Introducing the Construct of the Jury into Family Violence Proceedings and Family Court Jurisprudence

This Article draws upon both the theory of and research on procedural justice holding that litigants often focus on the appearance of fairness rather than on the actual outcome. Thus, when litigants are able to choose the modality of fact-finding, they may be more accepting of the legal process, even if the outcome is not favorable to them. Allowing the option of a jury, even if not exercised, may dramatically improve the perceptions of litigants and may affect the legitimacy and longevity of case outcomes

Making the Invisible Visible: Exploring Implicit Bias, Judicial Diversity, and The Bench Trial

All people harbor implicit biases—which by definition, are not always consciously recognized. Although trial judges are specifically trained to compartmentalize and shield their decisions from their own biases, implicit biases nonetheless seep into judicial decision making. This article explores various strategies to decrease implicit bias in bench trials. Questions are then raised about whether a judge who has faced bias personally would be more amenable and more open to curbing implicit bias professionally. Ultimately, does diversifying the trial court judiciary minimize implicit bias, while also creating a varied, multidimensional judicial voice comprised of multiple perspectives? This article will explore this potential interplay between diversifying the trial court judiciary and reducing implicit bias, while urging future quantitative research

Healing Sex-Trafficked Children: A Domestic Family Law Approach to an International Epidemic

Children who have been trafficked into and within the United States for commercial sexual exploitation endure significant psychological and physical trauma. Because there is a salient nexus between the inherent violence of trafficking and that of family violence and childhood sexual abuse, this Article explores how the United States might assist victimized children by utilizing governmental systems that are already in existence. Specifically, the therapeutic foster care ( TFC ) model is an established model of care that is flexible enough to meet the numerous and complicated issues associated with the reintegration and treatment needs of child sex-trafficking survivors. This Article recommends that TFC be adapted and expanded to heal sex-trafficked children in a safe, nurturing, and culturally competent manner. Particularly in tandem with specialized programs or non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ), the TFC model may be another avenue in healing the sex-trafficked children within our borders

Line profile analysis of the Delta Scuti star HD2724=BB Phe: mode identification and amplitude variations

The line profile variations of the Delta Scuti star HD 2724=BB Phe were studied on the basis of new 189 high-resolution spectrograms covering 52 hours of observations on a baseline of 8.3 days. By combining these results with those of a previous campaign 13 pulsation modes were identified: 5 of them are both photometric and spectroscopic, 3 are purely spectroscopic and 5 purely photometric. For the first time it was possible to compare spectroscopic data taken in two different seasons: 6 modes were found to be common to both datasets and furthermore strong amplitude variations of the excited modes were detected. The fit of the line profile variations with a model of non-radial pulsating star allowed us to obtain a reasonable estimate of the inclination of the rotational axis and to propose the l,m typing of the spectroscopic modes. The frequency content resembles that of 4 CVn, a delta Sct star with similar physical parameters.Comment: 7 pages (in A&A style), 5 ps figures (Fig. 4 in colour) Accepted for A&A Main Journa

Pulsation of the Lambda Bootis star HD 210111

CONTEXT. The Lambda Bootis stars are a small spectroscopic subgroup of Population I A-type stars and show significant underabundances of metals. Many are Delta Scuti pulsators. AIMS. HD 210111 was selected for a detailed multisite pulsation study to determine whether its pulsation properties differ from those of normal A stars. METHODS. 262 hours of high-precision photometry were obtained at the SAAO and SSO observatories. RESULTS. 13 statistically significant pulsation frequencies were detected with very small photometric amplitudes from 1 to 7 millimag in the visual. A comparison with earlier 1994 measurements indicates a small increase in amplitude. As a byproduct, one of the comparison stars, HD 210571, was discovered to be a millimag variable with a frequency of 1.235 c/d and is probably a new Gamma Doradus variable. The observed wide range of excited frequencies from 12 to 30 c/d in HD 210111 can be explained with both the single- and double-star hypothesis. HD 210111 is in a similar evolutionary status to FG Vir, which also shows a wide range of excited frequencies with a similar frequency spacing near 4 c/d. This is interpreted as successive radial orders of the excited nonradial modes. In the double-star hypothesis previously evoked for HD 210111, the low and the high frequencies originate in different stars: here HD 210111 would resemble Theta^2 Tau. CONCLUSIONS. The pulsation of the Lambda Bootis star HD 210111 does not differ from that of normal Delta Scuti stars.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, submitted to A&

The multimode pulsation of the delta Scuti star V784 Cassiopeae

We present an analysis of new Johnson and Stromgren photometric and medium-resolution spectroscopic observations of the delta Scuti type variable star V784 Cassiopeae. The data were obtained in three consecutive years between 1999 and 2001. The period analysis of the light curve resulted in the detection of four frequencies ranging from 9.15 c/d to 15.90 c/d, while there is a suggestion for more, unresolved frequency components, too. The mean Stromgren indices and Hipparcos parallax were combined to calculate the following physical parameters: =7100+-100 K, log g=3.8+-0.1, M_bol=1.50+-0.15 mag. The position of the star in the HR diagram was used to derive evolutionary mass and age yielding to a consistent picture of an evolved delta Scuti star with a mixture of radial plus non-radial modes.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&

The new HiVIS spectropolarimeter and spectropolarimetric calibration of the AEOS telescope

We designed, built, and calibrated a new spectropolarimeter for the HiVIS spectrograph (R 12000-49000) on the AEOS telescope. We also did a polarization calibration of the telescope and instrument. We will introduce the design and use of the spectropolarimeter as well as a new data reduction package we have developed, then discuss the polarization calibration of the spectropolarimeter and the AEOS telescope. We used observations of unpolarized standard stars at many pointings to measure the telescope induced polarization and compare it with a Zemax model. The telescope induces polarization of 1-6% with a strong variation with wavelength and pointing, consistent with the altitude and azimuth variation expected. We then used scattered sunlight as a linearly polarized source to measure the telescopes spectropolarimetric response to linearly polarized light. We then made an all-sky map of the telescope's polarization response to calibrate future spectropolarimetry.Comment: PASP 118, June 200

Estimating the impacts of interventions on non-AIDS risk factors in observational HIV cohorts

Non-AIDS risk factors contribute to persisting health disparities between people with HIV and the general population in the current era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the optimal combination of interventions used in conjunction with ART to improve long-term outcomes remains unclear. In Aim 1, we used the parametric g-computation estimator to estimate the effects of combined interventions on non-AIDS risk factors on the risk of all-cause mortality among 1016 ART-naïve women enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) between 1998 and 2017. Modeled interventions on alcohol and smoking combined with prompt initiation of modern ART decreased the 8-year risk of mortality compared to intervening solely on ART. Strategies that eliminated these non-AIDS risk factors achieved greater improvements in survival than strategies that reduced the prevalence of alcohol and smoking based on the expected efficacy of existing, real-world interventions. In Aim 2, we developed and validated two-stage g-computation estimators that leverage partially observed information in the full study sample with complete exposure information available in a subset. Using a hypothetical cohort simulated to represent women with HIV enrolled in waves 2-4 of the WIHS, we illustrated a two-stage extrapolation g-computation estimator of the population average treatment effect and two-stage inverse probability weighted and exposure imputation g-computation estimators of the population average intervention effect. In 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations, two-stage approaches approximated the true values of the parameters of interest, considerably reduced bias and root mean squared error, and improved 95% confidence limit coverage compared to the naïve g-computation estimator fit to complete cases. While modern ART has transformed the prognosis of HIV to a manageable chronic condition, non-AIDS risk factors remain significant contributors to early mortality. Our results suggest that interventions targeting alcohol and smoking may further reduce the risk of mortality. Achieving optimal health outcomes, however, will require more efficacious interventions as well as evaluation of interventions on other non-AIDS-related exposures that may not be completely measured in existing cohorts. While missing data threaten validity and precision, proposed two-stage g-computation estimators can be used to make progress in the face of these challenges.Doctor of Philosoph

A New SX Phe Star in the Globular Cluster M15

A new SX Phe star (labelled SXP1) found from $BV$ CCD photometry is the first to be discovered in the globular cluster M15. It is a blue straggler and is located 102\arcsec.8 north and 285\arcsec.6 west of the center of M15 \citep{har96}. Mean magnitudes of SXP1 are = 18$\fm$671 and = 18\fm445. The amplitude of variability of SXP1 is measured to be $\Delta V \approx 0.15$. From multiple-frequency analysis based on the Fourier decomposition method, we detect two very closely separated pulsating frequencies: the primary frequency at $f_1=24.630$ c/d for both $B$- and $V$-bands, and the secondary frequency at $f_2=24.338$ c/d for the $B$-band and 24.343 c/d for the $V$-band. This star is the second among known SX Phe stars found to pulsate with very closely separated frequencies ($f_2/f_1\ge0.95$). These frequencies may be explained by excitation of nonradial modes; however, we have an incomplete understanding of this phenomenon in the case of SX Phe stars with relatively high amplitudes. The metallicity-period and the variability amplitude-period relations for SXP1 in M15 are found to be consistent with those for SX Phe stars in other globular clusters.Comment: 15 pages with 6 figures, accepted by the Astronomical Journal (scheduled May 2001