High frequency polarization switching of a thin ferroelectric film

We consider both experimentally and analytically the transient oscillatory process that arises when a rapid change in voltage is applied to a $Ba_xSr_{1-x}TiO_3$ ferroelectric thin film deposited on an $Mg0$ substrate. High frequency ($\approx 10^{8} rad/s$) polarization oscillations are observed in the ferroelectric sample. These can be understood using a simple field-polarization model. In particular we obtain analytic expressions for the oscillation frequency and the decay time of the polarization fluctuation in terms of the material parameters. These estimations agree well with the experimental results

Non-linear determined methodology of professional-pedagogic education

The article describes the approach to professional-pedagogic education’s designing on the base of non-linear determined methodologyВ статье рассматривается подход к проектированию профессионально-педагогического образования на основе нелинейно-детерминированной методологи

Местное самоуправление в системе российской государственности: проблемы и перспективы

Essay. The subject of this research is to provide an elaborate analysis of current municipal reform in the RF and assess its impact on the self-government place, the role and development trends within the system of the Russian statehood. This paper aims either prove or disprove a hypothesis about the impact of adopted legal regulations on local self-government in the RF in view of the amendments to the RF Constitution, and make a contribution to scientific understanding of this issue.Methodology. The research methodology is built by combining such methods of scientific knowledge as analysis (to study normative legal acts on the research topic), synthesis (to analyse theoretical sources and make generalizations), comparative legal method (to study and compare legal norms), logical method (to identify the peculiarities of the research object), system-structural approach (to define the role of local self-government in the Russian statehood), the method of legal hermeneutics (to provide an interpretation of legal documents) and the synergistic method which allowed to analyse the system of local government in cooperation with state authorities.Results. Local self-government shall be recognized as the basis of a democratic regime and present-day Russian statehood. The adoption of the 1993 Constitution resulted in numerous normative acts which regulate the system of local self-government, including The Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ “On the General Principles of Local Self-Government Organization in the Russian Federation”. However, regular changes to this law regarding local self-government have raised a number of concerns about uncertainty and contradictions in the legal system. Thus, along with positive effects of ongoing reforms, there are some negative trends including current tightening of local self-government officials’ liability in Russia as well as the increasing gap between the population and local self-government, uncertainty of legal solutions and enforcement practice. Members of the expert community, municipalities and practitioners have high hopes for the new legal framework in the field of local self-government, which is being developed following the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. As a result, strengthening and expansion of local self-government powers are expected, which will increase citizens’ involvement in resolving issues of local importance. However, draft law No. 40361-8 on local self-government submitted to the State Duma on December 16, 2021, provides for the liquidation of the settlement level and the reduction in the number of lower-level local self-government bodies. As a result, the gap between the population and local self-government bodies has highly increased. In addition, the draft law strengthened responsibility of the heads of municipalities to the highest officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which implies more dependence of lower-level authorities on the state.Conclusion. Legislation is rapidly adjusting to the existing realities rather than establishing a legal basis for local self-government development. In order to restore the essence of local self-government, deformed as a result of systematic changes in the legal basis of local self-government, it is necessary to improve the submitted bill, strengthening local self-government as a factor in the sustainable development of a democratic Russian state.В связи с проводимой в Российской Федерации муниципальной реформой, затрагивающей основы местного самоуправления, проводится анализ места и роли местного самоуправления в системе российской государственности, выявляются существующие проблемы, препятствующие развитию местного самоуправления как демократического института, прогнозируется дальнейшая судьба местного самоуправления в условиях формирования нового законодательства, даются предложения совершенствованию правовой базы в сфере местного самоуправления

Problems of Russia’s Integration into the Legal Framework of Europe

In the article the authors examine the issues of legal interaction between Russia and the European Court of Human Rights on the basis of generalization of empirical results obtained during the sociological survey of groups of respondents of different professional backgrounds. The blocks of legislative and law enforcement problems that need to be resolved are highlighted. The conclusion is made about the need to transform and unify the existing Russian legislation and law enforcement practices, relying on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the practice of national courts. Legislative proposals and law enforcement recommendations are formulated based on the results of the study. In the article, on the basis of generalization of empirical results obtained during the sociological survey of groups of respondents with different professional backgrounds, the authors examine the issues of Russia’s interaction with the European Court of Human Rights. The blocks of legislative and law enforcement problems that need to be resolved are highlighted. Drawing on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the practice of national courts, it is concluded that it is necessary to transform and unify the existing Russian legislation and law enforcement practice. The results of the study formulate legislative proposals and enforcement recommendations.     Keywords: justice, civil proceedings, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Court of Human Rights, law enforcement, case la

The necessity and complexity of standardization

-The standards are one of the most important infrastructural elements of the economy. The relationship between all factors ensuring product quality and safety is carried out by using complex standardization. The standards establish and ensure the technically achievable level of safety, quality and competitiveness of products. The main factors of standardization object: the object composition, object production and monitoring, in their turn, form the following more precise groups of factors, determining the object quality: primary products and materials, component nodes and parts, production technology, equipment, tools and appliances, measurement means, and test methods. On the example of a specific standard, the "tree of references" of the first and second levels and the problems of an integrated approach for establishing quality requirements for a specific product is considered. The necessity and complexity of updating the requirements that ensure the systematization, optimization and coordination of all interacting factors influencing a specific object of standardization and providing an economically optimal level of quality of the object are demonstrated. © 2020, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved

Assessment of Test Quality in German for Bachelor Students on the Basis of Common European Framework in Foreign Language

According to the Concept of modernization of Russian education accepted by the Ministry of education of Russian Federation the main task of modernization of education is to provide the modern education quality. Nowadays there is a problem of objective assessment of the level of academic achievements of students in higher educational institutions of Russia. In the absence of high-quality test materials one can not speak about the objective assessment of the quality of the results obtained in the educational process. Nowadays there are a lot of researches on the assessment of test tasks in English. The actuality of our work is to develop an algorithm for assessment of the quality of test materials in German to identify the level of formation of different language skills of the students of higher educational institutions in accordance with the Сommon European Framework in knowledge of foreign languages. The article involves the development, experimental testing in forming the mode of the algorithm, which allows to assess the quality of test tasks in German, developed with the requirements of the Common European Framework, verifying its effectiveness on the basis of monitoring data. The results of the research will have practical value: the developed algorithm can be widely used in educational practice. The obtained algorithm will allow improving tests and developing new quality tests, which will be able to assess the level of language skills of students at the end of study of discipline "German language" in different courses of study. Normative documents and certification of test materials will be used to assess the quality of test tasks used in the final assessment of students of higher educational institutions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s7p38

Исследование маркировки объектов в рамках комплексных экспертиз спиртосодержащих жидкостей

The stage of object visual inspection is essential in the expertise of alcohol-containing liquids in original (or simulating original) packaging with undisturbed cork, integrity including the examination of a consumer container’s marking. The information obtained by experts at this stage allows them to derive a more comprehensive description of the object and to determine its additional features, which helps to reach conclusions about the method of product manufacturing. Generalized requirements of current Russian regulatory documents (Technical Regulation of the Customs Union TR TS 021/2011, Federal Law No. 171-FL dated November 22, 1995, state standards) for the composition and content of consumer information for vodka as well as examples from the expert practice of examining the markings of alcohol-containing liquids, declared as “vodka” are presented in the article.  Важное значение при экспертном исследовании поступающих на экспертизу спир­тосодержащих жидкостей в заводской (или имитирующей заводскую) упаковке с ненарушенной целостностью укупорки имеет стадия внешнего осмотра объектов, в том числе исследование мар­кировки потребительской тары. Информация, получаемая экспертами на данном этапе, позволяет более полно охарактеризовать представленный на исследование объект и выявить его допол­нительные признаки, что помогает сформулировать выводы о способе изготовления продукта. В статье приведены обобщенные требования действующих в Российской Федерации нормативных документов (Технического регламента Таможенного союза ТР ТС 021/2011, Федерального закона от 22.11.1995 № 171-ФЗ, государственных стандартов) к составу и содержанию информации для потребителя, а также примеры из экспертной практики исследования маркировки спиртосодер­жащих жидкостей, заявленных как «водка».

Актуальные вопросы судебной экспертизы спиртосодержащих жидкостей непромышленного способа изготовления

The article discusses the issues related to improving the efficiency of joint operation of investigation, inquiry, experts, and prosecutors in investigating alcohol-containing liquids produced by non-industrial manufacturing method. The authors draw attention to the consistently high percentage of the non-industrial alcoholic beverages in the total number of objects submitted for analysis. Such liquids legally are not considered alcoholic products, so the presence of legal conflicts and gaps in the current legislation regulating the production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and spiritcontaining products in Russia, leads to difficulties in qualifying offenses and holding perpetrators accountable, as well as to additional expert examinations and longer investigation periods. The authors also provide some examples from expert practice.В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с повышением эффективности совместной работы органов следствия, дознания, экспертов, прокуратуры по вопросам исследования спиртосодержащих жидкостей (ССЖ) непромышленного способа изготовления. Акцентируется внимание на стабильно высоком проценте ССЖ кустарного способа изготовления в общем объеме объектов, поступающих на исследование. Такие жидкости не являются алкогольной продукцией, и наличие правовых коллизий и пробелов в действующем законодательстве, регулирующем производство и оборот этилового спирта, алкогольной и спиртосодержащей продукции в России, приводит к затруднениям при квалификации правонарушений и привлечении виновных к ответственности, к назначению дополнительных экспертиз и увеличению сроков расследования. Приводятся примеры из экспертной практики

Исследование овощных консервов в рамках судебно-товароведческой экспертизы

The course of a forensic analysis of long-term storage food products (canned vegetables) has been reviewed. The significance of the stage of external inspection, examination of the label is shown. The expertise objects are finished products of the canning industry in factory package (vegetable marinades and first courses). The objects were examined for compliance with the appropriate GOST requirements and technical specifications for organoleptic characteristics, net weight, mass fraction of ingredients.As a result of determining the organoleptic properties of canned vegetables “Pickled beetroot” the presence of individual pieces with black firm beet tissue has been detected which indicates violation of technological patterns of production. The presence of a particle of an outside impurity has also been detected that is a particle of paint coating based on alkyd binder and containing calcium carbonate as a filler which is unacceptable. The deviation of the canned vegetables net contents from the nominal amount indicated on the label meets the requirements of the regulations. For individual cans from the sample provided for analysis the experts have found non-compliance with the technical specifications for the rate “Mass fraction of vegetables from the total mass of canned goods”.When examining the canned good “First courses. Borsch with fresh cabbage” it has been identified that the samples have various labels on the consumer containers which indicates the presence of samples from different shipments.Рассмотрен ход судебно-товароведческой экспертизы продовольственных товаров длительного хранения (овощных консервов). Показана важность стадии внешнего осмотра объектов, изучения содержания маркировки. Объекты экспертизы – готовую продукцию консервной промышленности в заводской упаковке (овощные маринады и первые обеденные блюда) – исследовали на соответствие требованиям соответствующих ГОСТов и технических условий по органолептическим показателям, по массе нетто, массовой доле ингредиентов.В результате определения органолептических показателей консервов овощных «Свекла столовая маринованная» установлено наличие отдельных кусочков с черной твердой тканью корнеплодов, что свидетельствует о нарушении технологической схемы производства овощных маринадов. Обнаружено также наличие частицы посторонней примеси, представляющей собой фрагмент лакокрасочного покрытия на основе алкидного связующего и карбоната кальция в качестве наполнителя, что не допускается. Отклонение содержимого нетто консервов от номинального количества, указанного на этикетке, соответствует требованиям нормативных документов. Для отдельных банок консервов в представленной на исследование выборке экспертами установлено несоответствие требованиям технических условий по показателю «массовая доля овощей от массы нетто консервов».При исследовании консервов «Первые обеденные блюда. Борщ со свежей капустой» установлено, что образцы имели различные этикетки на потребительской таре, что свидетельствует о наличии в выборке проб из различных партий

Deletions of multidrug resistance gene loci in breast cancer leads to the down-regulation of its expression and predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is intensively used for the treatment of primary breast cancer. In our previous studies, we reported that clinical tumor response to NAC is associated with the change of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression in tumors after chemotherapy. In this study we performed a combined analysis of MDR gene locus deletions in tumor DNA, MDR gene expression and clinical response to NAC in 73 BC patients. Copy number variations (CNVs) in biopsy specimens were tested using high-density microarray platform CytoScanTM HD Array (Affymetrix, USA). 75%-100% persons having deletions of MDR gene loci demonstrated the down-regulation of MDR gene expression. Expression of MDR genes was 2-8 times lower in patients with deletion than in patients having no deletion only in post-NAC tumors samples but not in tumor tissue before chemotherapy. All patients with deletions of ABCB1 ABCB 3 ABCC5 gene loci--7q21.1, 6p21.32, 3q27 correspondingly, and most patients having deletions in ABCC1 (16p13.1), ABCC2 (10q24), ABCG1 (21q22.3), ABCG2 (4q22.1), responded favorably to NAC. The analysis of all CNVs, including both amplification and deletion showed that the frequency of 13q14.2 deletion was 85% among patients bearing tumor with the deletion at least in one MDR gene locus versus 9% in patients with no deletions. Differences in the frequency of 13q14.2 deletions between the two groups were statistically significant (p = 2.03 × 10(-11), Fisher test, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 1.73 × 10(-8)). In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrates that deletion MDR gene loci can be used as predictive marker for tumor response to NAC