Anomalies of Density, Stresses, and the Gravitational Field in the Interior of Mars

We determined the possible compensation depths for relief harmonics of different degrees and orders. The relief is shown to be completely compensated within the depth range of 0 to 1400 km. The lateral distributions of compensation masses are determined at these depths and the maps are constructed. The possible nonisostatic vertical stresses in the crust and mantle of Mars are estimated to be 64 MPa in compression and 20 MPa in tension. The relief anomalies of the Tharsis volcanic plateau and symmetric feature in the eastern hemisphere could have arisen and been maintained dynamically due to two plumes in the mantle substance that are enriched with fluids. The plumes that originate at the core of Mars can arise and be maintained by the anomalies of the inner gravitational field achieving +800 mGal in the region of plume formation, - 1200 mGal above the lower mantle-core transition layer, and -1400 mGal at the crust.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Modelling radiation-induced cell cycle delays

Ionizing radiation is known to delay the cell cycle progression. In particular after particle exposure significant delays have been observed and it has been shown that the extent of delay affects the expression of damage such as chromosome aberrations. Thus, to predict how cells respond to ionizing radiation and to derive reliable estimates of radiation risks, information about radiation-induced cell cycle perturbations is required. In the present study we describe and apply a method for retrieval of information about the time-course of all cell cycle phases from experimental data on the mitotic index only. We study the progression of mammalian cells through the cell cycle after exposure. The analysis reveals a prolonged block of damaged cells in the G2 phase. Furthermore, by performing an error analysis on simulated data valuable information for the design of experimental studies has been obtained. The analysis showed that the number of cells analyzed in an experimental sample should be at least 100 to obtain a relative error less than 20%.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Radiation and Environmental Biophysic

Dark energy domination in the Virgocentric flow

The standard \LambdaCDM cosmological model implies that all celestial bodies are embedded in a perfectly uniform dark energy background, represented by Einstein's cosmological constant, and experience its repulsive antigravity action. Can dark energy have strong dynamical effects on small cosmic scales as well as globally? Continuing our efforts to clarify this question, we focus now on the Virgo Cluster and the flow of expansion around it. We interpret the Hubble diagram, from a new database of velocities and distances of galaxies in the cluster and its environment, using a nonlinear analytical model which incorporates the antigravity force in terms of Newtonian mechanics. The key parameter is the zero-gravity radius, the distance at which gravity and antigravity are in balance. Our conclusions are: 1. The interplay between the gravity of the cluster and the antigravity of the dark energy background determines the kinematical structure of the system and controls its evolution. 2. The gravity dominates the quasi-stationary bound cluster, while the antigravity controls the Virgocentric flow, bringing order and regularity to the flow, which reaches linearity and the global Hubble rate at distances \ga 15 Mpc. 3. The cluster and the flow form a system similar to the Local Group and its outflow. In the velocity-distance diagram, the cluster-flow structure reproduces the group-flow structure with a scaling factor of about 10; the zero-gravity radius for the cluster system is also 10 times larger. The phase and dynamical similarity of the systems on the scales of 1-30 Mpc suggests that a two-component pattern may be universal for groups and clusters: a quasi-stationary bound central component and an expanding outflow around it, due to the nonlinear gravity-antigravity interplay with the dark energy dominating in the flow component.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted

Клеточные реакции в легких при обострении хронических заболеваний органов дыхания

A comparative cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been performed in 93 patients with exacerbations of chronic specific and nonspecific lung diseases. We evaluated BALF cell contents, spontaneous and prodigiozan-stimulated NBT reduction due to the alveolar macrophages activity. We also analyzed a correlation between NBT-test results and neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil amounts. It was found that there were twice less cells in BALF from tuberculosis patients compared with those of chronic nonspecific lung diseases patients. In patients with nonspecific lung parenchyma lesion one third of alveolar macrophage population reduced NBT, but additional stimulation with prodigiozan activated almost all the cells. In infiltrative tuberculosis patients the alveolar macrophages were not sensitive to an additional stimulus. A positive correlation was found between the functional activity of the alveolar macrophages and the amount of different types of BALF leucocytes. The alveolar macrophages’ ability to produce oxygen reactive metabolites caused the neutrophiles accumulation in airways of chronic bronchitis and fibrocavernous tuberculosis patients. A positive correlation between NBT-test results and lymphocytes amount was found in nonspecific chronic lung diseases patients but not in tuberculosis ones.Проводили сравнительное исследование бронхоальвеолярной лаважной жидкости (БАЛ) у 93 больных с обострением неспецифических и специфических хронических заболеваний легких. Оценивали клеточный состав БАЛ, функциональную активность альвеолярных макрофагов по восстановлению НОТ до и после стимуляции продигиозаном (липополисахарид S. marcescens), проводили корреляционный анализ с целью выяснения связей между показателями НСТ-теста и численностью нейтрофилов, лимфоцитов и эозинофилов. В БАЛ больных с обострением туберкулеза обнаруживалось почти вдвое меньше клеток, чем при обострении хронического бронхита и хронической пневмонии. При неспецифическом поражении паренхимы легких третья часть популяции аМф восстанавливала нитросиний тетразолий, а после дополнительной стимуляции продигиозаном активизировались почти все клетки. При инфильтративном туберкулезе аМф оказались не чувствительны к продигиозану. Между функциональным состоянием популяции аМф и численностью различных типов лейкоцитов в БАЛ выявлены положительные корреляционные взаимосвязи. От способности аМф продуцировать реактивные метаболиты кислорода напрямую зависело накопление Нф в дыхательных путях больных хроническим бронхитом и фиброзно-кавернозным туберкулезом. У больных с обострением ХНЗЛ между показателями функциональной активности аМф и численностью лимфоцитов имелась положительная взаимосвязь, тогда как у больных туберкулезом её обнаружить не удавалось

The 28 November 2020 Landslide, Tsunami, and Outburst Flood – A Hazard Cascade Associated With Rapid Deglaciation at Elliot Creek, British Columbia, Canada

We describe and model the evolution of a recent landslide, tsunami, outburst flood, and sediment plume in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. On November 28, 2020, about 18 million m3 of rock descended 1,000 m from a steep valley wall and traveled across the toe of a glacier before entering a 0.6 km2 glacier lake and producing >100-m high run-up. Water overtopped the lake outlet and scoured a 10-km long channel before depositing debris on a 2-km2 fan below the lake outlet. Floodwater, organic debris, and fine sediment entered a fjord where it produced a 60+km long sediment plume and altered turbidity, water temperature, and water chemistry for weeks. The outburst flood destroyed forest and salmon spawning habitat. Physically based models of the landslide, tsunami, and flood provide real-time simulations of the event and can improve understanding of similar hazard cascades and the risk they pose

The 28 November 2020 landslide, tsunami, and outburst flood – a hazard cascade associated with rapid deglaciation at Elliot Creek, British Columbia, Canada

We describe and model the evolution of a recent landslide, tsunami, outburst flood, and sediment plume in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. On November 28, 2020, about 18 million m3 of rock descended 1,000 m from a steep valley wall and traveled across the toe of a glacier before entering a 0.6 km2 glacier lake and producing >100-m high run-up. Water overtopped the lake outlet and scoured a 10-km long channel before depositing debris on a 2-km2 fan below the lake outlet. Floodwater, organic debris, and fine sediment entered a fjord where it produced a 60+km long sediment plume and altered turbidity, water temperature, and water chemistry for weeks. The outburst flood destroyed forest and salmon spawning habitat. Physically based models of the landslide, tsunami, and flood provide real-time simulations of the event and can improve understanding of similar hazard cascades and the risk they pose

2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Myocarditis in adults

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Eurasian Association of Therapists (EUAT), Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (OSSN), Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), Russian Society of Pathologists, Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)Endorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federatio