Health-promoting activities in education

The article discusses issues of health-saving activities aimed at strengthening the health of schoolchildren and students by means of physical education, through the formation of cognitive, activity, motivational and evaluative-productive components of the individualВ статье рассматриваются вопросы здоровьесберегающей деятельности, направленной на укрепление здоровья школьников и студентов средствами физической культуры, через сформированность когнитивного, деятельностного, мотивационного и оценочно-результативного компонентов личност

PROJECTIVE METHODS OF STUDYING ATTITUDES TO THE DEATH OF ADOLESCENTS

The article presents the experience of using projective methods to study the attitude to the death of adolescents. There were 120 adolescents aged 14–16 participated in the research. The analysis of the stories (TAT) revealed the peculiarities of adolescents’ attitude to death: focus on the present and feelings, difficulties in understanding oneself and one’s experience, the significance of the topic of death, death is understood as loss.В статье представлен опыт применения проективных методов для исследования отношения к смерти подростков. В исследованиях приняли участие 120 подростков 14–16 лет. Анализ рассказов выявил особенности отношения подростков к смерти: сосредоточенность на настоящем и переживаниях, трудности в осмыслении себя и своего опыта, значимость темы смерти, смерть понимается как утрата

Exploring forest structural complexity by multi-scale segmentation of VHR imagery

Forests are complex ecological systems, characterised by multiple-scale structural and dynamical patterns which are not inferable from a system description that spans only a narrow window of resolution; this makes their investigation a difficult task using standard field sampling protocols. We segment a QuickBird image covering a beech forest in an initial stage of old-growthness – showing, accordingly, a good degree of structural complexity – into three segmentation levels. We apply field-based diversity indices of tree size, spacing, species assemblage to quantify structural heterogeneity amongst forest regions delineated by segmentation. The aim of the study is to evaluate, on a statistical basis, the relationships between spectrally delineated image segments and observed spatial heterogeneity in forest structure, including gaps in the outer canopy. Results show that: some 45% of the segments generated at the coarser segmentation scale (level 1) are surrounded by structurally different neighbours; level 2 segments distinguish spatial heterogeneity in forest structure in about 63% of level 1 segments; level 3 image segments detect better canopy gaps, rather than differences in the spatial pattern of the investigated structural indices. Results support also the idea of a mixture of macro and micro structural heterogeneity within the beech forest: large size populations of trees homogeneous for the examined structural indices at the coarser segmentation level, when analysed at a finer scale, are internally heterogeneous; and vice versa. Findings from this study demonstrate that multiresolution segmentation is able to delineate scale-dependent patterns of forest structural heterogeneity, even in an initial stage of old-growth structural differentiation. This tool has therefore a potential to improve the sampling design of field surveys aimed at characterizing forest structural complexity across multiple spatio-temporal scales.L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore www.sciencedirect.co

A Comparative Analysis of Hardiness Among Different Generations in Contemporary Russia

Introduction. Studying the characteristics of hardiness among different generations merits special attention. The comparative analysis of the levels of hardiness and its individual components among representatives of Soviet, post-Soviet, and transitional generations has not been reported before. Methods. The study of hardiness among different generations employed the Hardiness Test by D. A. Leontiev and E. I. Rasskazova and involved 540 individual participants (234 men and 306 women) aged from 16 to 84 years. Results. The variance analysis was applied to reveal differences in hardiness and its structural components among the three generational groups. The levels of hardiness and its components differed significantly in the groups of respondents of the Soviet and transitional generations. Compared to the transitional generation group, the levels of control (p ≤ 0.0001), risk taking (p ≤ 0.0001), and hardiness (p ≤ 0.0001) were higher among representatives of the post-Soviet generation; the lowest levels of these variables were observed in the group of representatives of the Soviet generation. Compared to female respondents of the transitional and Soviet generations, males had higher levels of control (p ≤ 0.0001), risk taking (p ≤ 0.05) and hardiness (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion. The level of hardiness differs among generational and gender groups. The findings of the study suggest that the characteristics of hardiness should be investigated in late adulthood. This study has great potential for practical application for developing psychological programs for improving personal potential of vulnerable generations

Multi-task learning with a natural metric for quantitative structure activity relationship learning

The goal of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) Learning is to learn a function that, given the structure of a small molecule (a potential drug), outputs the predicted activity of the compound. We employed multi-task learning (MTL) to exploit commonalities in drug targets and assays. We used datasets containing curated records about the activity of speci c compounds on drug targets provided by ChEMBL. Totally, 1091 assays have been analysed. As a baseline, a single task learning approach that trains random forest to predict drug activity for each drug target individually was considered. We then carried out feature-based and instance-based MTL to predict drug activities. We introduced a natural metric of evolutionary distance between drug targets as a measure of tasks relatedness. Instance-based MTL signi cantly outperformed both, feature-based MTL and the base learner, on 741 drug targets out of 1091. Feature-based MTL won on 179 occasions and the base learner performed best on 171 drug targets. We conclude that MTL QSAR is improved by incorporating the evolutionary distance between targets. These results indicate that QSAR learning can be performed effectively, even if little data is available for speci c drug targets, by leveraging what is known about similar drug targets

Reading performance with various lamps in age-related macular degeneration

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was an objective difference in reading between four commonly available lamps, of varying spectral radiance, for 13 subjects with age-related maculopathy (ARM) or non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - logMAR visual acuity between 0.04 and 0.68. At a constant illuminance of 2000 lux, there was no interaction between ARM and AMD subgroups and no statistically significant difference between the lamps: standard (clear envelope) incandescent, daylight simulation (blue tint envelope) incandescent, compact fluorescent and halogen incandescent, for any reading outcome measure (threshold print size p = 0.67, critical print size p = 0.74, acuity reserve p = 0.84 and mean reading rate p = 0.78). For lamps typically used in low-vision rehabilitation, a clinically significant effect of spectral radiance on reading for people with ARM or non-exudative AMD is unlikely. © 2007 The College of Optometrists

Requirements Analysis for an Open Research Knowledge Graph

Current science communication has a number of drawbacks and bottlenecks which have been subject of discussion lately: Among others, the rising number of published articles makes it nearly impossible to get an overview of the state of the art in a certain field, or reproducibility is hampered by fixed-length, document-based publications which normally cannot cover all details of a research work. Recently, several initiatives have proposed knowledge graphs (KGs) for organising scientific information as a solution to many of the current issues. The focus of these proposals is, however, usually restricted to very specific use cases. In this paper, we aim to transcend this limited perspective by presenting a comprehensive analysis of requirements for an Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) by (a) collecting daily core tasks of a scientist, (b) establishing their consequential requirements for a KG-based system, (c) identifying overlaps and specificities, and their coverage in current solutions. As a result, we map necessary and desirable requirements for successful KG-based science communication, derive implications and outline possible solutions.Comment: Accepted for publishing in 24th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 202

Сравнительный анализ пациентов при сердечной ресинхронизирующей терапии в зависимости от наличия септального флеша при коротком периоде наблюдения

Aim. To assess clinical and morpho-functional features of the heart in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) depending on septal flash (SF).Materials and methods. The study enrolled 60 patients (92.0% men, 8.0% women; mean age 54.5 ± 10.4 years; 70.0% had left bundle branch block (LBBB) with II-IV NYHA functional class CHF. SF (mechanical anomaly of interventricular septum (IVS) movement) is determined according to speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Patients were divided into two groups: with SF (I group, n = 10) and without SF (II group, n = 50).Results. At baseline the groups did not differ in main clinical characteristics including QRS width and LBBB. Mechanical interventricular delay was higher in group I (65.5 ms [53.5; 95.5] vs 31.0 ms [15.0; 64.5]; р = 0.026). Basal segment of IVS longitudinal strain (LS) delay by STE (257.5 ms [156.3; 293.8] vs 323.5 ms [262.5; 377.8]; р = 0.024) and LS delay by TDI (204.0 ms [170.8; 260.3] vs 434.0 ms [370.0; 489.0]; р < 0.001) were significantly lower in group with SF. According to logistic regression a combination of LS apical segment of IVS by STE (HR 0.607; 95% Cl 0.369–0.989; р = 0.048) and LS delay basal segment of IVS by TDI (HR 0.969; 95% Cl 0.0945–0.993; р = 0.011) had a relationship with SF. According to ROC analysis sensitivity and specificity of this model in SF definition in patients with CRT were 87.5% and 86.5% (AUC = 0.939; p < 0.01). Mean changes in LV ESV (52.0 ml [32.5; 72.8] vs 19,0 ml [1.3; 40.0]; р = 0.002) and LV ejection fraction (EF) (13.0% [5.5; 18.8] vs 4.0% [2.0; 9.0]; р = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients with SF. All patients in group I had a superresponse to CRT (ESV LV decrease ≥30%); 42.0% patients in group II were superresponders (р < 0.001).Conclusion. SF could be determined by STE and TDI. SF is associated with severe mechanical interventricular dyssynchrony and superresponse to CRT. Patients with SF have significantly better LV EF dynamics after CRT. Цель исследования: выявить клинические и морфофункциональные особенности у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) на фоне сердечной ресинхронизирующей терапии (СРТ) в зависимости от наличия септального флеша (SF).Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 60 пациентов со II–IV функциональным классом ХСН по классификации NYHA (92,0% мужчин, 8,0% женщин, средний возраст 54,5 ± 10,4 года), 70,0% имели блокаду левой ножки пучка Гиса (БЛНПГ). Обследование проводили перед постановкой кардиостимулятора, на контрольной явке в сроке 10,6 ± 3,6 мес. SF – механическая аномалия движения межжелудочковой перегородки (МЖП) – определялся по данным отслеживания движения пятна (STE) и тканевой допплерографии (TDI). Пациенты с наличием SF составили 1-ю группу наблюдения (n = 10), пациенты без SF – 2-ю группу (n = 50).Результаты. Исходно группы были сопоставимы по основным клиническим характеристикам, в том числе по наличию БЛНПГ и ширине комплекса QRS. Механическая межжелудочковая задержка была большей в 1-й группе (65,5 мс [53,5; 95,5] и 31,0 мс [15,0; 64,5]; р = 0,026). Задержки продольной деформации (Longitu dinal strain, LS) по STE (257,5 мс [156,3; 293,8] и 323,5 мс [262,5; 377,8]; р = 0,024) и LS по TDI (204,0 мс [170,8; 260,3] и 434,0 мс [370,0; 489,0]; р < 0,001) были статистически значимо меньшими в группе с наличием SF при оценке базального сегмента МЖП. По данным логистической регрессии сочетание LS апикального сегмента МЖП по STE (ОШ 0,607; 95% ДИ 0,369–0,989; р = 0,048) и задержки LS базального сегмента МЖП по TDI (ОШ 0,969; 95% ДИ 0,0945–0,993; р = 0,011) имело независимую связь с наличием SF. При проведении ROC-анализа чувствительность и специфичность этой модели в определении SF составили 87,5 и 86,5% соответственно (AUC = 0,939; р < 0,01). Средние изменения конечного систолического объема (КСО) левого желудочка (ЛЖ) (52,0 [32,5; 72,8] и 19,0 [1,3; 40,0]; р = 0,002) и фракции выброса (ФВ) ЛЖ (13,0 [5,5; 18,8] и 4,0 [2,0; 9,0]; р = 0,002) были статистически значимо большими у пациентов с наличием SF. Все пациенты 1-й группы имели суперответ на СРТ (уменьшение КСО ЛЖ ≥30%); 42,0% пациентов 2-й группы были суперреспон дерами (р < 0,001).Заключение. SF может определяться по данным STE и TDI с высокой степенью достоверности. SF ассоциирован с выраженной механической межжелудочковой диссинхронией и суперответом на СРТ. Больные с SF имеют достоверно лучшую динамику ФВ ЛЖ на фоне СРТ