Development of a New Method of Storage and Maximum Separation of Chlorophils From Chlorophylcontaining Vegetables at Reception of Healthfull Nanoproducts

The aim of the work is the development of a new way of deep processing of chlorophyll-containing vegetables that gives a possibility not only to preserve chlorophylls a and b and other biologically active substances (BAS) of raw materials, but also to transform hidden bound (inactive) forms of chlorophyll in the free easy-digestible form at getting steam-thermally processed semi-products and healthy food products in the nanoform.For achieving the aim, the complex effect of steam-thermal processing and mechanolysis at fine-dyspersed comminution using the new equipment was applied as an innovation for thermal processing and comminution.There was developed the new method of getting healthy products of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (broccoli, spinach, Brussels cabbage, green leguminous haricot bean), steam-thermally processed (by hot steam) in the steam-convectional stove and fine-dyspersed with high contents of chlorophylls and other BAS and prebiotics. The method is based on the complex effect of processes of thermodestruction, mechanodestruction and non-enzymatic catalysis on raw materials at fine-dyspersed comminution. It was demonstrated, that at steam thermal processing of chlorophyll-containing vegetables (CCV) in the steam-convectomat during 5 minutes, there takes place not only preservation of chlorophylls a and b, but more full separation (in 1,33…1,4 times) from the hidden (bound) form, comparing with fresh vegetables. There was elucidated the mechanism of this process. The more full extraction of hidden forms of β-carotene (2 times more than in fresh CCV) takes place in parallel.The essentially more effect of transforming hidden forms was revealed at fine-dyspersed comminution of steam-thermally processed CCV. It was demonstrated, that thermally processed nanoproducts of CCV contain 2…2,1 more chlorophylls a and b, 2,0…3,3 times more carotenoids in the bound form than fresh vegetables.The quality of obtained new types of fine-dyspersated steam-thermally processed green products as puree and soups-purees of CCV exceeds one of known analogues by contents of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and other BAS, which are in nanosize easy-digestible form.Using new types of fine-dyspersated purees of CCV, there was developed the new green line of healthy nanoproducts: soups-purees, nanodrinks, nanosorbets, sauces-dressings, sauces-deeps, ice-cream, snacks and so on. It was demonstrated, that new products exceed existing analogues by BAS content (chlorophylls, β-carotene, L-ascorbic acid, phenol compounds)

The selection pressure on the neuraminidase gene of influenza viruses isolated in Ukraine from 2009 to 2015

A broad range of naturally occurring antigenic variants of the influenza virus is caused by its rapid evolutionary variability. The survival of viable influenza virus variants occurs through natural selection. The treatment of influenza infection with modern antiviral drugs – neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors – leads to the occurrence of mutations in the NA gene, which thereby result in the emergence of virus resistance to these drugs. The goal of this study was to determine the selection pressure on the NA protein of influenza viruses isolated in Ukraine from 2009 to 2015. The main method for assessing the selection pressure on proteins is to quantify the ratio of substitution rates at nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) sites. With the help of this method, we showed that only a few codons in the NA gene were under positive selection resulting in mutations at the following sites: for influenza A viruses of the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype – site 40, for viruses of the A(H3N2) subtype – sites 93 and 402, for Influenza B viruses of the B/Yamagata lineage – sites 74, 99, and 268, and for the viruses of the B/Victoria lineage – sites 358, 288, and 455. These sites are not associated with the NA active site, transmembrane domain, or the antigenic sites of this protein. We concluded that NA inhibitors are not a significant factor in the process of selection of the influenza viruses in Ukraine because the sites associated with the resistance of influenza viruses to NA inhibitors were not affected by positive selection. This finding could be explained by the limited use of NA inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infections in Ukraine. A broad range of naturally occurring antigenic variants of the influenza virus is caused by its rapid evolutionary variability. The survival of viable influenza virus variants occurs through natural selection. The treatment of influenza infection with modern antiviral drugs – neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors – leads to the occurrence of mutations in the NA gene, which thereby result in the emergence of virus resistance to these drugs. The goal of this study was to determine the selection pressure on the NA protein of influenza viruses isolated in Ukraine from 2009 to 2015. The main method for assessing the selection pressure on proteins is to quantify the ratio of substitution rates at nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) sites. With the help of this method, we showed that only a few codons in the NA gene were under positive selection resulting in mutations at the following sites: for influenza A viruses of the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype – site 40, for viruses of the A(H3N2) subtype – sites 93 and 402, for Influenza B viruses of the B/Yamagata lineage – sites 74, 99, and 268, and for the viruses of the B/Victoria lineage – sites 358, 288, and 455. These sites are not associated with the NA active site, transmembrane domain, or the antigenic sites of this protein. We concluded that NA inhibitors are not a significant factor in the process of selection of the influenza viruses in Ukraine because the sites associated with the resistance of influenza viruses to NA inhibitors were not affected by positive selection. This finding could be explained by the limited use of NA inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infections in Ukraine.

The Indicative Potential of the Forest-Tundra Landscape Component

In order to expand the possibilities of soil-cover remote monitoring and improve prognostic models of active-layer depth dynamics in connection with global climatic changes, the verification of correspondence between plant and soil components of subarctic landscapes is necessary. This is most relevant for the forest-tundra zone,where the variety and mosaicity of soils and vegetation is great due to its ecotonic position. The purpose of this work was to study the relationship of vegetation with the characteristics of cryogenic soils and the dynamics of the active layer in forest-tundra landscapes. Data were obtained during monitoring studies at key sites in diverse landscapes of forest-tundra in the vicinity of Labytnangi. It was revealed that the thickness of the organogenic horizons, as well as the value of the moss phytomass, determine the active-layer thickness. A close connection with relief and soils allows the use of vegetation as an indicator of the soil texture and the depth of active-layer occurrence and features. Keywords: plant communities, cryogenic soils, active layer, landscape, forest-tundra, Western Siberi

BRST structure of non-linear superalgebras

In this paper we analyse the structure of the BRST charge of nonlinear superalgebras. We consider quadratic non-linear superalgebras where a commutator (in terms of (super) Poisson brackets) of the generators is a quadratic polynomial of the generators. We find the explicit form of the BRST charge up to cubic order in Faddeev-Popov ghost fields for arbitrary quadratic nonlinear superalgebras. We point out the existence of constraints on structure constants of the superalgebra when the nilpotent BRST charge is quadratic in Faddeev-Popov ghost fields. The general results are illustrated by simple examples of superalgebras.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, references added, misprints corrected, comments adde

CONDUCTING THE STATE FINAL ATTE-STATION IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF MEDIUM VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS

В статье рассматриваются особенности процедуры государственной аттестации в свете новых образовательных стандартовThe article discusses the features of the state certification procedure in the light of new educational standard

SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS FOR ASSESSING THE KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS BY PROFESSIONAL MODULE

В статье рассмотрены особенности разработки контрольно-оценочных средств в учреждении среднего профессионального образованияThe article describes the features of the development of tools for assessing the knowledge of students in institutions of secondary vocational educatio

Concept of complications of reproductive aging in women for anti-aging therapy. Literature review

Modern mankind, through the development of medicine and using its scientifically grounded innovations has learned to prolong human life. In Ukraine as in the whole world there is a tendency to increase in life expectancy. Since aging is a natural physiological process, a person from time immemorial has been preoccupied with the search for the so-called “Philosophy Stone” is a substance that prevents aging. This article analyzes data from scientific publications on modern aspects of the problems associated with aging of the female body. It has been proven that aging and anti-aging processes substantiate the individualization of modern approaches to the correction of pre- and perimenopause complications. The general strategy for maintaining of women’s health in peri- and postmenopause according to the International Menopause Society includes menopausal hormone therapy, taking into accounts the therapy goals and individual risk factors. Despite all the desire to give a modern definition of aging, it is currently not possible, therefore in this literature review an attempt is made to analyze the known strategies of premature aging to develop the potential for prolonging active life. In any case, the doctor needs to correlate the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy, taking into account individual risk factors and select appropriate rehabilitation methods aimed at “improving the female face” of the classic image of old age. Since the role of estrogen deficiency in the formation of perimenopausal complications and especially premature aging, is not questioned, anti-aging strategies should be considered a pathogenetically justified method of treating vasomotor, psychosomatic symptoms and sleep disorders, as well as a method of preventing metabolic syndrome. It should be remembered that hormone therapy has a number of limitations and contraindications, which is an incentive for every doctor to contribute to prolongation of the active and healthy life of women 40+ and 50+ years old. Creation of a conceptual model for overcoming the complications of reproductive aging and especially cardiovascular events, osteoporosis, cerebrovascular pathology based on the identification of risk factors will allow to develop the protective anti-aging therapy not only to prolong a woman's life, but also to improve its qualit

Smart Rocks and Wireless Communication System for Real-Time Monitoring and Mitigation of Bridge Scour -- A Proof-of-Concept Study

This study aims to integrate commercial measurement and communication components into a scour monitoring system with magnets or electronics embedded in smart rocks, and evaluate and improve its performance in laboratory and field conditions for the movement of smart rocks. Properly-designed smart rocks were found to be automatically rolled into the very bottom of a scour hole and can give critical information about the maximum scour depth and effectiveness of rip-rap mitigation strategies. Four types of smart rock technologies were investigated in this proof-of-concept phase of study, including passive with embedded magnets, active with magneto-inductive communication, active with controllable magnet rotation, and active with acoustic communication. Their performances were evaluated against three criteria: 1) movement accuracy within 0.5 m, 2) transmission distance between 5 and 30 m, and 3) at least one measurement every 15 minutes. Test results demonstrated that the proposed smart rocks are cost-effective, viable technologies for bridge scour monitoring

Alternaria leaf blight of clusterbean

The annual  legume  crop clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba  (L.) Taub.) is a promising  crop for cultivation  in the south of Russia. In 2018, phytosanitary examinations of clusterbean fields (13 collection accessions) were conducted in five VIR branches (Krasnodar Territory, Dagestan,  Astrakhan and Volgograd Regions). At all points,  several types of leaf spots were observed on clusterbean leaves and symptoms of plant damage by fungi of the genus  Alternaria Nees prevailed.  Using microbiological  methods and  Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the  nuclear  ribosomal internal  transcribed spacer  two (ITS2), the  species  composition of micromycetes was identified.  It was found  that the  micromycetes Alternaria spp. in different  ecological  and  geographical conditions of the  south  of Russia cause two main types of leaf spots: the typical (beige and brown round spots, usually accompanied by concentric zonality) and brown  spot (small brown  bulging  merging spots). Overwhelmingly  the damage to leaf tissues is caused  by the fungus  A. tenuissima (Nees & T. Nees : Fr.) Wiltshire. A quite  numerous accompanying mycoflora (first of all, fungi of the genus  Fusarium Link) was also detected. A. cyamopsidis Rangaswami & A.V. Rao, one of the most  harmful guar pathogens in the countries  where the main acreage is located  (India, Pakistan, USA), was not found on clusterbean fields in Russia. The accessions  of clusterbean differ in degree of damage by A. tenuissima that causes Alternaria leaf blight. Differential interaction of parasite  and plant  host was revealed.  Therefore, to prevent epiphytotics, varieties protected by non-identical resistance genes  should  be grown.  At all VIR branches, accessions  k-52568 (Argentina) and k-52569 (Pakistan) were weakly damaged by Alternaria leaf blight, and some  accessions  were resistant only in the environmental conditions of one or two experimental stations. The accessions  studied were heterogeneous  in pathogen resistance,  which  allows selecting  disease-resistant lines from most  of the  collection  accessions.  Thus, in various VIR branches, plants  without symptoms of disease  were selected from accessions  k-52571, k-52573 and k-52580, and seeds were collected to create new donors of disease resistance

Extrapolation of Multiplicity distribution in p+p(\bar(p)) collisions to LHC energies

The multiplicity (N_ch) and pseudorapidity distribution (dN_ch/d\eta) of primary charged particles in p+p collisions at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies of \sqrt(s) = 10 and 14 TeV are obtained from extrapolation of existing measurements at lower \sqrt(s). These distributions are then compared to calculations from PYTHIA and PHOJET models. The existing \sqrt(s) measurements are unable to distinguish between a logarithmic and power law dependence of the average charged particle multiplicity () on \sqrt(s), and their extrapolation to energies accessible at LHC give very different values. Assuming a reasonably good description of inclusive charged particle multiplicity distributions by Negative Binomial Distributions (NBD) at lower \sqrt(s) to hold for LHC energies, we observe that the logarithmic \sqrt(s) dependence of are favored by the models at midrapidity. The dN_ch/d\eta versus \eta for the existing measurements are found to be reasonably well described by a function with three parameters which accounts for the basic features of the distribution, height at midrapidity, central rapidity plateau and the higher rapidity fall-off. Extrapolation of these parameters as a function of \sqrt(s) is used to predict the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles at LHC energies. dN_ch/d\eta calculations from PYTHIA and PHOJET models are found to be lower compared to those obtained from the extrapolated dN_ch/d\eta versus \eta distributions for a broad \eta range.Comment: 11 pages and 13 figures. Substantially revised and accepted for publication in Journal of Physics