Denitrification-derived nitric oxide modulates biofilm formation in Azospirillum brasilense

Azospirillum brasilense is a rhizobacterium that provides beneficial effects on plants when they colonize roots. The formation of complex bacterial communities known as biofilms begins with the interaction of planktonic cells with surfaces in response to appropriate signals. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule implicated in numerous processes in bacteria, including biofilm formation or dispersion, depending on genera and lifestyle. Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 produces NO by denitrification having a role in root growth promotion. We analyzed the role of endogenously produced NO on biofilm formation in A. brasilense Sp245 and in a periplasmic nitrate reductase mutant (napA::Tn5; Faj164) affected in NO production. Cells were statically grown in media with nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen sources and examined for biofilm formation using crystal violet and by confocal laser microscopy. Both strains formed bio- films, but the mutant produced less than half compared with the wild type in nitrate medium showing impaired nitrite production in this condition. NO measurements in biofilm confirmed lower values in the mutant strain. The addition of a NO donor showed that NO influences biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and reverses the mutant phenotype, indicating that Nap positively regulates the formation of biofilm in A. brasilense Sp245.Fil: Arruebarrena Di Palma, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Cintia Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Moreno Ramírez, Lizbeth. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Xiqui Vazquez, Maria L.. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Baca, Beatriz E.. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Pereyra, María Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Lamattina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Masculinity and feminity measurement in physical education teachers

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las mediciones de masculinidad, feminidad, machismo y sumisión, características asociadas a la personalidad, de un grupo de docentes de Educación Física. Participaron en el estudio 53 docentes de nivel básico que laboran en un programa implementado por una institución gubernamental en la Ciudad de México. El muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico. Se empleó como instrumento el Inventario de Masculinidad y Feminidad (IMAFE), instrumento confiable y válido en México, sujeto a prueba en otros países, en él se incluyen aspectos de los papeles de género tradicionales: machismo y sumisión. El análisis de los datos se efectúo mediante la prueba “t-Student” y el análisis de varianza de una clasificación, así como la comparación de medias de los resultados arrojados. Se concluye que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las cuatro escalas propuestas por el IMAFE y las variables de trabajo, sexo, edad y estado civil, en el grupo de docentes de Educación Física, en lo que respecta a las características asociadas a la personalidadThis research aimed to analyze the measurements of masculinity, femininity, machismo and submission features associated with the personality characteristics of a group of physical education teachers. Participated in the study53 basic level teachers working in a program implemented by a government institution in Mexico City. The sampling was not probabilistic type. As a tool for data collection was used the Inventory of Masculinity and femininity (IMAFE), reliable and valid instrument in Mexico, subject to testing in other countries, there aspects of traditional gender roles: machismo and submission. Data analysis undertaken using the “t-student” test and analysis of variance classification and comparison of the results obtained. It is concluded that no statistically significant differences in the four scales proposed by IMAFE and work variables sex, age and marital status in the group of physical education teachers in regard to the characteristics associated with personalit

Phenolic Compounds in Maize Grains and Its Nixtamalized Products

Among the cereals most consumed by humans, maize grain is in the third position, surpassed only by rice and wheat. In several countries, maize grain is the main source of carbohydrates and proteins. Maize grain is ranked as one of the cereals with the highest content of phenolic compounds. The importance for human health of the consumption of phenolic compounds is due to their proved antioxidant activity. Diets with high amount of antioxidants have been associated with a reduced probability of suffering degenerative chronic diseases. In maize grain, the phenolic acids predominate, among which the main is ferulic acid, followed by p‐coumaric acid, which are highly abundant in their bound forms. However, other phenolics such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavanols have been identified in colored maize grains. Additionally, the processing of maize grain into different products for human consumption incorporates changes both in quantity and quality of some phenolic compounds. In the present chapter, we present the most recent information available regarding phenolic compounds in maize grain and their nixtamalized products

Influence of the starting temperature of calorimetric measurements on the accuracy of determined magnetocaloric effect

Availability of a restricted heat capacity data range has a clear influence on the accuracy of calculated magnetocaloric effect, as confirmed by both numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Simulations using the Bean-Rodbell model show that, in general, the approximated magnetocaloric effect curves calculated using a linear extrapolation of the data starting from a selected temperature point down to zero kelvin deviate in a non-monotonic way from those correctly calculated by fully integrating the data from near zero temperatures. However, we discovered that a particular temperature range exists where the approximated magnetocaloric calculation provides the same result as the fully integrated one. These specific truncated intervals exist for both first and second order phase transitions and are the same for the adiabatic temperature change and magnetic entropy change curves. The effect of this truncated integration in real samples was confirmed using heat capacity data of Gd metal and Gd5Si2Ge2 compound measured from near zero temperatures

Corneal relaxation time estimation as a function of tear oxygen tension in human cornea during contact lens wear

[EN] The purpose is to estimate the oxygen diffusion coefficient and the relaxation time of the cornea with respect to the oxygen tension at the cornea-tears interface. Both findings are discussed. From the experimental data provided by Bonanno et al., the oxygen tension measurements in vivo for human cornea-tears-contact lens (CL), the relaxation time of the cornea, and their oxygen diffusion coefficient were obtained by numerical calculation using the Monod-kinetic model. Our results, considering the relaxation time of the cornea, observe a different behavior. At the time less than 8 s, the oxygen diffusivity process is upper-diffusive, and for the relaxation time greater than 8 s, the oxygen diffusivity process is lower-diffusive. Both cases depend on the partial pressure of oxygen at the entrance of the cornea. The oxygen tension distribution in the cornea-tears interface is separated into two different zones: one for conventional hydrogels, which is located between 6 and 75 mmHg, with a relaxation time included between 8 and 19 s, and the other zone for silicone hydrogel CLs, which is located at high oxygen tension, between 95 and 140 mmHg, with a relaxation time in the interval of 1.5-8 s. It is found that in each zone, the diffusion coefficient varies linearly with the oxygen concentration, presenting a discontinuity in the transition of 8 s. This could be interpreted as an aerobic-to-anaerobic transition. We attribute this behavior to the coupling formalism between oxygen diffusion and biochemical reactions to produce adenosine triphosphate.Contract grant sponsor: Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; contract grant number: UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT projects IG 100618 and IN-114818 Contract grant sponsor: Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación; contract grant number: ENE/2015-69203-RDel Castillo, LF.; Ramírez-Calderón, JG.; Del Castillo, RM.; Aguilella-Arzo, M.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2020). Corneal relaxation time estimation as a function of tear oxygen tension in human cornea during contact lens wear. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. 108(1):14-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34360S14211081Freeman, R. D. (1972). Oxygen consumption by the component layers of the cornea. The Journal of Physiology, 225(1), 15-32. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009927CHALMERS, R. L., McNALLY, J. J., SCHEIN, O. D., KATZ, J., TIELSCH, J. M., ALFONSO, E., … SHOVLIN, J. (2007). Risk Factors for Corneal Infiltrates with Continuous Wear of Contact Lenses. Optometry and Vision Science, 84(7), 573-579. doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3180dc9a12Schein, O. D., McNally, J. J., Katz, J., Chalmers, R. L., Tielsch, J. M., Alfonso, E., … Shovlin, J. (2005). The Incidence of Microbial Keratitis among Wearers of a 30-Day Silicone Hydrogel Extended-Wear Contact Lens. Ophthalmology, 112(12), 2172-2179. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.09.014Sweeney, D. F. (2003). Clinical Signs of Hypoxia with High-Dk Soft Lens Extended Wear: Is the Cornea Convinced? Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice, S22-S25. doi:10.1097/00140068-200301001-00007HARVITT, D. M., & BONANNO, J. A. (1999). Re-Evaluation of the Oxygen Diffusion Model for Predicting Minimum Contact Lens Dk/t Values Needed to Avoid Corneal Anoxia. Optometry and Vision Science, 76(10), 712-719. doi:10.1097/00006324-199910000-00023Polse, K. A., & Mandell, R. B. (1970). Critical Oxygen Tension at the Corneal Surface. Archives of Ophthalmology, 84(4), 505-508. doi:10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040507021Giasson, C., & Bonanno, J. A. (1995). Acidification of rabbit corneal endothelium during contact lens wearin vitro. Current Eye Research, 14(4), 311-318. doi:10.3109/02713689509033531Riley, M. V. (1969). Glucose and oxygen utilization by the rabbit cornea. Experimental Eye Research, 8(2), 193-200. doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(69)80031-xFrahm, B., Lane, P., M�rkl, H., & P�rtner, R. (2003). Improvement of a mammalian cell culture process by adaptive, model-based dialysis fed-batch cultivation and suppression of apoptosis. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 26(1), 1-10. doi:10.1007/s00449-003-0335-zCompañ, V., Aguilella-Arzo, M., Del Castillo, L. F., Hernández, S. I., & Gonzalez-Meijome, J. M. (2016). Analysis of the application of the generalized monod kinetics model to describe the human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact lens wear. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 105(8), 2269-2281. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33764Bonanno, J. A., Clark, C., Pruitt, J., & Alvord, L. (2009). Tear Oxygen Under Hydrogel and Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses in Humans. Optometry and Vision Science, 86(8), E936-E942. doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3181b2f582Chhabra, M., Prausnitz, J. M., & Radke, C. J. (2008). Diffusion and Monod kinetics to determine in vivo human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact-lens wear. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 90B(1), 202-209. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31274Chhabra, M., Prausnitz, J. M., & Radke, C. J. (2009). Modeling Corneal Metabolism and Oxygen Transport During Contact Lens Wear. Optometry and Vision Science, 86(5), 454-466. doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e31819f9e70Larrea, X., & Bu¨chler, P. (2009). A Transient Diffusion Model of the Cornea for the Assessment of Oxygen Diffusivity and Consumption. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 50(3), 1076. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2479Alvord, L. A., Hall, W. J., Keyes, L. D., Morgan, C. F., & Winterton, L. C. (2007). Corneal Oxygen Distribution With Contact Lens Wear. Cornea, 26(6), 654-664. doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e31804f5a22Del Castillo, L. F., da Silva, A. R. F., Hernández, S. I., Aguilella, M., Andrio, A., Mollá, S., & Compañ, V. (2015). Diffusion and Monod kinetics model to determine in vivo human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact lens wear. Journal of Optometry, 8(1), 12-18. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2014.06.002Chandel, N. S., Budinger, G. R. S., Choe, S. H., & Schumacker, P. T. (1997). Cellular Respiration during Hypoxia. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272(30), 18808-18816. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18808Leung, B. K., Bonanno, J. A., & Radke, C. J. (2011). Oxygen-deficient metabolism and corneal edema. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 30(6), 471-492. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.07.001Chhabra, M., Prausnitz, J. M., & Radke, C. J. (2008). Polarographic Method for Measuring Oxygen Diffusivity and Solubility in Water-Saturated Polymer Films:  Application to Hypertransmissible Soft Contact Lenses. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(10), 3540-3550. doi:10.1021/ie071071aCompañ, V., Andrio, A., López-Alemany, A., Riande, E., & Refojo, M. F. (2002). Oxygen permeability of hydrogel contact lenses with organosilicon moieties. Biomaterials, 23(13), 2767-2772. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00012-1Gonzalez-Meijome, J. M., Compañ-Moreno, V., & Riande, E. (2008). Determination of Oxygen Permeability in Soft Contact Lenses Using a Polarographic Method:  Estimation of Relevant Physiological Parameters. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(10), 3619-3629. doi:10.1021/ie071403bCompa�, V., L�pez, M. L., Andrio, A., L�pez-Alemany, A., & Refojo, M. F. (1999). 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Which medical disciplines diagnose and treat melanoma in Europe in 2019? A survey of experts from melanoma centres in 27 European countries

Background and objectives The incidence of melanoma is increasing. This places significant burden on societies to provide efficient cancer care. The European Cancer Organisation recently published the essential requirements for quality melanoma care. The present study is aimed for the first time to roughly estimate the extent to which these requirements have been met in Europe. Materials and methods A web-based survey of experts from melanoma centres in 27 European countries was conducted from 1 February to 1 August 2019. Data on diagnostic techniques, surgical and medical treatment, organization of cancer care and education were collected and correlated with national health and economic indicators and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a surrogate for survival. Univariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations. SPSS software was used. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The MIR was lower in countries with a high health expenditure per capita and with a higher numbers of general practitioners (GPs) and surgeons (SURG) per million inhabitants. In these countries, GPs and dermatologists (DER) were involved in melanoma detection; high percentage of DER used dermatoscopy and were involved in the follow-up of all melanoma stages; both medical oncologists (ONC) and dermato-oncologists administered systemic treatments; and patients had better access to sentinel lymph node biopsy and were treated within multidisciplinary tumour boards. Conclusion Based on these first estimates, the greater involvement of GPs in melanoma detection; the greater involvement of highly trained DER in dermatoscopy, dermatosurgery, follow-up and the systemic treatment of melanoma; and the provision of ongoing dermato-oncology training for pathologists, SURG, DER and ONC are necessary to provide an optimal melanoma care pathway. A comprehensive analysis of the melanoma care pathway based on clinical melanoma registries will be needed to more accurately evaluate these first insights

Compact LCOS–SLM Based Polarization Pattern Beam Generator

In this paper, a compact optical system for generating arbitrary spatial light polarization patterns is demonstrated. The system uses a single high-resolution liquid crystal (LC) on silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator. A specialized optical mount is designed and fabricated using a 3D printer, in order to build a compact dual optical architecture, where two different phase patterns are encoded on two adjacent halves of the LCOS screen, with a polarization transformation in between. The final polarization state is controlled via two rotations of the Poincaré sphere. In addition, a relative phase term is added, which is calculated based on spherical trigonometry on the Poincaré sphere. Experimental results are presented that show the effectiveness of the system to produce polarization patterns

Quantitative proteomics analysis of lymph nodes from pigs infected by porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) by 2-DE, 18O/16O labeling and linear ion trap mass spectrometry

Comunicaciones a congreso

Conscious mobility for urban spaces: case studies review and indicator framework design

A lack of data collection on conscious mobility behaviors has been identified in current sustainable and smart mobility planning, development and implementation strategies. This leads to technocentric solutions that do not place people and their behavior at the center of new mobility solutions in urban centers around the globe. This paper introduces the concept of conscious mobility to link techno-economic analyses with user awareness on the impact of their travel decisions on other people, local urban infrastructure and the environment through systematic big data collection. A preliminary conscious mobility indicator framework is presented to leverage behavioral considerations to enhance urban-community mobility systems. Key factors for conscious mobility analysis have been derived from five case studies. The sample offers regional diversity (i.e., local, regional and the global urban contexts), as well as different goals in the transformation of conventional urban transport systems, from improving public transport efficiency and equipment electrification to mitigate pollution and climate risks, to focusing on equity, access and people safety. The case studies selected provide useful metrics on the adoption of cleaner, smarter, safer and more autonomous mobility technologies, along with novel people-centric program designs to build an initial set of conscious mobility indicators frameworks. The parameters were applied to the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Mexico focusing on the needs of the communities that work, study and live around the local urban campus of the Tecnologico de Monterrey’s Distrito Tec. This case study, served as an example of how conscious mobility indicators could be applied and customized to a community and region of interest. This paper introduces the first application of the conscious mobility framework for urban communities’ mobility system analysis. This more holistic assessment approach includes dimensions such as society and culture, infrastructure and urban spaces, technology, government, normativity, economy and politics, and the environment. The expectation is that the conscious mobility framework of analysis will become a useful tool for smarter and sustainable urban and mobility problem solving and decision making to enhance the quality of life all living in urban communities

Variación de la diversidad de Staphylinidae, Silphidae y Trogidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) en un gradiente urbano-agrícola en una región semiárida del Estado de México, México

Se estudió el efecto del uso de suelo sobre la diversidad de coleópteros necrófilos y epigeos en una zona semiárida del Estado de México, poniendo a prueba la siguiente hipótesis: las áreas dedicadas a la producción agrícola representan un refugio para las especies de Staphylinidae, Trogidae y Silphidae. Para lo cual se realizaron muestreos mensuales durante un año con trampas de caída y trampas tipo NTP 80 cebadas con carroña. Ambas trampas fueron distribuidas en tres localidades con diferente uso de suelo (zona agrícola, zona suburbana y zona urbana). En la zona agrícola la abundancia y riqueza fueron mayores, y la diversidad fue significativamente menor que lo registrado en la zona suburbana y urbana, debido a que en la zona agrícola dos especies (Nicrophorus mexicanus Mattews, 1888 y Belonuchus sp.) concentraron el 70% de la abundancia, mientras que en las otras dos zonas las especies tuvieron mayor equidad. El recambio espacial de especies y el anidamiento contribuyeron de manera similar en la variación de la composición del ensamble de especies entre los sitios, la zona agrícola albergó el 70.6% de las especies que estuvieron presentes tanto en la zona urbana como en la zona suburbana o en alguna de éstas, así como un mayor número de especies con afinidad alta por este sitio, lo que sugiere que la zona agrícola funciona como refugio de las especies de coleópteros necrófilos y epigeos que se distribuyen en esta región semiárida, cuyas poblaciones se vieron favorecidas durante todo el año, debido al aporte constante de materia orgánica y humedad. Finalmente, en cuanto al inventario de especies, se registró a Belonuchus erichsoni Bernhauer, 1917 por primera vez para el Estado de México.The effect of land use on the diversity of necrophilous and epigeal beetles in a semi-arid zone of the Estado de México was studied, we tested the following hypothesis: areas dedicated to agricultural production represent a refuge for species of Staphylinidae, Trogidae and Silphidae. Monthly sampling was carried out during one year with pitfall and carrion traps. Traps were distributed in three locations with different land use (agricultural, suburban and urban area). In the agricultural zone the abundance and richness were greater, but the diversity was significantly less than registered in the suburban and urban area, because two species (Nicrophorus mexicanus Mattews, 1888 and Belonuchus sp.) concentrated 70% of abundance in the agricultural area, while in the other two areas the species had greater evenness. Spatial species turnover and nestedness contributed equally to the variation in the composition of the species assemblages between sites, the agricultural zone harbored 70.6% of the species that were present both in the urban and in the suburban area or in any of these, also they have the greater number of species with high affinity for this site. The results suggest that the agricultural area functions as a refuge for the necrophilous and epigeal beetle species that are distributed in this semi-arid region, whose populations were favored throughout the year due to the constant contribution of organic matter and moisture. Finally, regarding the inventory of species, Belonuchus erichsoni Bernhauer, 1917 was registered for the first time for the Estado de México