Profil Stabilitas Fisika Kimia Masker Gel Peel-off Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.)

Ekstrak kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) kaya akan kandungan xanton yang diketahui bersifat sebagai antioksidan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, telah dilakukan optimasi formula masker gel peel-off ekstrak kulit buah manggis. Namun, formula optimal yang diperoleh belum tentu memiliki stabilitas yang baik selama penyimpanan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui profil stabilitas fisik masker gel peel-off ekstrak kulit buah manggis dengan HPMC sebagai gelling agent. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengumpulkan simplisia, ekstraksi, standarisasi ekstrak, fomulasi dan penetapan profil stabilitas fisika kimia. Simplisia diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian diformulasi menjadi sediaan masker gel peel-off lalu ditetapkan profil stabilitas fisika (organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, sineresis) dan kimia (pH) dari masker gel peel off ekstrak kulit buah manggis. Profil stabilitas sediaan ditetapkan selama penyimpanan 28 hari pada suhu 30°C. Penetapan profil stabilitas didasarkan dengan melihat Perubahan yang terjadi dimulai dari awal formulasi hingga 28 hari penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan masker gel peel off ekstrak kulit buah manggis stabil selama penyimpanan 28 hari pada suhu 300C

Gene Discovery in the Threatened Elkhorn Coral: 454 Sequencing of the Acropora palmata Transcriptome

BACKGROUND: Cnidarians, including corals and anemones, offer unique insights into metazoan evolution because they harbor genetic similarities with vertebrates beyond that found in model invertebrates and retain genes known only from non-metazoans. Cataloging genes expressed in Acropora palmata, a foundation-species of reefs in the Caribbean and western Atlantic, will advance our understanding of the genetic basis of ecologically important traits in corals and comes at a time when sequencing efforts in other cnidarians allow for multi-species comparisons. RESULTS: A cDNA library from a sample enriched for symbiont free larval tissue was sequenced on the 454 GS-FLX platform. Over 960,000 reads were obtained and assembled into 42,630 contigs. Annotation data was acquired for 57% of the assembled sequences. Analysis of the assembled sequences indicated that 83-100% of all A. palmata transcripts were tagged, and provided a rough estimate of the total number genes expressed in our samples (~18,000-20,000). The coral annotation data contained many of the same molecular components as in the Bilateria, particularly in pathways associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage repair, and provided evidence that homologs of p53, a key player in DNA repair pathways, has experienced selection along the branch separating Cnidaria and Bilateria. Transcriptome wide screens of paralog groups and transition/transversion ratios highlighted genes including: green fluorescent proteins, carbonic anhydrase, and oxidative stress proteins; and functional groups involved in protein and nucleic acid metabolism, and the formation of structural molecules. These results provide a starting point for study of adaptive evolution in corals. CONCLUSIONS: Currently available transcriptome data now make comparative studies of the mechanisms underlying coral's evolutionary success possible. Here we identified candidate genes that enable corals to maintain genomic integrity despite considerable exposure to genotoxic stress over long life spans, and showed conservation of important physiological pathways between corals and bilaterians

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Severe Impact and Subsequent Recovery of a Coral Assemblage following the 1997–8 El Niño Event: A 17-Year Study from Bahia, Brazil

The coral reefs of northern Bahia evolved in isolation from other Atlantic systems and under conditions of high environmental stress, particularly high turbidity. We have monitored the scleractinian assemblage of four shallow bank reefs (Praia do Forte, Itacimirim, Guarajuba and Abai) annually for 17 years since 1995, collecting quantitative data on diversity and density of coral colonies. As the sampling period included the 1997-8 El Niño event, the most severe on record, for the first time these results allow a quantitative assessment of the long-term impact of this major environmental stressor on such a coral assemblage. After El Niño, most species showed significantly reduced densities of colonies, this decline occurring for the subsequent two years without evidence of any new settlement until 2001. From 2000 to 2007 the species Porites astreoides went unrecorded. Recovery was slow, and multivariate analysis revealed that assemblages had not returned to the pre-El Niño state until 2011. It therefore took 13 years for full recovery of the coral assemblage to occur, which has consequences for reef systems if such El-Niño events become more frequent in the future

Solar-assisted dual-source multifunctional heat pump: Field tests results and thermodynamic analysis

The integration between heat pumps and renewable energy sources (i.e., solar energy) is a promising and recognised technology to reduce primary energy consumption for building cooling/heating. This paper contributes to the existing discussion concerning field performances of multifunctional solar-assisted heat pumps, for cooling/heating applications, and for the production of domestic hot water. The proposed system has been tested experimentally, in a detached house in Milan, to obtain the seasonal performances; in particular, based on experimental observations, energy and exergy analyses have been formulated and applied to the heat pump control volume and to the whole system control volume. The results of the energy analysis have demonstrated that the system was able to maintain high efficiency in the different seasons. The exergy efficiencies of the heat pump and of the whole system were similar in their values, thus suggesting that the heat pump control volume is the location where most of the exergy losses occur, thus pointing out where the future research activities should focus to improve the performance of the proposed system

A screening of low-GWP refrigerant for ejector refrigeration

Ejector refrigeration is a promising technology to reduce primary energy consumption for building cooling. Unfortunately, a change in the design criteria (i.e., geometry, working fluid, operating conditions) influences the system performance owing to variations in the local fluid dynamic phenomena at the "local-scale". For this reason, a general agreement on ejector performance is far from being reached. In addition, a general assessment of ejector performance is even more challenging when considering the recent regulations concerning the working fluids, which are going to phase-out most of the refrigerants commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Despite there are different options to replace them, no refrigerant has yet imposed. This paper contributes to the discussion on the screening of working fluids, using a previouslyvalidated lumped parameter model. The modelling approach has been applied to sub-critic ejector refrigeration systems and some alternatives to high GWP refrigerants are considered. The influence of the generator, the evaporator and the condenser temperatures over the ejector performance, for the different working fluids, have been presented and commented. The results are comments in terms of entrainment ratio and coefficient of performance, to provide indications and guidelines for refrigerant selection in prospective ejector refrigeration systems

Identifying, measuring and analysing multidimensional attributes for design and redesign consideration

In product research, it is clearly not enough to show that people prefer one product to another; in addition, the attributes of the product that cause them to prefer it must be shown. Saaty\u27s (1977,1980) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an appropriate method for measuring and analyzing multidimensional attributes for design and redesign considerations. It is not reasonable, however, to expect that consumers are able and willing pairwise to compare attributes, as Saaty\u27s method assumes. A methodology is proposed for transforming rank ordered data into pairwise comparison matrices, so that AHP can be used for measuring consumer preferences. The methodology is applied to the design of milk containers. The idea that serious and systematic consideration of complex attributes occurs is enlightening when their implications for product planning and development are considered

Understanding production systems through human simulation: Experiencing JIC (Just-in-Case), JIT (Just-in-Time) and OPT (Optimised-Production-Technology) production systems

The just-in-case (JIC) system is a push system. In many companies, materials and parts are pushed from one process to the next to guard against bringing the production line or system to a halt. A just-in-time (JIT) production system is an integrated manufacturing and supply system aimed at eliminating waste and producing the highest quality and the lowest cost products. Its advantages include: 1. shortening lead-time, 2. reducing time spent on nonprocessing work, 3. providing better balancing processes, and 4. reducing poor quality products. Optimized production technology (OPT) is a procedure to schedule work centers with finite loading. To improve student comprehension in a Production/Operations Management course, these 3 production/inventory control systems are simulated through a human simulation called a production walk. Throughput time is equal to the time between the first person leaving and the last person returning. Work-in-process inventory is the amount of the walk between the first and the last person

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PLANNING AND AN ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES

Abstract not availabl