Authorial or Scribal? : spelling variation in the Hengwrt and Ellesmere manuscripts of The Canterbury Tales

Chaucer__s Canterbury Tales has come down to us in about 80 fifteenth-century manuscripts, none of which is in his own hand. What is conventionally referred to as __Chaucer__s language__ is the language found in two early texts of The Canterbury Tales, the Hengwrt and the Ellesmere manuscripts. Despite the fact that these manuscripts were copied by the same scribe, traditionally known as Scribe B and recently identified as Adam Pinkhurst, they are characterised by significant spelling differences. This dissertation is an analysis of spelling variation in Hengwrt and Ellesmere, supplemented by comparisons with three other texts copied by this scribe, i.e. three quires of a manuscript of Gower__s Confessio Amantis, a fragment of the Prioress__s Prologue and the Prioress__s Tale and a fragment of Troilus and Criseyde. Comparison of spelling variants in all fifteenth-century manuscripts of the The General Prologue, The Miller__s Tale, The Wife of Bath__s Prologue and The Nun__s Priest__s Tale was made possible by the digital tools recently developed by the Canterbury Tales Project at the University of Birmingham. The results of the present study show that spelling differences between Hengwrt and Ellesmere are not due to changes in Scribe B__s spelling habits, but to his different approach towards the two texts. Hengwrt is a manuscript produced to collect all tales in one codex, whereas Ellesmere is a more prestigious version of the same work. The spelling in Hengwrt is probably more faithful to the original version, while in El the scribe appears to have normalised the spelling in accordance with his interpretation of what he assumed to be Chaucer__s orthographic habits. These findings will be helpful to scholars interested in doing further research on the spelling of the Hengwrt and the Ellesmere manuscripts, and more generally on Chaucer__s language.LEI Universiteit LeidenDescriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Linking routinely collected social work, education and health data to enable monitoring of the health and health care of school-aged children in state care (‘looked after children’) in Scotland: a national demonstration project

Background and objectives: Children in state care (‘looked after children’) have poorer health than children who are not looked after. Recent developments in Scotland and elsewhere have aimed to improve services and outcomes for looked after children. Routine monitoring of the health outcomes of looked after children compared to those of their non-looked after peers is currently lacking. Developing capacity for comparative monitoring of population based outcomes based on linkage of routinely collected administrative data has been identified as a priority. To our knowledge there are no existing population based data linkage studies providing data on the health of looked after and non-looked after children at national level. Smaller scale studies that are available generally provide very limited information on linkage methods and hence do not allow scrutiny of bias that may be introduced through the linkage process. Study design and methods: National demonstration project testing the feasibility of linking routinely collected looked after children, education, and health data. Participants: All children in publicly funded school in Scotland in 2011/12. Results: Linkage between looked after children data and the national pupil census classified 10,009 (1.5%) and 1,757 (0.3%) of 670,952 children as, respectively, currently and previously looked after. Recording of the unique pupil identifier (Scottish Candidate Number, SCN) on looked after children returns is incomplete, with 66% of looked after records for 2011/12 for children of possible school age containing a valid SCN. This will have resulted in some under-ascertainment of currently and, particularly, previously looked after children within the general pupil population. Further linkage of the pupil census to the NHS Scotland master patient index demonstrated that a safe link to the child’s unique health service (Community Health Index, CHI) number could be obtained for a very high proportion of children in each group (94%, 95%, and 95% of children classified as currently, previously, and non-looked after respectively). In general linkage rates were higher for older children and those living in more affluent areas. Within the looked after group, linkage rates were highest for children with the fewest placements and for those in permanent fostering. Conclusions: This novel data linkage demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring population based health outcomes of school aged looked after and non-looked after children using linked routine administrative data. Improved recording of the unique pupil identifier number on looked after data returns would be beneficial. Extending the range of personal identifiers on looked after children returns would enable linkage to health data for looked after children who are not in publicly funded schooling (i.e. those who are pre- or post-school, home schooled, or in independent schooling)

Crescimento E Produção De óleo Essencial De Martianthus Leucocephalus Cultivada Nas Condições Edafoclimáticas De Feira De Santana, Bahia, Brasil

The semiarid region of Brazil holds a great richness of medicinal and aromatic plants with considerable potential for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and biopesticide industries. Martianthus leucocephalus (Mart. Ex Benth.) J. F. B. Pastore is endemic to this region, and its essential oils contain a principle compound, isobornyl formate, which demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Bacilus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In spite of its significant pharmacological potential, little is known about its growth. In light of the influence of seasonality on plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism, the present study evaluated the growth and essential oil content of M. leucocephalus grown and harvested during different months of the year in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with twelve harvesting periods and five replicates. The study acquired monthly data of mean temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall, irradiance, and photoperiod from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and quantified the fresh and dry weights of leaves, flowers and branches, as well as leaf area, and essential oil content. The data were submitted to Spearman correlation analysis and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Total leaf masses and oil contents were higher during periods with longer photoperiods and higher solar irradiance. Rainfall and relative humidity reduced plant growth and essential oil content. Higher total mean dry masses were recorded from September to January (except October), while oil content was higher in March. © 2016, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved.46459359

Intramural duodenal hematoma secondary to pancreatitis: case report and review of the literature

sem informaçãoSpontaneous intramural duodenal hematoma is uncommon and is usually associated with coagulopathy, anticoagulant therapy and endoscopic procedures. The aim here was to describe a case of intramural duodenal hematoma caused by chronic exacerbation of pancre1366597601sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Effects of vitamin B6 and tryptophan on pork quality and amount of lean meat in gilts of 70–100 kg bodyweight

Supplementary tryptophan in pig diets has shown improvement in carcass traits and pork quality by reducing the animals' response to stress at slaughter. Vitamin B6 could enhance this response since it acts as an enzymatic cofactor of many tryptophan pathways. The present experiment was designed to evaluate dietary vitamin B6 supplementation and tryptophan levels on carcass traits, organ weights, abdominal fat, and pork quality of 70–100 kg gilts. Sixty-four crossbred gilts (initial bodyweight (BW) 70.52 ± 2.95 kg) were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, consisting of two supplementary vitamin B6 levels (1 and 5 mg kg-1) and four dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan (Trp) levels (0.140%, 0.167%, 0.194%, and 0.221%). No significant interactions between the dietary SID Trp levels and B6 supplementation were observed on these variables. Vitamin B6 supplementation (5 mg kg-1) showed a minor reduction in meat pH measured 24 hours after slaughter and resulted in a ham yield higher than B6 basal level (1 mg kg-1). The lean meat yield increased linearly as the SID Trp levels increased in the diet. These findings suggested that vitamin B6 supplementation enhanced the pork quality and the increasing levels of SID tryptophan enhanced the lean meat yield of 70–100 kg gilts.Keywords: Carcass yield, meat colour, organ weigh

Endovascular Management Of Extremity Arterial Trauma

Treatment of arterial traumatic injuries is usually performed with conventional revascularization techniques. However, vascular injuries can increasingly be repaired efficiently through minimally invasive procedures. We report four cases of extremity arterial trauma treated by endovascular techniques in a reference center. All patients showed satisfactory development over a 15-month follow-up. We suggest that endovascular therapy is a promising alternative to surgery for selected patients with extremity arterial trauma.715661Deguara, J., Ali, T., Modarai, B., Burnand, K.G., Upper limb ischemia: 20 years experience from a single center (2005) Vascular, 13, pp. 84-91Huynh, T.T., Pham, M., Griffin, L.W., Management of distal femoral and popliteal arterial injuries: An update (2006) Am J Surg, 192, pp. 773-778Peck, M.A., Rasmussen, T.E., Management of blunt peripheral arterial injury (2006) Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther, 18, pp. 159-173Vasdekis, S.N., Kakisis, J.D., Lazaris, A.M., Panayiotides, J.G., Angeli, A.A., Karkaletsis, K.G., Common femoral artery injury secondary to tennis ball strike (2006) J Vasc Surg, 44, pp. 1350-1352Starnes, B.W., Arthurs, Z.M., Endovascular management of vascular trauma (2006) Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther, 18, pp. 114-129Criado, E., Marston, W.A., Ligush, J., Mauro, M.A., Keagy, B.A., Endovascular repair of peripheral aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas (1997) Ann Vasc Surg, 11, pp. 253-263du Toit, D.F., Strauss, D.C., Blaszczyk, M., de Villiers, R., Warren, B.L., Endovascular treatment of penetrating thoracic outlet arterial injuries (2000) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 19, pp. 489-495du Toit, D.F., Leith, J.G., Strauss, D.C., Blaszczyk, M., Odendaal, J.V., Warren, B.L., Endovascular management of traumatic cervicothoracic arteriovenous fistula (2003) Br J Surg, 90, pp. 1516-1521Kember, P.G., Wood, R.F., Gaines, P.A., Endovascular management of a non-penetrating traumatic axillary artery occlusion (1997) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 14, pp. 227-228Mattox KL, Hirshberg A. Traumatismo vascular. In: Haimovici H, editor. Cirurgia vascular. Rio de Janeiro: Di-Livros2000. p. 480-96Strauss, D.C., du Toit, D.F., Warren, B.L., Endovascular repair of occluded subclavian arteries following penetrating trauma (2001) J Endovasc Ther, 8, pp. 529-533Kuzniec, S., Traumatismos vasculares (2002) Cirurgia vascular, pp. 706-720. , Brito CJ, editor, Rio de Janeiro: Revinter;Aun, R., Leão, P.P., Tratamento dos ferimentos vasculares por métodos endovasculares (2002) Cirurgia vascular, pp. 721-727. , Brito CJ, editor, Rio de Janeiro: Revinter;Lönn, L., Delle, M., Karlström, L., Risberg, B., Should blunt arterial trauma to the extremities be treated with endovascular techniques? (2005) J Trauma, 59, pp. 1224-1227Alvarez-Tostado, J., Tulsyan, N., Butler, B., Rizzo, A., Endovascular management of acute critical ischemia secondary to blunt tibial artery injury (2006) J Vasc Surg, 44, pp. 1101-1103Johnson SF, Johnson SB, Strodel WE, Barker DE, Kearney PA. Brachial plexus injury: association with subclavian and axillary vascular trauma. J Trauma. 1991;31:1546-50. J Vasc Bras. 2008;7(1):62-

Disparate Functional Responses to β-adrenergic and Ischaemic Challenge in Male and Female Hypertrophic Cardiomyocytes

Cardiac hypertrophy is the most potent cardiovascular risk factor after age, with relative mortality risk greater in women. The cognate issue of whether ischaemia coincident with hypertrophic co-morbidity has differing gender aetiology/outcome has not been addressed. We used a novel polygenic model of hypertrophy to examine male/female cellular stress responses in normal and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculare