A new fungal isolates applicated to bovine skin in beamhouse processes

Content: Beamhouse area is an important step in leather technology, either in the final quality of the leather or in the contribution to the contamination of effluents. In unhairing process, the use of enzymes as sulphide assistants can reduce sulfhidric gas emissions to reach permitted levels for health. The characterization of enzymatic extracts allows controlling the proteolysis mechanism so that its action does not attack the reticular structure. A new fungal enzyme extracts were applied on submerged bovine skin in the soaking and unhairing steps. Fungal strains were isolated from alkaline soils of coast of Buenos Aires province and enzymatic extracts (EE) were obtained by submerged culture with bovine hair waste from hair-saving unhairing process as inducer in the production of keratinolytic enzymes. This activity was determined by quantitative test and the most productive strains were selected: Clonostachys rosea (CR), Emericellopsis minima (EM), Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL), Penicillium sp (Psp), Fusarium oxysporum (FO), Acremonium sp (A) and an unidentified filamentous fungus strain with sterile yellow mycelium (SYM). EE were tested at laboratory scale on submerged bovine skin with biocide 0,2% w/w wet skin, anionic 0,1% and non-ionic 0,5% tensioactives in soaking and unhairing respectively and incubated 48 h at 37°C in shaking thermostatic bath. Controls were tested in the same conditions without EE. Morphological changes in the skin were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pieces of bovine skin were fixed, post-fixed in formaldehyde 4% and dehydrated in alcohol solutions, treated by critical point drying, metalized and analyzed in SEM. It was observed with FO, EM and A extracts empty hair follicles, absence of epidermis, papillary layer of dermis exposed, hairs enclosed by detached hair follicle sheaths and collagen fibers without characteristic patterns. With PL and SYM EE some hairs were detached while Psp and CR EE did not produce changes. In control samples epidermis and hair without modification were observed. In the quantitative test, keratinolytic activities increased in the following order: A<PL<Psp<CR<FO<SYM. Submerged culture with keratin as inductor produced keratinolytic enzymes useful for unhairing step. Fusarium oxysporum extract showed the greatest effect on the skin, thus the relationship between keratinolytic activity and depilatory effect was found. However, it is necessary to find the optimal conditions to avoid the damage of collagen and enable its application as a sustainable technology. Take-Away: A new fungal isolates applicated to bovine skin in beamhouse processe

Multiple congenital bilateral trigger digits in a 2-year-old child: case report

Trigger finger is a rare condition in children. In this paper, we report on a 2-year-old boy with multiple congenital bilateral trigger digits. The patient had no history of perinatal trauma, viral or bacterial infections, or metabolic disorders. The patient was treated with physiotherapy for one year. At the one-year follow-up, the boy presented with six trigger fingers (3 on the right hand, 3 on the left hand). Neither thumb was involved. The six trigger fingers were treated surgically: first, the right-hand trigger fingers and, six months later, those of the left hand. After each operation, a 4-week brace in extension was applied to the operated hand. The symptoms were completely resolved after surgical treatment. Many authors have recommended surgical release for the treatment of trigger finger in children; empirical treatment with physiotherapy may be an option when symptoms present or appear at an older age

Post-traumatic malunion of the proximal phalanx of the finger. Medium-term results in 24 cases treated by "in situ" osteotomy

We report the clinical and radiographic medium-term results obtained for 20 patients (24 fingers) treated surgically for post-traumatic malunion of the proximal phalanx of the finger. In all cases we performed a corrective osteoclasia or osteotomy at the site of malunion, followed by miniplate and screw fixation or by screw fixation only. The corrective osteoclasia was performed when malalignment was addressed within six weeks after injury. Two patients who had two fractures underwent additional surgery (tenolysis and/or capsulolysis) to improve function and ROM. At the final follow-up, at a mean of 24 months after corrective surgery, good or excellent clinical and radiographic results were obtained in all the patients. The pseudoclaw deformity disappeared in all cases in which a volar angulation deformity was present. An average improvement of about 30% in the range of motion of the MP and PIP joints was observed; only 4 patients complained of mild pain at the maximum degrees of articular excursion of the MP and PIP joints. All the patients presented an improvement in grip strength. The mean DASH score in our series was 5 points. In two of the four cases treated by an intra-articular corrective osteotomy, mild radiographic signs of osteoarthritis at the MP joint were present. The data for this study confirm that "in situ" osteotomy stabilized by miniplates and/or screws is an effective procedure to correct post-traumatic malunions of the proximal phalanges of the fingers

Casein genetic variants in ovine Merino breed

The genetic polymorphism on Merina ewe milk was investigated, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 and ultra thin-layer isoelectric focusing techniques, according to Krause et al. (1988), and Chianese et al. (1992). The casein fractions identified were: - Seven as1-casein phenotypes: CC, BB, BC, AB, AC, BD and CD (Chianese et al.,1996). - Three as2-casein phenotypes, provisionally nominated F, S, and I. - Three b-casein phenotypes, also provisionally nominated K, L and M, because their genetic segregation is not well known yet. The phenotypical distribution of the observed casein fractions and their adjustment to a normal distribution is presented.El polimorfismo genético de la leche de oveja Merina fue investigado mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida a pH 8,6 (PAGE) e isoelectroenfoque en gel ultrafino (UTLIEF), siguiendo las técnicas descritas por Krause et al. (1988) y Chianese et al. (1992). Dentro de las fracciones caseínicas se identificaron siete fenotipos de as1-caseína (CC, BB, BC, AB, AC, BD y CD), según la nomenclatura establecida por Chianese et al. (1996). Mientras que, a nivel de as2- y b-caseína se han observado tres perfiles electroforéticos, denominados provisionalmente F, S e I; K, L y M respectivamente, ya que no se conoce su segregación genética. Se presenta la distribución fenotípica de las fracciones caseínicas estudiadas, así como su ajuste a la distribución normal

La Pedagogía de la Muerte en el ámbito escolar. Estado de la cuestión y propuesta didáctica para centros escolares

Con la realización de este trabajo se pretende ahondar en el tema de la pedagogía del duelo y la muerte y concienciar de la necesidad de integrar dicha disciplina en el currículo escolar y, por consiguiente, en las aulas. A través de una profunda búsqueda bibliográfica, y tomando como referencia a autores expertos en dicha cuestión se pretenderá sensibilizar a la sociedad, y sobre todo, a los colegios de que, a pesar de que la muerte sea un tema tabú todavía en nuestros días, educar para la muerte es igual de necesario que educar para la vida. Se pretende, en definitiva, tratar de manera natural y aprender a enfrentarse con la mayor normalidad posible (siempre teniendo en cuenta y respetando el dolor y la pena hacia la pérdida de un ser querido) un tema que a priori no es atractivo ni aparentemente necesario para ser trabajado en un colegio y mucho menos con niños. Pero no debemos olvidar que educando para la muerte, se educa para la vida. Como decía Jorge Luis Borges: “La muerte es una vida vivida. La vida es una muerte que viene”. Para ello se indagará en cuestiones tales como el modo en que se percibe la muerte, siempre desde un punto de vista sociológico, cómo viven los niños situaciones de dolor y pérdida y cómo se enfrentan a ellas y cuáles han sido los antecedentes de la Pedagogía de la Muerte en Navarra y Pamplona, sin perder de vista una perspectiva más amplia como es España. Además se pretende elaborar una propuesta transversal con el fin de ser utilizada por los centros educativos en cualquier momento del curso y para cualquier nivel ayudando tanto al personal docente, como a los padres y a los propios niños a saber abordar estos temas con la mayor naturalidad y normalidad posibles

Implementación de un proyecto de inteligencia de negocios en la empresa constructora GyM S.A.

El presente proyecto se realizó para la Empresa GyM S.A., esta organización se dedica a la construcción de obras civiles, obras electromecánicas y edificaciones, además brinda servicios a las principales Empresas del Perú y también cuenta con proyectos fuera del país. El propósito de nuestra investigación es demostrar cómo la Inteligencia de Negocios puede dar solución a la problemática actual de la corporación que, debido a la enorme cantidad de datos que procesan los sistemas con que trabajan, actualmente no cuentan con un control ni con una manera automatizada de consolidar toda esa información. Nuestra propuesta consta de integrar los sistemas de la empresa mediante técnicas presentadas por la Inteligencia de Negocios, con el fin, de que en base a la construcción de indicadores, reportes de análisis de la información, entre otras herramientas, podamos brindar una solución que sea de apoyo para la toma de decisiones en la empresa y así la alta gerencia pueda ejecutar las medidas correctivas en caso se amerite. Nuestro análisis demostrará que la solución es sumamente rentable, con respecto al costo que implica el proceso de realizar una consolidación manual de la información mensualmente, como es requerido. Así mismo, muestra efectos positivos en la utilización de Inteligencia de Negocios para la organización, debido a la calidad y mejor control de la información.Tesi

Introduction of Aedes albopictus into a La Crosse virus--enzootic site in Illinois.

In late summer and fall 1997, Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were found in Peoria, Illinois, a long recognized focus of La Crosse virus transmission. Larvae were found in tires and other artificial containers, biting adults were recovered, and eggs were collected in oviposition traps within a 25-ha area. One chipmunk trapped < 0.25 km from the infested area tested positive for neutralizing antibodies against La Crosse virus

Depressão pós-parto: uma análise de fatores predisponentes em mulheres internadas numa maternidade de Boa Vista – RR

Introduction: Depressive disorders (DD) assume the fourth position as determining factors for another diseases. One of the known forms of DD is postpartum depression (PPD), which has a prevalence of 10-20% in the population. Such discrepancy is due to sociocultural differences and study methods. Because there is a shortage of content and studies on the subject, makes eminent the need to emphasize, evaluate and better handle to PPD. Objective: Evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms in women in postpartum period and analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile (socioeconomic, clinical-obstetric and psychosocial factors) of these women. From these data, make an analysis of the predisposing factors possibly involved in the development of postpartum depression (PPD). Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study, carried out with a total of 60 postpartum women hospitalized at the Maternal Infant Hospital of Our Lady of Nazareth. A questionnaire containing information on the clinical- epidemiological profile was used and, in addition, all participants also answered questions related to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for the identification of depressive symptoms. Results: The presence of women in postpartum period with depressive symptoms according to the EPDS score was 25%. Stress during pregnancy (p 0.009), personal previous depression (p 0.029), and pregnancy denial (p 0.000) showed possible predisposing factors for the development of PPD. Conclusion: The high prevalence of patients identified with possible postpartum depression found in the present study reinforces the need to view PPD as a public health problem in Brazil. EPDS could be used as a screening tool for postpartum women. Prevention and investigation strategies are essential to reduce the prevalence of postpartum disease, which may decrease the direct impact on family relationships, the quality of the relationship between mother and child, and the worsening of symptoms in the medium and long term.Introdução: Os transtornos depressivos (TD) assumem a quarta posição como fatores determinantes para outras doenças. Uma das formas conhecidas de TD é a depressão pós-parto (DPP) que tem prevalência entre 10 a 20% da população. Tal discrepância deve-se a diferenças socioculturais e nos métodos de estudo. Ao passo que a escassez de conteúdo e estudos sobre o tema, torna eminente a necessidade de enfatizar, rastrear e melhor conduzir a DPP. Objetivo: Rastrear a presença de sintomas depressivos em puérperas e analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico (fatores socioeconômicos, clínico-obstétricos e psicossociais) dessas mulheres. A partir desses dados, fazer uma análise dos fatores predisponentes possivelmente envolvidos no desenvolvimento da DPP. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo e descritivo, realizado com total de 60 puérperas internadas no Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazaré. Foi utilizado um questionário contendo informações sobre o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e, além disso, todas as participantes do trabalho também responderam as questões relacionadas à Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) para identificação de sintomas depressivos. Resultados: A presença de puérperas com sintomas depressivos, segundo a pontuação obtida no EPDS, foi de 25%. Estresse durante a gestação (p 0,009), depressão prévia pessoal (p 0,029) e negação à gravidez (p 0,000) mostraram-se possíveis fatores predisponentes para o desenvolvimento da DPP. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de pacientes identificadas com possível depressão pós-parto, encontrada no presente estudo, reforça a necessidade de encarar a DPP como problema de saúde pública no Brasil. A EPDS poderia ser utilizada como ferramenta de rastreio das puérperas. As estratégias de prevenção e investigação tornam-se essenciais para diminuir a prevalência da doença no puerpério, o que poderá diminuir o impacto direto nas relações familiares, na qualidade da relação entre mãe e filho (a) e no agravamento dos sintomas a médio e longo prazo

The burden of mild cognitive impairment attributable to physical inactivity in Colombia

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment often precedes dementia. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the population attributable fraction for physical activity in Colombia, which is the reduction in cases that would occur if all participants were physically active. METHODS: The sample included 20,174 men and women aged 70.04 +/- 7.68 years (mean +/- SD) from the National Survey of Health, Wellbeing and Ageing. Trained interviewers administered a shorter version of the mini-mental state examination and mild cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 12 or less out of 19. Logistic regression models were fitted and population attributable fractions for physical activity were calculated. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, height, education, income, civil status, smoking, and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical activity was approximately 50% when defined as walking between 9 and 20 blocks at least three times per week. Theoretically, 19% of cases of mild cognitive impairment would be eliminated if all adults were to walk (95% confidence interval: 16%, 22%). The prevalence was approximately 20% when defined as taking part in vigorous sport or exercise at least three times per week. Theoretically, 23% of cases of mild cognitive impairment would be eliminated if all adults were to take part in vigorous sport or exercise (16%, 30%). Similar results were observed after removing those who reported mental health problems. CONCLUSION: Physical activity, whether walking or vigorous sport and exercise, has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of mild cognitive impairment in Colombia

Dinámica de la población del Curato de Río Cuarto entre los siglos XVIII y XIX

En 1750 se crea la división eclesiástica administrativa más austral de la Gobernación de Tucumán el Curato de Río Cuarto (Córdoba). Esta zona, luego del Reformismo Borbónico, adquirió gran importancia estratégica como vía de comunicación interoceánica. Como resultado de un plan de poblamiento y protección con la fundación de villas y de fortines se configuró una población de frontera, cuya demografía se analiza en el presente trabajo a través de registros civiles (padrones censales de 1778 a 1840) y eclesiásticos (bautismos, matrimonios y defunciones de 1745 a 1854). Se observan tres fases en su evolución: una de crecimiento gradual durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, un incremento entre 1813 y 1822 y una de disminución en 1840. Las defunciones, bautismos y matrimonios reflejan eventos anuales aleatorios con tendencias de crecimiento. La TVPAI fue de -2,3 por mil. Por medio de la técnica de las RPETI se estimó una tasa bruta de reproducción entre 3 y 4, de natalidad entre 48 y 60 ‰, de mortalidad entre 34 y 35 ‰, la tasa r entre 14 y 24 ‰ y una exo al nacimiento de 30 años. Los resultados se discuten en base a la calidad de la información para traducir la respuesta de la población al impacto político y económico de la lucha con el indígena, la guerra de la independencia y el proceso de organización nacional.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentin