103 research outputs found

    Blood Pressure And Cardiac Autonomic Modulation At Rest, During Exercise And Recovery Time In The Young Overweight

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    This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold-HRVT (r=-0.46), %HRR2' (r=-0.48) and %HRR 5′ (r=-0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR2' (r=-0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.221273

    Body Proportions In Children And Adolescents With Down's Syndrome

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    The present study aimed to evaluate the body proportions of sitting height and leg length in children and adolescents with Down's syndrome (DS). The sample consisted of 99 individuals with DS (40 girls with an average age of 11.45 ± 2.6 years and 59 boys with an average age of 12.07 ± 3.0 years). The following parameters were studied: chronological age, height, sitting height and leg length. The body proportions of each segment were calculated using body indices and the Phantom model. For the statistical analysis, the normality test and descriptive analyses of central tendency and dispersion were performed, and Student's t-test was used. For all treatments, the statistical software program SPSS version 13.0 was used, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. The body proportion of the upper and lower segments of children and adolescents with DS differed from those of the typical population in terms of leg length, whereas the seated height values of individuals with DS †were similar to those of individuals without DS.232198202Roizen, N.J., Patterson, D., Down's syndrome (2003) Lancet, 12 (361), pp. 1281-9Sugayama, S.M.M., Kim, C.A., Anormalidades Cromossômicas Chromosomal abnormalities In: Setian (2002) N. Endocrinologia Pediátrica - Aspectos físicos e metabólicos do recémnascido ao adolescente. São Paulo: Editora Sarvier, pp. 638-639Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C., Gelbart, W., Introdução a Genética Introduction to genetics (2006) Guanabara Koogan, p. 534Licastro, F., Mariani, R.A., Faldella, G., Carpene, E., Guidicini, G., Rangoni, A., Immune endocrine status and coelic disease in children with Down's Syndrome: relationships with zinc and cognitive efficiency (2001) Brain Res Bull, 2 (55), pp. 313-17Coelho, C.R.Z., Loevy, H.T., Odontological aspects of Down's syndrome (1986) ARS Curandi Odontol, 3 (8), pp. 9-16Mugayar, L.R.F., Pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais: manual de odontologia e saúde oral [Patients with special needs: Manual of dentistry and oral health] (2000) São Paulo: Pancast, 13Cronk, C., Crocker, A.C., Pueschel, S.M., Shea, A.M., Zackai, E., Growth charts for children with Down syndrome: 1 month to 18 years of age (1988) Pediatrics, 1 (81), pp. 102-110Myrelid, A., Gustafsson, J., Ollars, B., Annerén, G., Growth charts for Down' syndrome from birth to 18 years of age (2002) Arch Dis Child., 2 (87), pp. 97-103Kimura, J., Tachibana, K., Imaizumi, K., Kurosawa, K., Kuroki, Y., Londitudinal growth and height velocity of Japanese children with Down's Syndrome (2003) Acta Paediatr, 9 (92), pp. 1039-1042Rarick, G.L., Seefeldt, V., Observations from Longitudinal Data on Growth in Stature and Sitting Height of Children with Down's Syndrome (1974) J Ment Defic Res, 1 (18), pp. 63-78Ross, W.D., Wilson, N.C., A stratagem for proportional growth assessment (1974) Acta Pediátrica, 1 (28), pp. 169-182De la Rosa, F.J.B., Rodriguez-añez, C.R., O estudo das características físicas do homem por meio da proporcionalidade [The study of the physical characteristics of men by means of proportionality] (2002) Rev Bras Cine Des Hum, 1 (4), pp. 53-66Guedes, D.T., Guedes, J.E.R.P., Manual prático para avaliação em Educação Física [Practical manual for evaluation in physical education] (2006) Editora Manole, pp. 153-4Jaswal, S., Jaswal, I.J.S., An anthropometric study of body size in Down syndrome (1981) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 48 (1), pp. 81-84Hughes, P.C.R., Ribeiro, J., Hughes, I.A., Body proportions in Turner's Syndrome (1986) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 61, pp. 506-517Baldin, A.D., Armani, M.C.A., Morcillo, A.M., Lemos-Marini, S.H.V., Baptista, M.T.M., Maciel-Guerra, A.T., Guerra Júnior, G., Proporçñes corporais em um grupo de pacientes brasileiras com Síndrome de Turner [Body proportions in a group of Brazilian patients with Turner syndrome] (2005) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 49 (4), pp. 529-535Arnell, H., Gustafsson, J., Ivarsson, S.A., Annerén, G., Growth and pubertal development in Down syndrome (1996) Acta Paediatr, 9, pp. 1102-6Annerén, G., Tuvemo, T., Carlsson-Skwirut, C., Lönnerholm, T., Bang, P., Sara, V.R., Gustafsson, J., Growth hormone treatment in young children with Down's Syndrome: effects on growth and psychomotor development (1999) Arch Dis Child, 80, pp. 334-338Gorla, J.I., Duarte, E., Costa, L.T., Fabia, F., Crescimento de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down - uma breve revisão de literature [Growth of children and adolescents with Down syndrome -a brief literature review] (2011) Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum, 13 (3), pp. 230-23

    Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Applied To The Study Of Clay Soils

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    The study of clay soils using photoacoustic spectroscopy was presented. The observation of the photoacoustic spectra showed the transition bands associated with Fe3+ ions in octahedral or tetrahedral symmetry. Rietveld refinements showed that the Al3+ cations were partially substituted by the Fe3+ cations in the octahedral states of kaolinite structure.741 II355357Alexandre, J., Saboya, F., Marques, B.C., Ribeiro, M.L.P., Salles, C., Da Silva, M.G., Sthel, M.S., Vargas, H., (1999) Analyst, 124, p. 1209Ambikadevi, V.R., Lalithambika, M., (2000) Appl. Clay Sci., 16, p. 133Mehra, O.P., Jackson, M.L., (1960) Clays Clay Miner., 7, p. 317Young, R.A., Sakthivel, A., Moss, T.S., Paiva-Santos, C.O., (1995) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 28, p. 366Sugano, S., Tunabe, Y., Kamimura, H., (1970) Multiplets of Transition-Metal Ions in Crystals, , Academic, New YorkAbritta, T., De Souza Barros, F., (1988) J. Lumin., 40, p. 187Abritta, T., Cella, N., Vargas, H., (1989) Chem. Phys. Lett., 161, p. 12Lima, G.A.R., Baesso, M.L., Arguello, Z.P., Da Silva, E.C., Vargas, H., (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 36, p. 9812Rosencwaig, A., Gersho, A., (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 64Baesso, M.L., Mansanares, A.M., Da Silva, E.C., Vargas, H., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 40, p. 188

    FGF receptor genes and breast cancer susceptibility: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

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    Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Genome-wide association studies have identified FGFR2 as a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Common variation in other fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors might also modify risk. We tested this hypothesis by studying genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed SNPs in FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR4 and FGFRL1 in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods:Data were combined from 49 studies, including 53 835 cases and 50 156 controls, of which 89 050 (46 450 cases and 42 600 controls) were of European ancestry, 12 893 (6269 cases and 6624 controls) of Asian and 2048 (1116 cases and 932 controls) of African ancestry. Associations with risk of breast cancer, overall and by disease sub-type, were assessed using unconditional logistic regression. Results:Little evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for SNPs in the FGF receptor genes. The strongest evidence in European women was for rs743682 in FGFR3; the estimated per-allele odds ratio was 1.05 (95 confidence interval=1.02-1.09, P=0.0020), which is substantially lower than that observed for SNPs in FGFR2. Conclusion:Our results suggest that common variants in the other FGF receptors are not associated with risk of breast cancer to the degree observed for FGFR2. © 2014 Cancer Research UK

    Human toxocariasis: contribution by Brazilian researchers

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    In the present paper the main aspects of the natural history of human infection by Toxocara larvae that occasionally result in the occurrence of visceral and/or ocular larva migrans syndrome were reviewed. The contribution by Brazilian researchers was emphasized, especially the staff of the Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo (IMT)

    Soil health: looking for suitable indicators. What should be considered to assess the effects of use and management on soil health?

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    Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980�2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

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    Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14�294 geography�year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95 uncertainty interval 61·4�61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5�72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7�17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5�70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1 (2·6�5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0 (15·8�18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1 (12·6�16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1 (11·9�14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1, 39·1�44·6), malaria (43·1, 34·7�51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8, 24·8�34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1, 19·3�37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146�000 deaths, 118�000�183�000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393�000 deaths, 228�000�532�000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost YLLs) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY licens
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