Differences in the activity and distribution of peroxidase from three different portions of germinative Brassica oleracea seeds.

Peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity, cellular localization and isozyme patterns were investigated in the seed integument, cotyledon and embryo axis of Brassica oleracea cv. Cappuccio during pregermination and seedling growth. Seeds started to germinate after 24 h of imbibition. POD activity was localized in the pigmented layer of the integument and in procambial strands of the cotyledon and embryo axis in the first 24 h of imbibition. It was localized in the integumental cells of palisade, pigmented and aleurone layers and in epidermal, meristematic, procambial cells and xylem elements of the root and hypocotyl after 48 h of imbibition. POD activity increased during germination and early seedling growth: in the integument, it reached a maximum value after 72 h of imbibition, in the embryo axis and cotyledons, it increased up to 144 h of imbibition. The increase in peroxidase activity was accompanied by the appearance of new isozymes correlated with the development of seedling tissues. The isozyme profile was characterized by nine peroxidases: isoperoxidase of 50 kDa peculiar to integuments, that of 150 kDa to cotyledons and that of 82 kDa to the embryo axis. During pregerminative phase isozymes of 84 kDa were detected in the integument and cotyledons, of 48.5 kDa in the embryo axis. After germination, peroxidase activity and the complexity of the isozyme pattern increased, suggesting that they play a relevant role after rupture of the integument

Circularly Polarized Resonant Rayleigh Scattering and Skyrmions in the ν\nu = 1 Quantum Hall Ferromagnet

We use the circularly polarized resonant Rayleigh scattering (RRS) to study the quantum Hall ferromagnet at $\nu$ = 1. At this filling factor we observe a right handed copolarized RRS which probes the Skyrmion spin texture of the electrons in the photoexcited grounds state. The resonant scattering is not present in the left handed copolarization, and this can be related to the correlation between Skymionic effects, screening and spin wave excitations. These results evidence that RRS is a valid method for the study of the spin texture of the quantum Hall states

A reinforcement learning framework for optimal operation and maintenance of power grids

International audienc

Plateau insulator transition in graphene

The quantum Hall effect in a single-layer graphene sample is studied in strong magnetic fields up to 28 T. Our measurements reveal the existence of a metal- insulator transition from filling factor $\nu=-2$ to $\nu=0$. The value of the universal scaling exponent is found to be $\kappa=0.57$ in graphene and therefore in a truly two-dimensional system. This value of $\kappa$ is in agreement with the accepted universal value for the plateau-insulator transitions in standard quasi two-dimensional electron and hole gases.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Real-Time Oil Leakage Detection on Aftermarket Motorcycle Damping System with Convolutional Neural Networks

In this work, we describe in detail how Deep Learning and Computer Vision can help to detect fault events of the AirTender system, an aftermarket motorcycle damping system component. One of the most effective ways to monitor the AirTender functioning is to look for oil stains on its surface. Starting from real-time images, AirTender is first detected in the motorbike suspension system, simulated indoor, and then, a binary classifier determines whether AirTender is spilling oil or not. The detection is made with the help of the Yolo5 architecture, whereas the classification is carried out with the help of a suitably designed Convolutional Neural Network, OilNet40. In order to detect oil leaks more clearly, we dilute the oil in AirTender with a fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength peak of approximately 390 nm. AirTender is then illuminated with suitable UV LEDs. The whole system is an attempt to design a low-cost detection setup. An on-board device, such as a mini-computer, is placed near the suspension system and connected to a full hd camera framing AirTender. The on-board device, through our Neural Network algorithm, is then able to localize and classify AirTender as normally functioning (non-leak image) or anomaly (leak image)

Effects of ageing on peroxidase activity and localization in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) seeds

Peroxidase activity was assayed in crude extracts of integument, cotyledons and embryo axis of radish seeds, deteriorated under accelerated ageing conditions. Over five days of ageing, in which germination decreased from 100 to 52%, the enzyme activity in integument was higher than that in other seed parts, increasing in the first days of ageing and then decreasing sharply in extremely aged seeds. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed four peroxidase isoenzymes with MM of 98, 52.5, 32.8 and 29.5 kDa in the embryo axis of unaged seeds, and only the 32.8 and 29.5 kDa MM isoforms in the integument and cotyledons. In these parts of the seed, only the 29.5 kDa MM isoenzyme increased in activity in early days of ageing and decreased thereafter. In the embryo axis, the 29.5 kDa MM isoenzyme activity increased slowly in the first day of ageing, while the 98 and 52.5 kDa MM isoenzyme activities disappeared. A cytochemical localization of peroxidase activity in the various tissues showed that main differences between unaged and extremely aged seeds occurred in the embryo axis

Single-/Few-Layer Graphene as Long-Lasting Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The development of carbonaceous materials electro-catalytically active for water splitting reactions could overcome multiple disadvantages of metallic catalysts, including high cost, low selectivity, poor durability, and susceptibility to evolved gas. General guidelines to design carbon-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts still remain a topic of debate. Here, we identify single-/few-layer graphene flakes with defective edges (SLG/FLG-DE), produced by hydrogen peroxide-assisted cosolvent liquid phase exfoliation, as durable and efficient HER electrocatalysts. The SLG/FLG-DE display overpotentials at 10 mA cm(-2) of 55 and 85 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH solutions, respectively, as well as a durable HER activity over 200 h

Classification of schizophrenia using feature-based morphometry

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Mineral nutrients in soil and pea plants after exposition to TiO2 nanoparticles through a biosolid-amended soil

In addition to the benefits derived from nanotechnology, there is also concern about the potential risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) when released into the environment. Their possible accumulation and effects in agricultural soils and Nanonnovation 2018 Conference & Exibition crops are closely linked to food and agriculture safety. Particular attention has been focused on the reuse of biosolids from wastewater treatment plants that are considered a cost-effective practice for the improvement of nutrients and organic matter in agricultural soils and, but also a sink of contaminants such as nanoparticles (NPs). TiO2NPs have a global production of about 10.000 tons/year and it are among the most extensively used ENPs. Moreover, dissimilar or inconclusive results have been reported concerning the impact of TiO2 NPs on the soil-crop system, thus more information regarding their behavior are necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of TiO2 NPs (anatase and rutile) and larger particles (bulk) on the availability of soil nutrients and on the nutritional status of Pisum sativum plants, simulating low (80 mg/kg) and high load of TiO2 (800 mg/kg ) in a biosolid-amended soil. Treated soils were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, soil microbial community, and plants grown in laboratory for 30d were analyzed for growth, pigments and mineral nutrition. Results showed that the treatment with TiO2 at macro- and nano-scale significantly reduced the availability of Mn, Fe and P in soils, this last more evident for the NPs treatments. Indeed, the soil bacterial diversity was reduced when the mixture of anatase and rutile were spiked in the biosolid-amended soil at high concentration. Moreover, the pea plants from treated soils showed an imbalance in the mineral nutrition, with reduction in the plant tissues of Mn and K and increase of N. This study pose a reflection on the use of biosolid, which could act as a vehicle for the spread and accumulation of ENPs in agro-ecosystems

Low-Temperature Graphene-Based Paste for Large-Area Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells

Carbon perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), using carbon-based counter electrodes (C-CEs), promise to mitigate instability issues while providing solution-processed and low-cost device configurations. In this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of efficient paintable C-PSCs obtained by depositing a low-temperature-processed graphene-based carbon paste atop prototypical mesoscopic and planar n-i-p structures. Small-area (0.09 cm(2)) mesoscopic C-PSCs reach a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.81% while showing an improved thermal stability under the ISOS-D-2 protocol compared to the reference devices based on Au CEs. The proposed graphene-based C-CEs are applied to large-area (1 cm(2)) mesoscopic devices and low-temperature-processed planar n-i-p devices, reaching PCEs of 13.85 and 14.06%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these PCE values are among the highest reported for large-area C-PSCs in the absence of back-contact metallization or additional stacked conductive components or a thermally evaporated barrier layer between the charge-transporting layer and the C-CE (strategies commonly used for the record-high efficiency C-PSCs). In addition, we report a proof-of-concept of metallized miniwafer-like area C-PSCs (substrate area = 6.76 cm(2), aperture area = 4.00 cm(2)), reaching a PCE on active area of 13.86% and a record-high PCE on aperture area of 12.10%, proving the metallization compatibility with our C-PSCs. Monolithic wafer-like area C-PSCs can be feasible all-solution-processed configurations, more reliable than prototypical perovskite solar (mini)modules based on the serial connection of subcells, since they mitigate hysteresis-induced performance losses and hot-spot-induced irreversible material damage caused by reverse biases