Combined Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation on Sea Surface Temperature in the Alborán Sea

We explored the possible effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) on interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Albora´n Sea, both separately and combined. The probability of observing mean annual SST values higher than average was related to NAO and AO values of the previous year. The effect of NAO on SST was negative, while that of AO was positive. The pure effects of NAO and AO on SST are obscuring each other, due to the positive correlation between them. When decomposing SST, NAO and AO in seasonal values, we found that variation in mean annual SST and mean winter SST was significantly related to the mean autumn NAO of the previous year, while mean summer SST was related to mean autumn AO of the previous year. The one year delay in the effect of the NAO and AO on the SST could be partially related to the amount of accumulated snow, as we found a significant correlation between the total snow in the North Albora´n watershed for a year with the annual average SST of the subsequent year. A positive AO implies a colder atmosphere in the Polar Regions, which could favour occasional cold waves over the Iberian Peninsula which, when coupled with precipitations favoured by a negative NAO, may result in snow precipitation. This snow may be accumulated in the high peaks and melt down in spring-summer of the following year, which consequently increases the runoff of freshwater to the sea, which in turn causes a diminution of sea surface salinity and density, and blocks the local upwelling of colder water, resulting in a higher SST.CGL2009-11316 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain, and FEDER

Description of cognitive processes involved in essay-writing

Se estudiaron los procesos de planificación, transcripción, revisión, meta cognitivos y afectivos implicados en la construcción de un ensayo argumentativo realizado por 11 universitarios. Se aplicaron varios instrumentos elaborados por los autores: el Protocolo Verbal, el Cuestionario de Estrategias para Escritura de Ensayos, las Escalas de Auto-percepción de Eficacia en la Escritura y de Actitudes Hacia la Escritura,. Se hizo un conteo de frecuencias por componente para los datos textuales obtenidos a través del Protocolo Verbal, a partir de un análisis de contenido;, luego se calcularon porcentajes dentro de cada categoría para cada sujeto según su ejecución con respecto al grupo y se realizó un análisis descriptivo para los auto reportes. En la observación de los procesos a través del protocolo verbal, los participantes durante el proceso de la escritura del ensayo evidenciaron los componentes de planificación, transcripción, revisión y metacognición. Sin embargo, en revisión, ninguno de ellos presentó revisión por otros y en el componente de metacognición solamente dos participantes demostraron tener conciencia de la estructura del ensayo. En relación con los auto reportes, los participantes reportaron moderadas y altas estrategias en planificación, revisión, metacognición; y un nivel de desempeño entre moderado y alto de actitudes hacia la escritura y hacia la autopercepción de eficacia en la escritura cuando elaboran un ensayo.The processes of planning, transcription, revision, metacognition and affection involved in the construction of an argumentative essay written by 11 university students were examined. Several assessment instruments designed by the authors were administered: The Verbal Protocol, The Essay-writing Strategies Questionnaire and the Self-Perception Scales on Writing Efficacy and Attitude Toward Writing. A frequency count per component of the textual data obtained by means of the Verbal Protocol and based on a content analysis was carried out. Later, the percentages within each category were calculated for each subject, based on his/her performance with respect to the group. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the self-reports was done. At the time of observation of the above mentioned processes using the Verbal Protocol, six participants showed evidence of planning, transcription, revision and meta-cognition during the writing process. However, when doing revision, none of them presented revision by others, and on the metacognition component only two participants demonstrated their awareness of the essay structure. With respect to self-reports, the participants expressed moderate to high levels of planning, revision and metacognition strategies, as well as moderate to high scores on attitudes toward writing and self-perception of writing efficacy when elaborating an essay

On the Impact of the National Breath of Life Archival Institute for Indigenous Languages: Developing an Assessment Model for Archive-Based Revitalization

The National Breath of Life Archival Institute for Indigenous Languages has provided training in archive-based linguistic research for revitalization since 2011 (Baldwin et al. 2018). Four two-week workshops held biennially through 2017 provided training in phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax; on accessing archival documentation; and on applied uses of archive-based research for language revitalization. These workshops served 117 Community Researchers from fifty-five Native North American communities. Overtime, it became important to determine the impact of the workshops on community efforts. Thus, a third-party program assessment and evaluation was carried out, supported by the National Science Foundation Documenting Endangered Languages program (NSF-DEL BCS #1561167, PI D. Baldwin). In this paper, we outline the principles upon which the assessment and evaluation were designed, delve into the quantitative and qualitative methods implemented, and provide ample discussion of the assessment findings. We engage in a discussion on the importance and value of assessment and evaluation to any program akin to National Breath of Life. We close by showing how the assessment and evaluation have given validity to the development of new tools and workshops that address the needs of advanced phases of archive-based research for revitalization, and have also provided a foundation for the design of a Native American philology model. This was especially important considering that the workshops had remained mostly unchanged since they were first developed in the mid-1990s.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

Spatio-temporal distribution of juvenile oceanic whitetip shark incidental catch in the western Indian Ocean

Oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is an important top predator in pelagic ecosystems currently classified as globally Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. This species is incidentally caught by fisheries targeting highly migratory tunas and billfishes throughout the Indian Ocean. Understanding the temporal, spatial and environmental factors influencing the capture of this species is essential to reduce incidental catches. In this study, we used generalized additive models to analyze the spatio-temporal distributions of the juvenile oceanic whitetip shark catches and the environmental conditions in the western Indian Ocean using observer data from 2010 to 2020 of the European Union and associated flags purse seine fishery. We found sea surface temperature and nitrate concentration to be the most important environmental variables predicting the probability of catching an oceanic whitetip shark. A higher probability of capture was predicted in areas where sea surface temperature was below 24°C and with low nitrate concentrations close to zero and intermediate values (1.5-2.5 mmol.m-3). We also found a higher probability of capture in sets on fish aggregating devices than in sets on free schools of tuna. The Kenya and Somalia basin was identified to have higher probabilities of capture during the summer monsoon (June to September) when upwelling of deep cold waters occurs. We provide the first prediction maps of capture probabilities and insights into the environmental preferences of oceanic whitetip shark in the western Indian Ocean. However, the causal mechanisms behind these insights should be explored in future studies before they can be used to design spatial management and conservation strategies, such as time-area closures, for bycatch avoidance.Postprin

CLIWOC multilingual meteorological dictionary

This dictionary is the first attempt to express the wealth of archaic logbook wind force terms in a form that is comprehensible to the modern-day reader. Oliver and Kington (1970) and Lamb (1982) have drawn attention to the importance of logbooks in climatic studies, and Lamb (1991) offered a conversion scale for early eighteenth century English wind force terms, but no studies have thus far pursued the matter to any greater depth. This text attempts to make good this deficiency, and is derived from the research undertaken by the CLIWOC project1 in which British, Dutch, French and Spanish naval and merchant logbooks from the period 1750 to 1850 were used to derive a global database of climatic information. At an early stage in the project it was apparent that many of the logbook weather terms, whilst conforming to a conventional vocabulary, possessed meanings that were unclear to twenty-first century readers or had changed over time. This was particularly the case for the important element of wind force; but no special plea is entered for the evolution in nautical vocabulary, which often reflected more wide-ranging changes in the respective native languages.The key objective was to translate the archaic vocabulary of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century mariner into expressions directly comparable with the Beaufort Scale (see Appendix I). Only then could the projects scientific programme be embarked upon. This dictionary is the result of the largest undertaking into logbook studies that has yet been carried out. Several thousand logbooks from British, Dutch, French and Spanish archives were examined, and the exercise offered a unique opportunity to explore the vocabulary of the one hundred year period beginning in 1750. The logbooks from which the raw data have been abstracted range widely across the North and South Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. Only the Pacific, largely in consequence of the paucity of regular naval activity in that area, is not well represented. The range of climates encountered in this otherwise wide geographic domain gives ample opportunity for the full range of the mariners nautical weather vocabulary to be assessed, from the calms of the Equatorial regions, through the gales of the mid-latitude systems to the fearsome storms of the tropical latitudes. The Trade Winds belts, the Doldrums, the unsettled mid-latitudes, even the icy wastes of the high latitudes, are all embraced in this study. It is not here intended to pass any judgements on the climatological record of the logbooks, and this text seeks only to provide a means of understanding archaic wind force terms and, other than to indicate those items that were not commonly used, no information is given on the frequency with which different terms appeared in the logbooks. Attention is, furthermore, confined to Dutch, English, French and Spanish because these once great imperial powers were the only nations able to support wide-ranging ocean-going fleets with their attendant collections of logbooks and documents over this long period of time. The work is offered to the wider academic community in the hope that they will prove to be of as much value as it has been to the CLIWOC team

Apego al lugar de residencia, construcción de identidad y calidad de vida

En este capítulo se abordan, en primer lugar, los conceptos de lugar y apego, posteriormente se presenta la teoría tripartita sobre apego al lugar y finalmente se describe el papel que juega el apego en los procesos de renovación urbana.1a edició

Building Successful Partnerships for Technology Transfer

As budgets for Cooperative Extension projects get tighter, many units are enticed to consider partnerships with agencies and organizations to continue to proactively deliver services. Our experience working with the USDA Forest Service in a partnership that involves joint staffing and funding for technology transfer and research projects enables us to offer specific advice on how to use this tool most effectively. Communication and planning are essential and should cover everything from who gets office keys to who hires temporary staff

Two-dimensional tunneling in a SQUID

Traditionally quantum tunneling in a static SQUID is studied on the basis of a classical trajectory in imaginary time under a two-dimensional potential barrier. The trajectory connects a potential well and an outer region crossing their borders in perpendicular directions. In contrast to that main-path mechanism, a wide set of trajectories with components tangent to the border of the well can constitute an alternative mechanism of multi-path tunneling. The phenomenon is essentially non-one-dimensional. Continuously distributed paths under the barrier result in enhancement of tunneling probability. A type of tunneling mechanism (main-path or multi-path) depends on character of a state in the potential well prior to tunneling.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Local avifauna : a tool for conservation, ecotourism and environmental education

1 recurso en línea (páginas 17-34).Photographic records of animal species in their environment have been widely used by researchers for species identification and ecological studies. In this study, we used photography as a tool to record and identify birds of the municipality of Páez, Boyacá, located in the Llanos foothills, with a landscape dominated by cloud forests, pastures and crops. We photographed and identified 133 bird species in roads and footpaths of the municipality; we found that the families Tyrannidae and Thraupidae, and the genus Tangara had the highest species diversity. All species reported here are in the Least Concern category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and 11 are migratory. The bird diversity of the municipality has a great potential for sustainable use. We report local common names for 63.16% of the registered species, and the sighting of 73.68% of these birds, identified with help from the community. In consequence, we propose further scientific research to assess the ecosystem services provided by birds and the use of the diversity and attractiveness of the avifauna to establish ecotouristic programs that promote the development of local communities.El registro fotográfico de especies animales en su ambiente ha sido ampliamente utilizado por los investigadores para su identificación y estudio. Con el propósito de explorar la avifauna del municipio de Páez (Boyacá, Colombia), localizado en el piedemonte llanero, con un paisaje dominado por áreas de bosque de niebla, pasturas y cultivos, se utilizó la fotografía como herramienta para registrarla e identificarla. Así, se fotografiaron e identificaron 133 especies de aves en caminos y carreteras del municipio, encontrando que las familias Tyrannidae y Thraupidae, así como el género Tangara, presentan la mayor diversidad. Todas las especies aquí reportadas se encuentran en la categoría de amenaza de Preocupación Menor de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, y 11 de estas especies son migratorias. Se identificaron, con ayuda de la comunidad, los nombres comunes locales para el 63.16% de las especies registradas, y se reporta el avistamiento del 73.68% de ellas. En consecuencia, proponemos adelantar investigaciónes científicas para evaluar los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las aves, y el uso de la diversidad y el atractivo de la avifauna para establecer programas ecoturísticos que promuevan el desarrollo de las comunidades locales.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 30-34

Local avifauna : a tool for conservation, ecotourism and environmental education

1 recurso en línea (páginas 17-34).Photographic records of animal species in their environment have been widely used by researchers for species identification and ecological studies. In this study, we used photography as a tool to record and identify birds of the municipality of Páez, Boyacá, located in the Llanos foothills, with a landscape dominated by cloud forests, pastures and crops. We photographed and identified 133 bird species in roads and footpaths of the municipality; we found that the families Tyrannidae and Thraupidae, and the genus Tangara had the highest species diversity. All species reported here are in the Least Concern category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and 11 are migratory. The bird diversity of the municipality has a great potential for sustainable use. We report local common names for 63.16% of the registered species, and the sighting of 73.68% of these birds, identified with help from the community. In consequence, we propose further scientific research to assess the ecosystem services provided by birds and the use of the diversity and attractiveness of the avifauna to establish ecotouristic programs that promote the development of local communities.El registro fotográfico de especies animales en su ambiente ha sido ampliamente utilizado por los investigadores para su identificación y estudio. Con el propósito de explorar la avifauna del municipio de Páez (Boyacá, Colombia), localizado en el piedemonte llanero, con un paisaje dominado por áreas de bosque de niebla, pasturas y cultivos, se utilizó la fotografía como herramienta para registrarla e identificarla. Así, se fotografiaron e identificaron 133 especies de aves en caminos y carreteras del municipio, encontrando que las familias Tyrannidae y Thraupidae, así como el género Tangara, presentan la mayor diversidad. Todas las especies aquí reportadas se encuentran en la categoría de amenaza de Preocupación Menor de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, y 11 de estas especies son migratorias. Se identificaron, con ayuda de la comunidad, los nombres comunes locales para el 63.16% de las especies registradas, y se reporta el avistamiento del 73.68% de ellas. En consecuencia, proponemos adelantar investigaciónes científicas para evaluar los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las aves, y el uso de la diversidad y el atractivo de la avifauna para establecer programas ecoturísticos que promuevan el desarrollo de las comunidades locales.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 30-34