2,528 research outputs found
A theoretical and experimental investigation of deflections and bending moments in cantilever plates: With application to helical gear design.
Simulation of multi-axis machining processes using z-mapping technique
Parameter selection in machining operations is curial for product quality and high productivity. Process parameters such as feed, spindle speed and depth of cuts are often chosen by trial-error methods. Mathematical models can be employed to predict the mechanics and the dynamics of the process. In this study, Z-mapping technique is utilized to simulate the process step by step by updating the workpiece according the given tool path where the cutter engagement areas are also determined. Using the numerical generalized process model, whole process is simulated for any milling tool geometry including intricate profiling tools, serrated cutters and tools with variable edge geometries
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The Use of Layered Freeform Fabrication Technologies to Produce Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Skull Patches
Congenital skull defects in infants are difficult to correct using metal plates due to the growth of
the skull. Tissue engineering of bone patches could be the answer to help such patients. Custom
scaffolds have been designed based on Computed Tomography (CT) images of the patient’s
skull. An in-house developed single screw extruder, casting and a commercial laser cutter has
been evaluated in the fabrication of pure polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds as well as PCL mixed
with hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds. Evaluation criteria for each process included the ability to
maintain an optimal pore size for cells to proliferate, inclusion of micro surface properties for
cell adhesion, incorporation of hydroxyapatite, and ability to maintain desired shape. The
mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds will be presented in this paper as well as initial
cell seeding results with human adipose-derived adult stem (hADAS) cells.Mechanical Engineerin
A Family History of Lethal Prostate Cancer and Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.
We investigated whether a family history of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) was associated with high-risk disease or biochemical recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. A cohort of radical prostatectomy patients was stratified into men with no family history of PCa (NFH); a first-degree relative with PCa (FH); and those with a first-degree relative who had died of PCa (FHD). Demographic, operative and pathologic outcomes were analyzed. Freedom from biochemical recurrence was examined using Kaplan-Meier log rank. A multivariate Cox logistic regression analysis was also performed. We analyzed 471 men who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution with known family history. The three groups had: 355 patients (75%) in NFH; 97 patients (21%) in FH; and 19 patients (4%) in FHD. The prevalence of a Gleason score ≥8, higher pathologic T stage, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates did not significantly differ between groups. On Kaplan-Meier analysis there were no differences in short-term BCR rates (p = 0.212). In this cohort of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, those with first-degree relatives who died of PCa did not have an increased likelihood of high-risk or aggressive PCa or shorter-term risk of BCR than those who did not
Feeling Our Way: Emotional Intelligence and Information Literacy Competency
Information literacy (IL) continues to be a major area of focus for academic librarians. Even as forces of change in the form of severe budget reductions, loss of positions, shifts in collection management, and changing technologies, have hit libraries hard in the early 21st century, their commitment to providing high quality IL instruction remains strong. An examination of recent strategic plans from academic libraries reveals continued emphasis on the teaching role of librarianship with organizational units dedicated to IL instruction and student engagement.1 IL initiatives across campuses have moved well beyond the traditional face-to-face instruction session and now librarians deliver instruction in a variety of styles, varying in length, format, and emphasis
Machining strategy development in 5-axis milling operations using process models
Increased productivity and part quality can be achieved by selecting machining strategies and conditions properly. At one extreme very high speed and feed rate with small depth of cut can be used for high productivity whereas deep cuts accompanied with slow speeds and feeds may also provide increased material
removal rates in some cases. In this study, it is shown that process models are useful tools to simulate and compare alternative strategies for machining of a part. 5-axis milling of turbine engine compressors made out of titanium alloys is used as the case study where strategies such as flank milling (deep cuts), point milling (light cuts) and stripe milling (medium depths) are compared in terms of process time by considering chatter stability, surface finish and tool deflections
Improved feeding and forages at a crossroads: Farming systems approaches for sustainable livestock development in East Africa
Dairy development provides substantial potential economic opportunities for smallholder farmers in East Africa, but productivity is constrained by the scarcity of quantity and quality feed. Ruminant livestock production is also associated with negative environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, high water consumption, land-use change, and loss of biodiversity. Improved livestock feeding and forages have been highlighted as key entry point to sustainable intensification, increasing food security, and decreasing environmental trade-offs including GHG emission intensities. In this perspective article, we argue that farming systems approaches are essential to understand the multiple roles and impacts of forages in smallholder livelihoods. First, we outline the unique position of forages in crop-livestock systems and systemic obstacles to adoption that call for multidisciplinary thinking. Second, we discuss the importance of matching forage technologies with agroecological and socioeconomic contexts and niches, and systems agronomy that is required. Third, we demonstrate the usefulness of farming systems modeling to estimate multidimensional impacts of forages and for reducing agro-environmental trade-offs. We conclude that improved forages in East Africa are at a crossroads: if adopted by farmers at scale, they can be a cornerstone of pathways toward sustainable livestock systems in East Africa.</p
The UV Continuum of Quasars: Models and SDSS Spectral Slopes
We measure long (2200-4000 ang) and short (1450-2200 ang) wavelength spectral
slopes \alpha (F_\nu proportional to \nu^\alpha) for quasar spectra from the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The long and short wavelength slopes are computed
from 3646 and 2706 quasars with redshifts in the z=0.76-1.26 and z=1.67-2.07
ranges, respectively. We calculate mean slopes after binning the data by
monochromatic luminosity at 2200 ang and virial mass estimates based on
measurements of the MgII line width and 3000 ang continuum luminosity. We find
little evidence for mass dependent variations in the mean slopes, but a
significant luminosity dependent trend in the near UV spectral slopes is
observed with larger (bluer) slopes at higher luminosities. The far UV slopes
show no clear variation with luminosity and are generally lower (redder) than
the near UV slopes at comparable luminosities, suggesting a slightly concave
quasar continuum shape. We compare these results with Monte Carlo distributions
of slopes computed from models of thin accretion disks, accounting for
uncertainties in the mass estimates. The model slopes produce mass dependent
trends which are larger than observed, though this conclusion is sensitive to
the assumed uncertainties in the mass estimates. The model slopes are also
generally bluer than observed, and we argue that reddening by dust intrinsic to
the source or host galaxy may account for much of the discrepancy.Comment: To be published in ApJ, 18 pages, 10 figure
Application of diffracto sight ot the nondestructive inspection of aircraft structures
The D Sight optical set up was first assembled nearly ten years ago at Diffracto Ltd. It has received several patents, the first of which was in the United States [1]. Since the mid 1980’s, D Sight has been successfully applied to surface quality inspections, particularly in the automotive and plastics industries. Recently, Komorowski et al. [2–5] have shown several potential applications of D Sight in the field of nondestructive inspection of aircraft structures. The technique has been shown to be particularly effective in locating nonvisible impact damage on large surfaces of aircraft structures built from composite materials. The early work at the IAR, NRCC led to a development program for a D Sight based device for impact damage location. In parallel, new potential applications for D Sight have been identified
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