Degree of knowledge of primary care nursing professional on prevention and treatment of chronic wounds of venous etiology. Descriptive study

RESUMEN: Las heridas de las extremidades inferiores constituyen un importante problema de salud pública. Su abordaje representa una importante carga de trabajo tanto en términos de tiempo como de costes, principalmente en el primer nivel asistencial. La úlcera venosa (UV) es la herida cutánea crónica más prevalente en consultas de Atención Primaria (AP). Las enfermeras que atienden a personas con úlceras en las piernas juegan un papel clave en la en la resolución de esta problemática de salud. Se ha demostrado que las enfermeras tienen lagunas de conocimiento en el cuidado de enfermería de úlcera venosa de la pierna. Existe la necesidad de aumentar el conocimiento sobre la UV, su prevención y cuidados de Enfermería. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de conocimiento de las enfermeras de Atención Primaria sobre prevención y tratamiento de heridas crónicas de etiología venosa. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con enfoque analítico. Las poblaciones de estudio serán profesionales de enfermería de una dirección asistencial de Atención Primaria de Madrid, que realicen su actividad asistencial en los centros de salud del ámbito de estudio. Se espera acceder al total de la población. El instrumento a utilizar será un cuestionario de valoración de conocimientos autocumplimentado, con opciones de respuesta predefinidas, realizando una prueba piloto con una muestra pequeña para valorar aspectos de comprensión e interpretación de las preguntas. Se plantea un análisis teniendo en cuenta las variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la formación previa y experiencia en AP y construir un modelo de regresión lineal o logística para explorar asociaciones. Plan de Trabajo: El proyecto de investigación se llevará a cabo en el periodo de un año desde octubre de 2020 a octubre de 2021.Constará de tres partes: Una fase inicial con la presentación del proyecto y pilotaje inicial, una central con la puesta en marcha y recogida de datos y una fase final donde se realizará el análisis y se extraerán los resultados.ABSTRACT: Lower extremity injuries are a major public health problem. Its approach represents an important workload both in terms of time and costs, mainly at the first level of care. Venous ulcer is the most prevalent chronic skin wound in Primary Care consultations. Nurses who care for people with leg ulcers, play a key role in the resolution of this health problem. Nurses have been shown to have gaps in nursing care of venous leg ulcers. There is a need to increase knowledge about VU, its prevention and nursing care. Objective: To know the degree of knowledge of the Primary Care nurses about prevention and treatment of chronic wounds of venous etiology. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study with an analytical approach. The study populations will be nursing professionals from a primary health care department in Madrid, who carry out their health care activities in the health centers of the study area. The total population is expected to be accessed. The instrument to be used will be a self-completed knowledge assessment questionnaire, with predefined response options, conducting a pilot test with a small sample to assess comprehension and interpretation aspects of the questions. An analysis is proposed taking into account the sociodemographic variables and related to previous training and experience in PC and to build a linear or logistic regression model to explore associations. Working plan: The research project will be carried out in a period of one year from October 2020 to October 2021. It will consist of three parts: An initial phase with the presentation of the project and initial piloting, a plant with the commissioning and collection of data and a final phase where the analysis will be carried out and the results will be extracted.Máster en Gestión Integral e Investigación de las Heridas Crónica

Characterization and deslignication of Dictyota dichotoma

Motivation: Algae, with more than 27,000 species, includes a great variety of aquatic organisms with a high ecological importance. Every yearthousands tons of sea waste are acumulated on the shore. Consequently some investigations are recently focused on its potential as raw material for animal food, bioethanol or cellulose extraction among others. Currently there are not many studies about the use of these wastes for cellulose extraction. The objetive of this project is to characterize the algae Dictyota dichotoma.and compare two different deslignification treatments.Methods: The characterization of the specie Dictyota dichotoma, seaweed was carried out, in order to determinate the composition of benzene ethanol extractables, ashes, hot water solubility, lignin, holocellulose and alfa-cellulose.On the other hand, the diference between two chemical treataments for the delignification of D. dichotoma was studied using NaOH, antraqinone and H2O2 or NaCl2O. Also an experimental designwas carried out taking into account the effect of five independent variables( time, temperature, antraqinone, NaOH and H2O2 or NaCl2O) on whiteness..Results: The obtained results allow to conclude that Dictyota dichotoma presents a low content in lignin, with 16.07%.Conclusions: The study demonstrates that D.dichotoma is an adequate alternative as raw material for papermaking due to its low content of lignin (16%)in comparison with other vegetables terrestrial species which facilitates cellulose extraction. Moreover this algae present elevate contents in cellulose (34,8% of holocollulose and 30,6% of alpha-cellulose) and its extraction can be carried out using clean technologies

Inclusion of a Furin Cleavage Site Enhances Antitumor Efficacy against Colorectal Cancer Cells of Ribotoxin α-Sarcin- or RNase T1-Based Immunotoxins

Immunotoxins are chimeric molecules that combine the specificity of an antibody to recognize and bind tumor antigens with the potency of the enzymatic activity of a toxin, thus, promoting the death of target cells. Among them, RNases-based immunotoxins have arisen as promising antitumor therapeutic agents. In this work, we describe the production and purification of two new immunoconjugates, based on RNase T1 and the fungal ribotoxin α-sarcin, with optimized properties for tumor treatment due to the inclusion of a furin cleavage site. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, ribonucleolytic activity studies, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and cell viability assays were carried out for structural and in vitro functional characterization. Our results confirm the enhanced antitumor efficiency showed by these furin-immunotoxin variants as a result of an improved release of their toxic domain to the cytosol, favoring the accessibility of both ribonucleases to their substrates. Overall, these results represent a step forward in the design of immunotoxins with optimized properties for potential therapeutic application in vivo

Modelización de mercados oligopolistas: El caso de madera para suelos. España 1994-2012

Los indicadores económicos clave de la industria de los suelos de madera muestran un reducido (cuatro) número de competidores, un alto grado de concentración industrial entre las principales empresas y barreras importantes, que bloquean efectivamente la entrada de nuevos fabricantes. Este trabajo estudia modelizar el comportamiento de los cuatro principales productores (dos de parqué tradicional y dos de tarima flotante) y de los consumidores de tres tipos de suelos de madera describiendo un panorama estratégico con resultados diferentes en función del tipo de suelo (Roble básico, Roble selecto y Jatoba). Los resultados del análisis de demanda muestran que las elasticidades respecto al precio propio son relativamente altas, por lo que los productores corren el riesgo de disminuir gravemente sus cuotas de mercado, si elevan sus precios en solitario. Además, a los consumidores les cuesta distinguir entre los bienes, altamente homogéneos, de los dos productores de tarima y los dos productores de parqué. En relación al análisis de oferta, los productores de Roble fijan precios en el mismo sentido, siendo el primer productor un líder. Por contra, en el mercado de la Jatoba existe una mayor rivalidad entre los tres primeros productores, debido a la búsqueda de cuota de mercado y realizan modificaciones de precio en sentido contrarioThe key economic indicators of the wood flooring industry show a reduced (four) number of competitors, a high degree of industrial concentration among the main companies and significant barriers, which effectively block the entry of new manufacturers. This paper models the behavior of the four main producers (two of traditional parquet and two of floating pallet) and the consumers of three types of wooden floors describing a strategic panorama with different results depending on the type of soil (Basic oak, Select oak and Jatoba). The results of the demand analysis show that the price elasticities are relatively high, so that the producers run the risk of seriously reducing their market shares, if they raise their prices alone. In addition, consumers find it difficult to distinguish between the highly homogeneous goods of the two pallet producers and the two parquet producers. In relation to the offer analysis, the producers of oak set prices in the same sense, being the first producer a leader. On the other hand, in the Jatoba market there is a greater competence among the first three producers, due to the search for market share and make price changes in the opposite directio

Identification of low energy neutral and charged cosmic ray events in large wide field observatorie

The lower energy thresholds of large wide-field gamma-ray observatories are often determined by their capability to deal with the very low-energy cosmic ray background. In fact, in observatories with areas of tens or hundreds of thousands of square meters, the number of background events generated by the superposition of random, very low energy cosmic rays is huge and may exceed by far the possible signal events. In this article, we argue that a trigger strategy based on pattern recognition of the shower front can significantly reject the background, keeping a good efficiency and a good angular accuracy (few square degrees) for gamma rays with energies as low as tens of GeV. In this way, alerts can be followed or emitted within time lapses of the order of the second, enabling wide-field gamma-ray observatories to better contribute to global multi-messenger networks of astrophysical observatories.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figure

Fuel sources, natural vegetation and subsistence at a high-altitude aboriginal settlement in Tenerife, Canary Islands: Microcontextual geoarchaeological data from Roques de García Rockshelter

High-altitude island environments, with their characteristic strong seasonal contrast and limited resources, are challenging contexts for human subsistence. However, although archaeological contexts in this kind of setting hold great potential to explore the diversity of human biological and cultural adaptations, such sites are rare. In this paper, we present the results of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study carried out at Rogues de Garcia Rockshelter, the highest altitude cave archaeological site in the Canary Islands (Spain). The site was inhabited by the aboriginal population of the island and has yielded a rich archaeological context derived from combustion activity. We carried out soil micromorphology to characterize site function and lipid biomarker analysis to investigate the natural and anthropogenic organic record. Our data indicate that the aboriginal groups that occupied the site kept goats with them (in the rockshelter) and probably used Juniperus turbinata (sabina) wood, a current distant fuel source. These results suggest that the aboriginal societies of Tenerife occupied the highlands regularly, taking their herds and firewood with them. Further research is necessary to explore the use and exploitation of fuel sources, the seasonality of these occupations and their differences with lowland sites.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quartz crystallite size and moganite content as indicators of the mineralogical maturity of the carboniferous chert: the case of cherts from Eastern Asturias (Spain)

Chert samples from different coastal and inland outcrops in the Eastern Asturias (Spain) were mineralogically investigated for the first time for archaeological purposes. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and total organic carbon techniques were used. The low content of moganite, since its detection by X-ray diffraction is practically imperceptible, and the crystallite size (over 1000 Å) of the quartz in these cherts would be indicative of its maturity and could potentially be used for dating chert-tools recovered from archaeological sites. Also, this information can constitute essential data to differentiate the cherts and compare them with those used in archaeological tools. However, neither composition nor crystallite size would allow distinguishing between coastal and inland chert outcrops belonging to the same geological formations.This research was funded by the Spanish State Plan for R+D, grant number HAR2017–82557-

The effect of natural and organophilic palygorskite on skin wound healing in rats

In view of growing interest in natural treatments, clays would appear to be a good alternative for speeding up the healing process during the treatment of wounds. Of the various clays, palygorskite, a clay from the Brazilian State of Piauí, composed of silicon and aluminum, has shown itself to be pharmaceutically useful as a healing agent. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect on the healing of wounds of Piauí palygorskite, both in its natural state and when organophilic, by way of comparative analysis of macroscopic and histological tests on skin wounds in adult male and female two-month-old Wistar rats. To this end, a circular trichotomy of the dorsal cornus of the rats was carried out to confirm the effects of treatments involving 0.9% saline solution, collagenase, natural palygorskite, organophilic palygorskite with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and organophilic palygorskite with alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. The testing of all the clays involved microbiological evaluation using the depth of plaque and surface striation methods, along with post-treatment macroscopic analysis of skin wounds by way of organoleptics, pachymetry and histological analysis. Microbiological evaluation revealed the need for sterilization of the clay prior to incorporation in the pharmaceutical form. Macroscopic analysis suggests that healing of the wounded area occurred, and histological analysis showed the beneficial effect of the topical use of clay material. Our data suggest that palygorskite may be more powerful than other healing agents, although, on completing treatment, all the animals studied showed the same degree of tissue repair.Devido ao crescente interesse da população pelos tratamentos naturais, as argilas representam uma boa alternativa para a aceleração da cicatrização durante o tratamento de feridas. Dentre as argilas, a paligorsquita, uma argila piauiense, devido à sua composição com silício e alumínio, demonstra certa aplicabilidade farmacêutica como agente cicatrizante. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a ação cicatrizante da paligorsquita piauiense em sua forma natural e organofilizadas por meio da análise comparativa da macroscopia e dos exames histológicos em feridas cutâneas de ratos machos e fêmeas Wistar adultos com 2 meses de idade. Para tanto, foram realizadas tricotomia circular no corno dorsal dos ratos para verificar os efeitos dos tratamentos realizados com solução salina 0,9%, colagenase, paligorsquita natural, paligorsquita organofilizada por cloreto de cetiltrimetilamônio e paligorsquita organofilizada por cloreto de alquildimetilbenzilamônio. Para todas as argilas testadas foi feita a avaliação microbiológica pelo método de plaqueamento em profundidade e do método de estrias em superfície, bem como foi realizada após tratamento, a análise macroscópica das feridas cutâneas por meio organoléptico, medição em paquímetro e análise histológica. Por meio da avaliação microbiológica foi detectada a necessidade de esterilização da argila para posterior incorporação na forma farmacêutica. A análise macroscópica sugere que houve cicatrização da área lesionada, bem como a análise histológica demonstrou efeito benéfico após o uso tópico do material argiloso. Nossos dados sugerem que a paligorsquita pode exercer um maior efeito cicatrizante em relação aos demais tratamentos, embora após o término deste tratamento, todos os animais analisados apresentaram a mesma reparação tecidual

EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “non - fermentable ” carbohydrates and maintenance of tooth mineralisation by decreasing tooth demineralisation pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Following an application from Roquette Frères, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of France, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Nutriose® which should replace “fermentable carbohydrates” in foods or beverages in order to obtain the claimed effect, i.e. maintenance of tooth mineralisation by reducing tooth demineralisation. From the information provided, the Panel noted that the main characteristic of carbohydrates which is relevant to the claimed effect is the rate and amount of acid production resulting from their fermentation by saccharolytic bacteria in the oral cavity. This Opinion applies to “non-fermentable” carbohydrates, which should replace “fermentable” carbohydrates in foods or beverages in order to obtain the claimed effect. The Panel considers that maintaining tooth mineralisation by reducing tooth demineralisation resulting from acid production in plaque caused by the fermentation of carbohydrates is a beneficial physiological effect. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of foods/beverages containing “fermentable” carbohydrates at an exposure frequency of four or more times daily and an increased tooth demineralisation, and that the consumption of foods/beverages containing “non-fermentable” carbohydrates instead of “fermentable” carbohydrates may maintain tooth mineralisation by decreasing tooth demineralisation. In order to bear the claim, “fermentable” carbohydrates should be replaced in foods or beverages by “non-fermentable” carbohydrates, so that consumption of such foods or beverages does not lower plaque pH below 5.7 during and up to 30 minutes after consumption, and does not lead to dental erosion