Plan estratégico de la empresa Topitop

En el presente documento se elabora el Planeamiento Estratégico de la empresa Topitop. Esta empresa es una de las principales compañías del sector textil peruano que ocupa uno de primeros lugares del ranking exportador. Topitop cubre casi toda la cadena de producción textil, desde la fabricación del hilado pasando por sus diferentes etapas de producción hasta la venta retail de prendas de vestir. Luego de casi tres décadas de aprendizaje competitivo y mejora continua, Topitop es una empresa con gran experiencia de innovación en confecciones, que se refleja en una marcada preferencia del consumidor final del Perú y del exterior, prueba de ello son sus numerosos locales en el mercado local e internacional así como la preferencia por sus prendas por parte de marcas internacionales tales como Hugo Boss, Massimo Dutti, etc. Topitop cuenta con dos unidades de negocios claramente diferencias, la unidad de manufactura y la unidad de retail. Una de las grandes ventajas competitivas que tiene Topitop en el mercado peruano nace precisamente de esa alta integración vertical. Esto le permite reducir tiempos de producción y de respuesta a los clientes y consumidores de sus productos. Los grandes desafíos de Topitop son continuar siendo una empresa manufacturera competitiva a nivel internacional y ser capaz de competir con la competencia que proviene de Asia y otros países emergentes; y convertirse uno de los grandes retailers de prendas de vestir en el continente sudamericanoIn this document we have developed the Strategic Plan for the company Topitop. This company is one of the leading companies in the Peruvian textile industry and it occupies one of the first places in the ranking of the Peruvian textile exporters. Topitop covers almost the entire textile production chain, from elaboration of the thread passing through the manufacturing of the fabrics and the garments to the final stage of selling them to final customer. After nearly three decades of competitive learning and continuous improvement, Topitop is a company with great experience in apparel innovation, reflected in a strong preference by the final consumer of Peru and abroad, proof of this is the number of stores locally and internationally and the preference for its products by brands such as Hugo Boss, Massimo Dutti, etc. Topitop has two business units clearly differences, the manufacturing unit and the retail unit. One of the major competitive advantages that Topitop possess in the Peruvian market arises precisely from its high vertical integration. This allows it to reduce lead times and responsiveness to customers and consumers of their products. In the future Topitop faces some big challenges. The first one is to remain competitive, both nationally and internationally in the manufacturing and retail textile industry. Right now Topitop is facing the growing competition of Asian and other developing countries textile companies. The second challenge is to leverage the brand recognition and market strength that Topitop retail has in Peru to other South American countries and consequently become one of the mayor players in the industryTesi

Evolutionarily conserved Tbx5-Wnt2/2b pathway orchestrates cardiopulmonary development

Codevelopment of the lungs and heart underlies key evolutionary innovations in the transition to terrestrial life. Cardiac specializations that support pulmonary circulation, including the atrial septum, are generated by second heart field (SHF) cardiopulmonary progenitors (CPPs). It has been presumed that transcription factors required in the SHF for cardiac septation, e.g., Tbx5, directly drive a cardiac morphogenesis gene-regulatory network. Here, we report instead that TBX5 directly drives Wnt ligands to initiate a bidirectional signaling loop between cardiopulmonary mesoderm and the foregut endoderm for endodermal pulmonary specification and, subsequently, atrial septation. We show that Tbx5 is required for pulmonary specification in mice and amphibians but not for swim bladder development in zebrafish. TBX5 is non-cell-autonomously required for pulmonary endoderm specification by directly driving Wnt2 and Wnt2b expression in cardiopulmonary mesoderm. TBX5 ChIP-sequencing identified cis-regulatory elements at Wnt2 sufficient for endogenous Wnt2 expression domains in vivo and required for Wnt2 expression in precardiac mesoderm in vitro. Tbx5 cooperated with Shh signaling to drive Wnt2b expression for lung morphogenesis. Tbx5 haploinsufficiency in mice, a model of Holt-Oram syndrome, caused a quantitative decrement of mesodermal-to-endodermal Wnt signaling and subsequent endodermal-to-mesodermal Shh signaling required for cardiac morphogenesis. Thus, Tbx5 initiates a mesoderm-endoderm-mesoderm signaling loop in lunged vertebrates that provides a molecular basis for the coevolution of pulmonary and cardiac structures required for terrestrial life

Tbx2 and Tbx3 induce atrioventricular myocardial development and endocardial cushion formation

A key step in heart development is the coordinated development of the atrioventricular canal (AVC), the constriction between the atria and ventricles that electrically and physically separates the chambers, and the development of the atrioventricular valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow. Using knock-out and inducible overexpression mouse models, we provide evidence that the developmentally important T-box factors Tbx2 and Tbx3, in a functionally redundant manner, maintain the AVC myocardium phenotype during the process of chamber differentiation. Expression profiling and ChIP-sequencing analysis of Tbx3 revealed that it directly interacts with and represses chamber myocardial genes, and induces the atrioventricular pacemaker-like phenotype by activating relevant genes. Moreover, mutant mice lacking 3 or 4 functional alleles of Tbx2 and Tbx3 failed to form atrioventricular cushions, precursors of the valves and septa. Tbx2 and Tbx3 trigger development of the cushions through a regulatory feed-forward loop with Bmp2, thus providing a mechanism for the co-localization and coordination of these important processes in heart development

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

A reference map of murine cardiac transcription factor chromatin occupancy identifies dynamic and conserved enhancers

Mapping the chromatin occupancy of transcription factors (TFs) is a key step in deciphering developmental transcriptional programs. Here we use biotinylated knockin alleles of seven key cardiac TFs (GATA4, NKX2-5, MEF2A, MEF2C, SRF, TBX5, TEAD1) to sensitively and reproducibly map their genome-wide occupancy in the fetal and adult mouse heart. These maps show that TF occupancy is dynamic between developmental stages and that multiple TFs often collaboratively occupy the same chromatin region through indirect cooperativity. Multi-TF regions exhibit features of functional regulatory elements, including evolutionary conservation, chromatin accessibility, and activity in transcriptional enhancer assays. H3K27ac, a feature of many enhancers, incompletely overlaps multi-TF regions, and multi-TF regions lacking H3K27ac retain conservation and enhancer activity. TEAD1 is a core component of the cardiac transcriptional network, co-occupying cardiac regulatory regions and controlling cardiomyocyte-specific gene functions. Our study provides a resource for deciphering the cardiac transcriptional regulatory network and gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms governing heart development

Aportes de los marcadores bioquímicos para el establecimiento de los protocolos en el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal en el sistema hospitalario docente de la Universidad de Guayaquil

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that reflects an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to infection .Include the presence of an infectious agent and at least some of the signs of systemic inflammatory response, such as altered thermoregulation and changes in heart and respiratory rate are usually initially undetectable. When the systemic inflammatory response remains and worsens the patient developed multiple organ dysfunction, with varying degrees of shock, followed eventually by death. The issue of the application of biochemical markers in the laboratory in the detection of neonatal sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care hospital centers, is of great importance to the severe infection in which infants children are exposed to the first hours of life, because in some cases the death of these patients are not properly diagnosed, much less medicated by the specialist can come to occur. Which does not have a detailed, in order to face the bacteria that is causing the sepsis clinical analysis, research on bibliographic, descriptive , retrospective way , and transverse profiles laboratory results of neonatal patients who for various reasons are assisted in the intensive care unit of the Hospital System Professor of the University of Guayaquil, for that blood samples from different patients were obtained. The objective was to describe the methodology used for the diagnosis and management of this event , the steps of a suspected outbreak in these services , as rising infant morbidity and mortality were described. This method allowed the confirmation of the diagnosis and thus achieve a better quality of life , using methods of biochemical and hematological tests , with the help of reagents and laboratory equipment tips to get specific results with a high degree of sensitivity that allows provide security at the time of diagnosis by the specialist . The sample will consist of all infants cared for in the intensive care unit of the hospital, to carry out this process, a universe comprised of neonatal patients of male and female sexes, obtaining these data will be used the proposal will organize lab protocols hematological, bacteriological, and biochemical to maximize results that provide a quick and timely detection, the benefit of the infant who has severe maternal intra or extra- maternal infection , as well as nosocomial infection.Las enfermedades infecciosas son causas muy importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en el período neonatal. La Sepsis, es considerada como una de las condiciones que amenazan la mayor parte de este período. La Sepsis es un síndrome clínico que refleja una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica descontrolada ante una infección. Incluye la presencia de un agente infeccioso y al menos algunos de los signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, como alteraciones de la regulación térmica y cambios en la frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria que suelen ser inicialmente imperceptibles. Cuando la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica se mantiene y agrava el paciente desarrollará disfunción orgánica múltiple, con diferentes grados de shock, seguidos eventualmente por la muerte. La problemática de la aplicación de los marcadores bioquímicos en el laboratorio en la detección de la sepsis neonatal en la unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal de Centros Hospitalarios, es de gran importancia ante la severa infección en la que los neonatos niños y niñas, están expuestos en las primeras horas de vida, ya que en algunos casos puede llegar a producirse el deceso de dichos pacientes que no está debidamente diagnosticado, ni mucho menos medicado por parte del especialista. El cual no cuenta con un análisis clínico detallado, para poder enfrentar la bacteria que esté ocasionando la sepsis; la investigación realizada de manera bibliográfica, descriptiva, retrospectivo, y transversal, fichas de resultados de laboratorio, de los pacientes neonatos que por distintas causas son asistidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Sistema Hospitalario Docente de la Universidad de Guayaquil, para ello se obtendrán las muestras de sangre de los diferentes pacientes. El objetivo fue describir la metodología empleada para el diagnóstico y control de este evento, se describieron los pasos a seguir ante la sospecha de un brote en estos servicios, pues eleva la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. Este método permitió la confirmación de los diagnósticos y con ello logren una mejor calidad de vida, utilizando métodos de ensayos bioquímicos y hematológicos, con la ayuda de reactivos y equipos de punta de laboratorio, para obtener resultados específicos con un alto grado de sensibilidad que permita brindar seguridad al momento de diagnosticar por parte del especialista. La muestra estará conformada por todos los neonatos asistidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital, para llevar a cabo este proceso se utilizará una universo conformado por pacientes neonatos de los sexos masculinos y femeninos, de la obtención de estos datos se hará la propuesta de organizar los protocolos de laboratorio de pruebas hematológicas, bacteriológicas, y bioquímicas para maximizar los resultados que ofrezcan una detección rápida y oportuna, en beneficio del neonato que presenta una grave infección intramaterna o extramaterna, así como también infección nosocomial

Notch Signaling Is Essential for Ventricular Chamber Development

Grego-Bessa, Joaquín et al.Ventricular chamber morphogenesis, first manifested by trabeculae formation, is crucial for cardiac function and embryonic viability and depends on cellular interactions between the endocardium and myocardium. We show that ventricular Notch1 activity is highest at presumptive trabecular endocardium. RBPJk and Notch1 mutants show impaired trabeculation and marker expression, attenuated EphrinB2, NRG1, and BMP10 expression and signaling, and decreased myocardial proliferation. Functional and molecular analyses show that Notch inhibition prevents EphrinB2 expression, and that EphrinB2 is a direct Notch target acting upstream of NRG1 in the ventricles. However, BMP10 levels are found to be independent of both EphrinB2 and NRG1 during trabeculation. Accordingly, exogenous BMP10 rescues the myocardial proliferative defect of in vitro-cultured RBPJk mutants, while exogenous NRG1 rescues differentiation in parallel. We suggest that during trabeculation Notch independently regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation, two exquisitely balanced processes whose perturbation may result in congenital heart disease.J.G.-B. was partially supported by a basic and clinical research fellowship from the Spanish Society for Cardiology. This work was funded by grants SAF2004-05204 (Spanish Ministry of Education and Science) and GR/SAL/0851/2004 and 200520M072 (Regional Government of Madrid) to J.L.d.l.P. The Department of Immunology and Oncology was founded and is supported by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and by Pfizer.Peer reviewe

Evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Latin America

Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA; Wyeth; Johnson Johnson; Schering-Plough; Cerexa; Therevance; Avexa; Merck; Tibotec for HIV research; Sharp; Dohm

Epidemiology of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Latin America

Pfizer Inc