire system of criminal justice in this country dictates greater reliance upon mainstream prescriptions of neutrality rather than race-conscious rules and affirm that on questions concerning injury to black America's social identity, critics like Alfieri usually fail to consider just how broad the range of race-based assumptions are that ground representations of moral agency.Keywords: Racialized narratives. Criminal justice system. Race relations in the United States

Reproductive Failure in UK Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena : Legacy of Pollutant Exposure?

This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the Seventh European Community Framework Programme (Project Cetacean-stressors, PIOF-GA-2010-276145 to PDJ and SM). Additional funding was provided through the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS) (Grants SSFA/2008 and SSFA / ASCOBANS / 2010 / 5 to SM). Analysis of Scottish reproductive and teeth samples was funded by the EC-funded BIOCET project (BIOaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in small CETaceans in European waters: transport pathways and impact on reproduction, grant EVK3-2000-00027 to GJP), and Marine Scotland (GJP). Samples examined in this research were collected under the collaborative Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (http://ukstrandings.org/), which is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the UK’s Devolved Administrations in Scotland and Wales (http://sciencesearch.defra.gov.uk/Defaul​t.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=No​ne&Completed=0&ProjectID=15331) (grants to PDJ, RD). UK Defra also funded the chemical analysis under a service-level agreement with the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (grants to RJL, JB). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bis(6′-carb­oxy-2,2′-bipyridine-6-carboxyl­ato-κ3 N,N′,O 6)nickel(II) tetra­hydrate

In the title compound, [Ni(C12H7N2O4)2]·4H2O, the Ni atom is located at the centre of a distorted octa­hedron, formed by four N atoms and two O atoms from the same two tridentating chelated 6-carb­oxy-2,2′-bipyridine-6′-carboxyl­ate (L) ligands. Face-to-face π-stacking inter­actions between inversion-related pyridine rings with centroid–centroid distances of 3.548 (3) and 3.662 (3) Å (perpendicular distances between the respective rings are 3.314 and 3.438 Å) are found. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between water mol­ecules and L ligands form R 5 3(10), R 6 5(14) and R 5 5(12) rings and also a centrosymmetric cage-like unit of water mol­ecules, which link eight adjacent NiII centers, forming a three-dimensional framework