Composition and Petrologic significance of Biotites and muscovites from the granitoids of the Boal-Los Ancares Metamorphic Belt (Westasturian Leonese Zone)

[Resumen] Las biotitas de los granitoides peralumínicos de la banda metamórfica Boal-Los Ancares se sitúan en el dominio de las biotitas s.s. con contenidos en Aliv que socilan entre 2.3 y 2.65 Yvalores de Fe/Fe + Mg entre 0.42 y 0.85. La variación composicional está controlada esencialmente por mecanismos de sustitución cati6nicaacoplada. La sustitución 3(R2+ti=2Alvi5+Ovi es más eficaz que la sustitución Al-Tschermak. La entraa3. de Ti en posiciones octaédricas está controlada por la sustitución 2Alvi=(Ti4+)vi +(R2+ Ji. La composición de las biotitas en base a sus contenidos en Al y Mg permite diferenciar tres grupos de granitoides, en concordancia con su mineralogía y composición de roca total. La variación composicional de la moscovita se produce principalmente a través de las sustituciones fengítica y paragonítica. El contenido máXimo en molécula cela~donítica es de 25 0A» Yel contenido máXimo en molécula paragonítica es de 12 %. Ni los caracteres texturales ni la composición química de este mineral constituyen un criterio definitivo en muchos casos para establecer su formación en el estadio magmático del sistema o bien en estadios posteriores. La composición de la moscovita en leucogranitos y aplitas sin biotita muestra notables particularidades con relación a la composición de este mineral en granitos de dos micas. Estas diferencias son manifiestas en las proporciones Ti:Mg:Na y Ti:Fe:Mg, las cuales muestran una buena correlación con algunos parámetros composicionales de roca total.[Abstract] Biotites from the peraluminous granitoids of the Boal-Los Ancares metamporphic band plot in the field ofbiotites s.s. with Aliv contents between 2.3 and 2.65 and Fe/Fe + Mg values ranging from 0.42 to 0.85. Compositional variation is basically controlled by coupled substitutional mechanisms. Substitution 3(R2+Yi =2Alvi+(Yi is more efficient than the Al-Tschermak substitution. Ti enters the octahedral sites via the 2Alvi = (Ti4+)vi+(R2+Yi substitution. The composition of biotites on the basis of Al and Mg contents pfudiscriminates three granitoid groups, this in agreement with their respective mineralogical composition and whole rock chemistry. Muscovite compositional variation is essentially due to the phengitic and paragonitic substitutions. The maxímum celaduníte content is 25 O/o and the maximum paragonite content is 12 %. Neither textural criteria nor chemical compositiori consitute unequivocal criteria for establishing the magmatic or submagmatic origin of the studied muscovites. Muscovite composition in biotite-free leucogranites and aplites shows distinctive features with respect to two-mica granites. This is particularly noticeable in the Ti:Mg:Na and Ti:Fe:Mg ratios, which correlate well with sorne whole rock compositional parameter

Sintering to Transparency of Polycrystalline Ceramic Materials

Open Access: InTech Open.Peer Reviewe

A longitudinal retrospective study on intracranial arterial pulsatility index: its evolution in ten years' time and how it relates to the occurrence of cerebral and systemic ischemic disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intracranial arterial pulsatility index (PI) has been related to old age, hypertension, diabetes and small vessel disease. However, the cross- sectional design of most studies prevents a proper assessment of causality and evolution. We sought to explore how this index changes through time, which conditions affect this evolution and whether or not it can predict the occurrence of future ischemic events. METHODS: Between the years 2001-2006, 1288 patients underwent a transcranial Doppler evaluation in the Department of Neurology of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. PI values for the middle cerebral and basilar arteries were systematically annotated. After exclusion of deceased patients and significant large artery stenoses, 89 patients were recruited for a re-evaluation in 2012. Afterwards, the sample was expanded up to 150 patients, with 61 randomly selected patients –either alive or deceased- who did not undergo a second exploration. Both groups had their clinical files reviewed, with special attention to vascular risk factors and brain or coronary ischemic events. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our results pointed to the following conclusions: • Intracranial arterial PI works as a dynamic measure of both cerebral and systemic vascular disease. • Age is the main factor influencing PI value and variation, but, within a certain age group, PI is able to point subjects at higher long-term risk of future ischemic events. • Basilar artery PI seems to be a better predictor of future cerebral and coronary ischemic disease than middle cerebral artery PI

Comentario de la obra que lleva por título : Composición pictórica.

Se describen los procesos evolutivos en la realización de la obra "Composición pictórica" que van desde unos espacios abiertos hasta una estructuración casi opresiva

Osteopoiquilia: A propósito de 2 casos

La osteopoiquilosis es una rara displasia ósea esclerosante. Su diagnóstico es normalmente hecho de forma accidental de radiografías que muestran múltiples áreas escleróticas en diversos huesos del esqueleto. Su diagnóstico diferencial se realiza con la melorreostosis, osteopatía estriada y metástasis osteobásticas, en base a la clínica, radiología y gammagrafía. Histológicamente aparecen condensaciones focales de hueso lamelar compacto dentro de la esponjosa. Nosotros recogemos 2 casos de osteopoiquilosis y se hace a su vez un recuerdo.Osteopoikilosis, is a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia. The diagnosis is usually made incidentally from radiographs with show multiple sclerotic areas in several bones of the body. The differential diagnosis from melorheostosis, osteophatia striata and specially from osteoblastic bone metastases, on the basis of the clinical, radiological and radionuclide scanning characteristics. Histologically, there are focal condensations of compact lamellar bone within the spongiosa. We report two case osteopoikilosis

Is profitable to play in Spanish Soccer First Division?

El artículo presenta la primera fase de un estudio del fútbol español, cuyo objetivo es averiguar si es rentable jugar en Primera División de fútbol (1ª) para cualquier equipo profesional y si todos los clubes de 2ªA deberían aspirar al ascenso. Se comparan resultados en la población seleccionada y en dos grupos de la misma: equipos que se han mantenido en 1ª y equipos ascensor. Se examinan mediante análisis exploratorio de datos resultados económicos y deportivos, se identifican factores que influyen en su variación y se clasifican los clubes según dichos factores. También se determina la influencia de ascensos y descensos en los resultados. Se deduce que los equipos ascensor obtienen peores resultados aun jugando en la misma liga. Además, a su estabilidad económico financiera le afecta más el ascenso y descenso continuo que el mantenerse en una categoría concreta. Finalmente, que la “gestión del miedo” no siempre conduce a una mejor clasificación y añade tensión financiera. Se concluye que no a todos los clubes les conviene militar en 1ª división de fútbol, que ésta debe reestructurarse y se debe reforzar la 2ªAThe paper presents the first phase of a Spanish football study. The aim is to determine if it is profitable to play in 1ª D league for any professional team and if all clubs in 2ª A division should aspire to climb. Various results are compared in the selected population and also in two groups identified: equipment that have remained in 1ªD and “elevator teams”. The economics and sports results are examined by exploratory data analysis. We identify factors that are influence in change and the teams are classified according to these factors. Finally the influence of promotion and relegation in these results is determined. It follows that the "Fear Management" doesn’t always lead to better classification and adds financial stress, “elevator equipment” that perform worse even playing in the same league and its economic and financial stability will most affect the rise and decline that continued the stay in a particular category. We conclude: not all clubs suit them military in 1ª, it would be to restructure and strengthen the 2ª

Extracellular vesicle and soluble fractions of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells secretome induce inflammatory cytokines modulation in an in vitro model of discogenic pain

.BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) secretome or conditioned medium (CM) is a complex cocktail of different molecules, some of which, particularly those con- tained in extracellular vesicles, already have proven therapeutic applications. PURPOSE: CM may well represent promising therapy for discogenic pain and the intention of this work is to assess its therapeutic potential using an in vitro model of this condition. STUDY DESIGN: This is an experimental study. METHODS: Our in vitro model comprised Nucleus Pulposus (NP) and Annulus Fibrosus (AF) cells inflamed with TNF. To assess the potential therapeutic value of CM and its components, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble culture fraction (SF), cell inflammation took place under 3 different conditions: either in the presence of whole CM, isolated EVs or SF, and concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and neurotrophic factors produced in all 3 cases were compared. RESULTS: In the presence of whole CM, both in vitro gene expression by the NP and AF test cells and analysis of their protein content showed high modulatory effects on inflammation and MMP inhibition. The presence of EVs and SF showed similar but much smaller effects, and this was par- ticularly marked in the case of NP cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that, compared to EVs and SF, the presence of whole CM has the greatest positive effect on the modulation of pro-inflammatory and catabolic factors. These observations suggest that CM could protect against inflammation and the resulting intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration that leads to discogenic pain. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Many patients' expectations are not met by current non-operative and surgical treatments for discogenic low back pain. We propose the use of the MSCs secretomeS

High-throughput screening with the Eimeria tenella CDC2-related kinase2/cyclin complex EtCRK2/EtCYC3a

The poultry disease coccidiosis, caused by infection with Eimeria spp. apicomplexan parasites, is responsible for enormous economic losses to the global poultry industry. The rapid increase of resistance to therapeutic agents, as well as the expense of vaccination with live attenuated vaccines, requires the development of new effective treatments for coccidiosis. Because of their key regulatory function in the eukaryotic cell cycle, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are prominent drug targets. The Eimeria tenella CDC2-related kinase 2 (EtCRK2) is a validated drug target that can be activated in vitro by the CDK activator XlRINGO (Xenopus laevis rapid inducer of G2/M progression in oocytes). Bioinformatics analyses revealed four putative E. tenella cyclins (EtCYCs) that are closely related to cyclins found in the human apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum. EtCYC3a was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified in a complex with EtCRK2. Using the non-radioactive time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay, we demonstrated the ability of EtCYC3a to activate EtCRK2 as shown previously for XlRINGO. The EtCRK2/EtCYC3a complex was used for a combined in vitro and in silico high-throughput screening approach, which resulted in three lead structures, a naphthoquinone, an 8-hydroxyquinoline and a 2-pyrimidinyl-aminopiperidine-propane-2-ol. This constitutes a promising starting point for the subsequent lead optimization phase and the development of novel anticoccidial drugs

First Principles Study of Nickel Complex with 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate Ligands as Model Photosensitizers

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have become in one important and promising technology in the photovoltaic field. The ability for a sensitizer to harvest light photons and inject the excited electrons into a photoanode, typically a metal oxide, determines the performance and operation range of the solar cell. Metal complexes with 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (dmit) ligands, which are an important class of functional materials, have received extensive attention due to their intriguing chemical and physical properties. The electronic and molecular properties of isolated and adsorbed nickel complexes with dmit ligands have been investigated using first principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). Adsorption energies of metal complexes supported on the anatase TiO2(101) surface were calculated for three different configurations, linked by sulphur atom of Sthione, Sthiole-Sthiolate, and planar. The most stable adsorption configurations found in this study are the Sthiole-Sthiolate and the planar forms for the nickel complex. TD-DFT molecular calculations reveal that the lowest energy transition in ultraviolet visible near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) mainly corresponds to the HOMO-LUMO π–π* excitation for the nickel complex. The effect of the TiO2(101) surface on the absorption spectra of the nickel complex is practically limited to a red shift of about 0.1-0.3 eV. The analysis of the density of states for the dmit/TiO2(101) system shows that the LUMO of the metal complex lies at the edge of the TiO2 conduction band indicating, therefore, that electron injection from the complex excited state into the semiconductor surface is unlikel