Effect of management system and dietary yeast autolysate on the performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of partridges (Alectoris chukar)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of management system (a floor housing (FH) versus a free-range housing (FRH) system) and dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (1% versus 2% dietary supplement) on the performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of partridges (Alectoris chukar). A total of 480 (240 for each management system) one-day-old male partridge chicks were randomly allocated to a control group and the two dietary groups per production system, each containing 80 chicks. Each dietary group was then divided into five replicate groups of 16 chicks. The study lasted 112 days. In terms of growth performance, partridges reared under FRH management system had a lower average daily live weight gain (ADG), a significantly higher feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. However, partridges fed diets with yeast autolysate had a significantly higher ADG, lower FI, and an improved FCR compared to the control group overall. The gizzard, leg, and wing percentages of the partridges reared in the FRH system were found to be significantly higher than those of partridges reared in the FH system, while the breast and abdominal fat percentages were found to be lower. Dietary supplementation with yeast autolysate significantly increased the cold carcass yield and breast percentage when compared to the control group, while wing and abdominal fat percentages were decreased. In general, best performance was observed in the dietary supplementation group of 1% yeast autolysate in terms of growth and carcass parameters. When considering the fact that partridges are gamebirds, that housing poultry in cage production systems has been prohibited in recent years and that there are positive effects associated with using yeast autolysate as a prebiotic, it is recommended that a free-range production system should be used for partridge breeding, with the addition of 1% yeast autolysate to the diet of the birds.Keywords: Carcass attributes, gamebird, growth, housing syste

Activating mutations of STAT5B and STAT3 in lymphomas derived from γδ-T or NK cells

Lymphomas arising from NK or γδ-T cells are very aggressive diseases and little is known regarding their pathogenesis. Here we report frequent activating mutations of STAT3 and STAT5B in NK/T-cell lymphomas (n=51), γδ-T-cell lymphomas (n=43) and their cell lines (n=9) through next generation and/or Sanger sequencing. STAT5B N642H is particularly frequent in all forms of γδ-T-cell lymphomas. STAT3 and STAT5B mutations are associated with increased phosphorylated protein and a growth advantage to transduced cell lines or normal NK cells. Growth-promoting activity of the mutants can be partially inhibited by a JAK1/2 inhibitor. Molecular modelling and surface plasmon resonance measurements of the N642H mutant indicate a marked increase in binding affinity of the phosphotyrosine-Y699 with the mutant histidine. This is associated with the prolonged persistence of the mutant phosphoSTAT5B and marked increase of binding to target sites. Our findings suggest that JAK-STAT pathway inhibition may represent a therapeutic strategy. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

An alternative application to the portuguese agro-industrial residue : wheat straw

The effects of alkaline treatments of the wheat straw with sodium hydroxide were investigated. The optimal condition for extraction of hemicelluloses was found to be with 0.50 mol/l sodium hydroxide at 55 °C for 2 h. This resulted in the release of 17.3% of hemicellulose (% dry starting material), corresponding to the dissolution of 49.3% of the original hemicellulose. The yields were determined by gravimetric analysis and expressed as a proportion of the starting material. Chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the samples of hemicelluloses were elucidated by a combination of sugar analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal analysis. The results showed that the treatments were very effective on the extraction of hemicelluloses from wheat straw and that the extraction intensity (expressed in terms of alkali concentration) had a great influence on the yield and chemical features of the hemicelluloses. The FTIR analysis revealed typical signal pattern for the hemicellulosic fraction in the 1,200–1,000 cm−1 region. Bands between 1,166 and 1,000 cm−1 are typical of xylans.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/Brazil (FAPESP)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BPD/26156/2005, SFRH/BPD/26108/200

Platelet-rich plasma for regeneration of neural feedback pathways around dental implants: a concise review and outlook on future possibilities

published_or_final_versio

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Dual fluoroscopic evaluation of human tibiofemoral joint kinematics during a prolonged standing: A pilot study

WOS: 000475464100011A complete knowledge of tibiofemoral joint kinematics is essential for understanding the function of the healthy and pathological joint. The objective of the present study was to establish a dual fluoroscopic measurement protocol and a data processing approach for the creep response of the knee joint in order to further evaluate the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and meniscus in vivo. A computational approach was developed for the determination of 3D translations and rotations of the joints of young participants with no history of injury using dual fluoroscopic images of loaded joints and joint geometry reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging of the unloaded joints. High-resolution X-ray images were obtained for the distal femur and proximal tibia during 10-min standing when approximately 3/4 body weight was slowly applied to the right leg and then kept constant for the rest duration of the test. Anatomic coordinate systems were established for the 3D models of distal femur and proximal tibia. Translations and rotations of the joint as functions of time were then evaluated using the X-ray images and these coordinate systems with the JointTrack software. The displacements in the proximal-distal direction obtained from two participants were consistent, showing a substantial increase in the initial phase when joint loading increased from nil to 3/4 body weight and a continued small increase over time while the joint loading remained constant. The maximum anterior-posterior translations during 10-min standing were approximately 4 mm for both participants, although one showed better stability than the other. In conclusion, a creep loading protocol of the knee joint can be reasonably established for in vivo conditions and evaluated with the image-based computational approach. (C) 2019 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaWe would also like to especially thank TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for the financial and moral support of Sabri Uzuner's visit to the University of Calgary. This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

The effect of excisional arthroplasty with palmaris longus tendon on carpal height ratio in stage 3 Kienböck's disease

PubMed ID: 22245814Objective: Treatment methods in Kienböck's disease remain controversial despite the long-term awareness of the disease by orthopedic surgeons. Currently, excisional arthroplasty with a palmaris longus tendon ball is one of the most frequently used treatment methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of thirty-eight patients who had been treated with excisional arthroplasty and palmaris longus tendon ball, as well as the effect of this method on carpal height. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 38 patients (mean age: 30.4 years; range: 17-64 years) with Stage 3 Kienböck's disease who underwent excisional arthroplasty between 1978 and 2008. According to the Lichtman classification, 8 patients were classified as Stage 3a and 30 patients were classified as Stage 3b in Kienböck's disease. The mean duration of followup after surgery was 81.3 (range: 25 to 264) months. The outcomes were evaluated with joint range of motion, grip strength and functional assessment of Nakamura and radiographic changes in carpal height. Results: According to the Nakamura's scoring system the results were excellent in 22 (57.9%) patients, good in 13 (34.2%) and moderate in 3 (7.9%). Comparison of pre- and postoperative range of motion of the wrist revealed an average increase in wrist extension of 10° (p?0.05), and an average decrease in ulnar deviation of 4° (p?0.05) after the operation. No significant difference was observed when comparing other joint range of motion parameters. Dynamometric grip strength measurements revealed significant differences between the healthy and operated sides (67.6 kgf vs. 45.9 kgf, respectively; p?0.05). The decrease in the revised carpal height ratio were significant. Conclusion: According to patient satisfaction rate and clinical results, the outcome of excisional arthroplasty with palmaris longus tendon ball in Stage 3 Kienböck's disease is satisfactory. However, carpal height reduction and development of degenerative changes may be expected in long-term follow-up. © 2011 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology