Consistent modeling of a single PEM fuel cell using Onsager's principle

In this paper a novel approach is proposed for a three-dimensional (3D) modeling of a High Temperature Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HTPEMFC). This new modeling is based on Onsager's principle of minimum energy dissipation that is applicable for near equilibrium and coupled irreversible systems. In particular, for low conductivity membranes, this leads to a one directional proton movement through the membrane. The resulting equations are numerically solved for a real single cell geometry, using a 3D finite volume discretization. Results are analyzed and validated against experimental data

Deep excursion beyond the proton dripline. I. Argon and chlorine isotope chains

The proton-unbound argon and chlorine isotopes have been studied by measuring trajectories of their decay-in-flight products by using a tracking technique with micro-strip detectors. The proton (1p) and two-proton (2p) emission processes have been detected in the measured angular correlations “heavy-fragment”+p and “heavy-fragment”+p+p, respectively. The ground states of the previously unknown isotopes 30Cl and 28Cl have been observed for the first time, providing the 1p separation energies Sp of −0.48(2) and −1.60(8) MeV, respectively. The relevant systematics of 1p and 2p separation energies have been studied theoretically in the core+p and core+p+p cluster models. The first-time observed excited states of 31Ar allow to infer the 2p-separation energy S2p of 6(34) keV for its ground state. The first-time observed state in 29Ar with S2p = −5.50(18) MeV can be identified either as a ground or an excited state according to different systematics.This work was supported in part by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR); the Helmholtz Association (Grant No. IK-RU-002); the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 17-12-01367); the Polish National Science Center (Contract No. UMO-2015/17/B/ST2/00581); the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Grant No. 0079/DIA/2014/43, Grant Diamentowy); the Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Group (Grant No. HCJRG-108); the Ministry of Education & Science, Spain (Contract No. FPA2016-77689-C2-1-R); the Hessian Ministry for Science and Art (HMWK) through the LOEWE funding scheme Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR); the Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen (JLU) and the GSI under the JLU-GSI strategic Helmholtz partnership agreement. This work was carried out in the framework of the Super-FRS Experiment collaboration. This article is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of D. Kostyleva

Deep excursion beyond the proton dripline. II. Towards the limits of nuclear structure existence

Prospects of experimental studies of argon and chlorine isotopes located far beyond the proton dripline are studied by using systematics and cluster models. The deviations from the widespread systematics observed in 28 , 29 Cl and 29 , 30 Ar have been theoretically substantiated, and analogous deviations have been predicted for the lighter chlorine and argon isotopes. The limits of nuclear structure existence are predicted for Ar and Cl isotopic chains, with 26 Ar and 25 Cl found to be the lightest sufficiently long-living nuclear systems. By simultaneous measurements of protons and γ rays following decays of such systems as well as their β -delayed emission, an interesting synergy effect may be achieved, which is demonstrated by the example of 30 Cl and 31 Ar ground-state studies. Such a synergy effect may be provided by the new EXPERT setup (EXotic Particle Emission and Radioactivity by Tracking) being operated inside the fragment separator and spectrometer facility at GSI, Darmstadt.This work was supported in part by the Hessian Ministry for Science and Art (HMWK) through the LOEWE funding scheme Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR); the Helmholtz Association (Grant No. IK-RU-002); the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 17-12-01367); the Polish National Science Center (Contract No. UMO-2015/17/B/ST2/00581); the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Grant No. 0079/DIA/2014/43, Grant Diamentowy); the Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Group (Grant No. HCJRG-108); the Ministry of Education & Science, Spain (Contract No. FPA2016-77689-C2-1-R); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic (Projects No. LTT17003 and No. LM2015049); and the Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen (JLU) and the GSI under the JLU-GSI strategic Helmholtz partnership agreement. This work was carried out in the framework of the Super-FRS Experiment collaboration. This article is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of D. Kostyleva

Conformational mobility in a polymer with mesogenic side groups- dielectric and DSC studies

The relaxation times of the conformational rearrangements of the main-chain segments of a liquid crystalline side-chain polymer was determined from differential scanning calorimetry experiments in the temperature interval around and below its glass transition. Phenomenological models with fitting parameters were used to evaluate the temperature dependence of the relaxation times and the form parameter of the relaxation times distribution. These parameters were compared with its counterparts in the dielectric a relaxation process which appear in the temperature interval immediately above the calorimetric glass transition. For the temperature interval below the calorimetric glass transition the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results were compared with the dielectric results obtained by the thermally stimulated depolarisation technique

Gamma irradiation improves the extractability of phenolic compounds in Ginkgo biloba L

Irradiation has been increasingly recognized as an effective decontamination technique that ensures the chemical and organoleptic quality of medicinal and aromatic plants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation in the phenolic compounds of Ginkgo biloba L. (infusion and methanol/water extract), widely used in traditional medicine and in dietary supplements. Twenty-five compounds were detected, eighteen of which were flavonoids, one phenolic acid, five terpene lactones and one unknown compound. Among the quantified phenolic compounds, flavonoids were the main group present, being two kaempferol derivatives the major compounds found: kaempferol-3-O-dirhamnosylglucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. The irradiation with the highest dose (10 kGy) is sufficient to guarantee the product disinfestation and microbial decontamination, also contributing to an increase in the extractability of phenolic compounds, both in methanol/water and infusion preparations.The authors are grateful to project Proder nº 53514 AROMAP for financial support and for E. Pereira grant, also to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for CIMO strategic project (PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014). L. Barros thanks “Compromisso para a Ciência 2008” for her contract. The authors are also grateful to Mrs. Clarinda Paixão, from “Américo Duarte Paixão Lda”, for samples providing

Exopolysaccharide-producing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains isolated from kefir as starter for functional dairy products

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria are molecules of great interest for the dairy food industry. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CIDCA 8339, CIDCA 83123, and CIDCA 83124 are potentially probiotic strains isolated from kefir grains whose EPS-production on MRS broth is dependent on incubation temperature. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of fermentation temperature on the characteristics of EPS produced in milk by L. paracasei strains and the consequent impact on the rheological properties of the fermented products. Additionally, the protective effect of these EPS against Salmonella infection was evaluated in vitro. Acid gels with each strain were obtained by milk fermentation at 20°C, 30°C, and 37°C evidencing for all the strains a reduction in growth and acidification rate at lower temperature. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CIDCA 83123 showed low fermentation rate at all temperatures requiring between 3 and 8 days to obtain acids gels, whereas CIDCA 8339 and 83124 needed between 24 and 48 h even when the temperature was 20°C. Fermentation temperature led to changes in crude EPS characteristics of the three strains, observing an increase in the relative amount of the high molecular weight fraction when the fermentation temperature diminished. Additionally, EPS83124 and EPS83123 presented modifications in monosaccharide composition, with a reduction of rhamnose and an increase of amino-sugars as temperature rise. These changes in the structure of EPS83124 resulted in an increase of the apparent viscosity of milks fermented at 20°C (223 mPa.s) and 30°C (217 mPa.s) with respect to acid gels obtained at 37°C (167 mPa.s). In order to deepen the knowledge on EPS characteristics, monosaccharide composition of low and high molecular weight EPS fractions were evaluated. Finally, it was evidenced that the preincubation of intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2/TC-7 with EPS8339 and EPS83124 partially inhibit the association and invasion of Salmonella. In light of these results, it can be concluded that the selection of the EPS-producing strain along with the appropriate fermentation conditions could be an interesting strategy to improve the technological properties of these L. paracasei fermented milks with potential protective effects against intestinal pathogens.The present work was supported by CONICET (PIP 2786), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP 18/X813), ANPCyT (PICT 2020-03973 and PICT 2020-3239), and the Basque Government (IT1662-22 and PIBA 2020_1_0032)

Accelerated detectors in Dirac vacuum: the effects of horizon fluctuations

We consider an Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a massless Dirac field. Assuming that the detector is moving along an hyperbolic trajectory, we modeled the effects of fluctuations in the event horizon using a Dirac equation with random coefficients. First, we develop the perturbation theory for the fermionic field in a random media. Further we evaluate corrections due to the randomness in the response function associated to different model detectors.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur

Improved Method for In Vitro Secondary Amastigogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi: Morphometrical and Molecular Analysis of Intermediate Developmental Forms

Trypanosoma cruzi undergoes a biphasic life cycle that consists of four alternate developmental stages. In vitro conditions to obtain a synchronic transformation and efficient rates of pure intermediate forms (IFs), which are indispensable for further biochemical, biological, and molecular studies, have not been reported. In the present study, we established an improved method to obtain IFs from secondary amastigogenesis. During the transformation kinetics, we observed progressive decreases in the size of the parasite body, undulating membrane and flagellum that were concomitant with nucleus remodeling and kinetoplast displacement. In addition, a gradual reduction in parasite movement and acquisition of the amastigote-specific Ssp4 antigen were observed. Therefore, our results showed that the in vitro conditions used obtained large quantities of highly synchronous and pure IFs that were clearly distinguished by morphometrical and molecular analyses. Obtaining these IFs represents the first step towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in amastigogenesis

The effect of vibration therapy on neck myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled pilot study

[EN] Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-frequency self-administered vibration therapy into myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius and levator scapulae on patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were randomly assigned into a vibration group, receiving 10 self-applied sessions of vibration therapy in the upper trapezius and levator scapulae trigger points; or a control group, receiving no intervention. Self-reported neck pain and disability (Neck Disability Index) and pressure pain threshold were assessed at baseline and after the first, fifth and 10th treatment sessions. Findings: Significant differences were found in the vibration group when compared to the control group after the treatment period: the vibration group reached lower Neck Disability Index scores (F = 4.74, P = .033, eta(2) = 0.07) and greater pressure pain threshold values (F = 7.56, P = .01, eta(2) = 0.10) than the control group. The vibration group reported a significant reduction in Neck Disability Index scores (chi(2) = 19,35, P = .00, Kendall's W = 0.28) and an increase in pressure pain threshold (chi(2) = 87,10, P = .00, Kendall's W = 0.73) between the assessment times over the course of the treatment. The mean increase in pressure pain threshold in the vibration group after the 10 sessions was 8.54 N/cm2, while the mean reduction in Neck Disability Index scores was 4.53 points. Interpretation: Vibration therapy may be an effective intervention for reducing self-reported neck pain and disability and pressure pain sensitivity in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. 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