48 research outputs found
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²
The purpose of the research is to identify species of Eimeria spp. in chicken broilers suspected to be infected with coccidia and to determine the effect of coccidiostatics in the course of coccidiosis.Materials and methods. The study involved 20 six-week-old broiler chickens obtained from a farm heavily affected by coccidia (natural infection β a high oocyst incidence). Each group yielded 10 randomly picked chickens to be used in the experiment. The birds were divided into 2 groups 10 chickens each: control (I); Baycox-treated (II); Baycox was applied for 2 days in a concentration of 25 ppm in drinking water. Samples of broiler chickensβ droppings were tested qualitatively by the flotation method (Willis-Schlaaf) and then quantitatively by the McMaster technique. The chickens were killed 6 days post-treatment and their intestinal mean total lesion scores (MTLS) were graded 0 to 4 on an arbitrary scale described by Johnson and Reid (1970).Results and discussion. As a result of the research, six species of protozoa of the genus Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, while E. necatrix and E. maxima were the dominant species. This proves the presence of such species as E. mivati, E. acervulina (76.34%) in the anterior segment of the intestine and E. necatrix, E. maxima (83.34%) β in the middle segment of the small intestine. Infections of E. brunetti broilers amounted to 51.11%. The most pathogenic species of E. tenella residing in the cecum was found in 37.53%. MTLS in the group of chickens that received Baycox was 0.33. The post-treatment oocyst indices in the second group amounted to 1 (1β50 oocysts in 1 g of faeces), in the control group MTLS was very high (2,5), the oocyst index exceeding 3.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ Eimeria spp. ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 20 ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 6 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ, Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ·Ρ. Π¦ΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ. Π¦ΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 25 Ρ/ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ-Π±ΡΠΎΠΉΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Willis-Schlaaf), Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π¦ΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 6 ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ 0 Π΄ΠΎ 4 Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Johnson and Reid (1970).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Eimeria: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ E. necatrix ΠΈ E. maxima Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ E. mivati, E. acervulina (76,34%) Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, E. necatrix, E. maxima (83,34%) β Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. E. brunetti ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ 51,11% ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄, E. tenella, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ Ρ 37,53% ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΉ. CΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 0,33. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 1 (ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 50 ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π² 1 Π³ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ), Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π» 3, Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° β 2,5.
Decrease in antibiotic resistance among invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates in France from 2003 to 2007; On-going survey of the French Pneumococcus network (ORP)
Date du colloque : 10/2008</p
fisheries and tourism social economic and ecological trade offs in coral reef systems
Coastal communities are exerting increasingly more pressure on coral reef ecosystem services in the Anthropocene. Balancing trade-offs between local economic demands, preservation of traditional values, and maintenance of both biodiversity and ecosystem resilience is a challenge for reef managers and resource users. Consistently, growing reef tourism sectors offer more lucrative livelihoods than subsistence and artisanal fisheries at the cost of traditional heritage loss and ecological damage. Using a systematic review of coral reef fishery reconstructions since the 1940s, we show that declining trends in fisheries catch and fish stocks dominate coral reef fisheries globally, due in part to overfishing of schooling and spawning-aggregating fish stocks vulnerable to exploitation. Using a separate systematic review of coral reef tourism studies since 2013, we identify socio-ecological impacts and economic opportunities associated to the industry. Fisheries and tourism have the potential to threaten the ecological stability of coral reefs, resulting in phase shifts toward less productive coral-depleted ecosystem states. We consider whether four common management strategies (unmanaged commons, ecosystem-based management, co-management, and adaptive co-management) fulfil ecological conservation and socioeconomic goals, such as living wage, job security, and maintenance of cultural traditions. Strategies to enforce resource exclusion and withhold traditional resource rights risk social unrest; thus, the coexistence of fisheries and tourism industries is essential. The purpose of this chapter is to assist managers and scientists in their responsibility to devise implementable strategies that protect local community livelihoods and the coral reefs on which they rely
Immobilising molecular Ru complexes on a protective ultrathin oxide layer of p-Si electrodes towards photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction
Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising approach for renewable fuel generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to their synthetic tunability, molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction can give rise to high product selectivity. In this context, a Ru-II complex [Ru(HO-tpy)(6-mbpy)(NCCH3)](2+) (HO-tpy = 4 '-hydroxy-2,2 ':6 ',2 ''-terpyridine; 6-mbpy = 6-methyl-2,2 '-bipyridine) was immobilised on a thin SiOx layer of a p-Si electrode that was decorated with a bromide-terminated molecular layer. Following the characterisation of the assembled photocathodes by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry, PEC experiments demonstrate electron transfer from the p-Si to the Ru complex through the native oxide layer under illumination and a cathodic bias. A state-of-the-art photovoltage of 570 mV was determined by comparison with an analogous n-type Si assembly. While the photovoltage of the modified photocathode is promising for future photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction and the p-Si/SiOx junction seems to be unchanged during the PEC experiments, a fast desorption of the molecular Ru complex was observed. An in-depth investigation of the cathode degradation by comparison with reference materials highlights the role of the hydroxyl functionality of the Ru complex to ensure its grafting on the substrate. In contrast, no essential role for the bromide function on the Si substrate designed to engage with the hydroxyl group of the Ru complex in an S(N)2-type reaction could be established
Contribution to the analysis of the landing's structure of the Guadeloupe costal fisheries
International audienc
The influence of coccidiostatic Baycox on the course of coccidiosis in broiler chicken
The purpose of the research is to identify species of Eimeria spp. in chicken broilers suspected to be infected with coccidia and to determine the effect of coccidiostatics in the course of coccidiosis.Materials and methods. The study involved 20 six-week-old broiler chickens obtained from a farm heavily affected by coccidia (natural infection β a high oocyst incidence). Each group yielded 10 randomly picked chickens to be used in the experiment. The birds were divided into 2 groups 10 chickens each: control (I); Baycox-treated (II); Baycox was applied for 2 days in a concentration of 25 ppm in drinking water. Samples of broiler chickensβ droppings were tested qualitatively by the flotation method (Willis-Schlaaf) and then quantitatively by the McMaster technique. The chickens were killed 6 days post-treatment and their intestinal mean total lesion scores (MTLS) were graded 0 to 4 on an arbitrary scale described by Johnson and Reid (1970).Results and discussion. As a result of the research, six species of protozoa of the genus Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, while E. necatrix and E. maxima were the dominant species. This proves the presence of such species as E. mivati, E. acervulina (76.34%) in the anterior segment of the intestine and E. necatrix, E. maxima (83.34%) β in the middle segment of the small intestine. Infections of E. brunetti broilers amounted to 51.11%. The most pathogenic species of E. tenella residing in the cecum was found in 37.53%. MTLS in the group of chickens that received Baycox was 0.33. The post-treatment oocyst indices in the second group amounted to 1 (1β50 oocysts in 1 g of faeces), in the control group MTLS was very high (2,5), the oocyst index exceeding 3