Implementasi SWOT dalam Penentuan Program Pendampingkan Pemberdayaan UKM Produksi Pangan Rumah Tangga

The government encourages community elements to be economically independent. The encouragement and support was realized with facilities for the community to establish UKM. Through SMEs, the community is expected to be able to empower all the resources they have to achieve prosperity. SMEs in the food sector are very high growth, SME capacity development needs to be improved, and food security issues need to be addressed. Fulfillment of safe and quality food is the basic right of every human being, including food produced by the Household Food Industry. CV. Panca Boga Langgeng is our abdimas partner that produces household-scale food products, which have the desire to increase its business capacity, the obstacles faced are market share only limited to family, friends and circles around the place of business. Business owners cannot produce on a larger scale and market widely because they do not have legality. To understand the problems and potential of our partner SMEs, we use the SWOT method, the work system of the SWOT method in formulating strategic solutions is outlined in the matrix, internal and external aspects are used as the basis for determining strategies or efforts that can be achieved so that business objectives can be achieved. The results of community service activities include: the partner has a NPWP, a business permit and has received a registration number for the management of BPOM's distribution permit.The government encourages community elements to be economically independent. The encouragement and support was realized with facilities for the community to establish UKM. Through SMEs, the community is expected to be able to empower all the resources they have to achieve prosperity. SMEs in the food sector are very high growth, SME capacity development needs to be improved, and food security issues need to be addressed. Fulfillment of safe and quality food is the basic right of every human being, including food produced by the Household Food Industry. CV. Panca Boga Langgeng is our abdimas partner that produces household-scale food products, which have the desire to increase its business capacity, the obstacles faced are market share only limited to family, friends and circles around the place of business. Business owners cannot produce on a larger scale and market widely because they do not have legality. To understand the problems and potential of our partner SMEs, we use the SWOT method, the work system of the SWOT method in formulating strategic solutions is outlined in the matrix, internal and external aspects are used as the basis for determining strategies or efforts that can be achieved so that business objectives can be achieved. The results of community service activities include: the partner has a NPWP, a business permit and has received a registration number for the management of BPOM's distribution permit

Statistical Basis for Predicting Technological Progress

Forecasting technological progress is of great interest to engineers, policy makers, and private investors. Several models have been proposed for predicting technological improvement, but how well do these models perform? An early hypothesis made by Theodore Wright in 1936 is that cost decreases as a power law of cumulative production. An alternative hypothesis is Moore's law, which can be generalized to say that technologies improve exponentially with time. Other alternatives were proposed by Goddard, Sinclair et al., and Nordhaus. These hypotheses have not previously been rigorously tested. Using a new database on the cost and production of 62 different technologies, which is the most expansive of its kind, we test the ability of six different postulated laws to predict future costs. Our approach involves hindcasting and developing a statistical model to rank the performance of the postulated laws. Wright's law produces the best forecasts, but Moore's law is not far behind. We discover a previously unobserved regularity that production tends to increase exponentially. A combination of an exponential decrease in cost and an exponential increase in production would make Moore's law and Wright's law indistinguishable, as originally pointed out by Sahal. We show for the first time that these regularities are observed in data to such a degree that the performance of these two laws is nearly tied. Our results show that technological progress is forecastable, with the square root of the logarithmic error growing linearly with the forecasting horizon at a typical rate of 2.5% per year. These results have implications for theories of technological change, and assessments of candidate technologies and policies for climate change mitigation

A multinuclear solid state NMR, density functional theory and X-Ray diffraction study of hydrogen bonding in Group I hydrogen dibenzoates

An NMR crystallographic approach incorporating multinuclear solid state NMR (SSNMR), X-ray structure determinations and density functional theory (DFT) are used to characterise the H bonding arrangements in benzoic acid (BZA) and the corresponding Group I alkali metal hydrogen dibenzoates (HD) systems. Since the XRD data often cannot precisely confirm the proton position within the hydrogen bond, the relationship between the experimental SSNMR parameters and the ability of gauge included plane augmented wave (GIPAW) DFT to predict them becomes a powerful constraint that can assist with further structure refinement. Both the 1H and 13C MAS NMR methods provide primary descriptions of the H bonding via accurate measurements of the 1H and 13C isotropic chemical shifts, and the individual 13C chemical shift tensor elements; these are unequivocally corroborated by DFT calculations, which together accurately describe the trend of the H bonding strength as the size of the monovalent cation changes. In addition, 17O MAS and DOR NMR form a powerful combination to characterise the O environments, with the DOR technique providing highly resolved 17O NMR data which helps verify unequivocally the number of inequivalent O positions for the conventional 17O MAS NMR to process. Further multinuclear MAS and static NMR studies involving the quadrupolar 7Li, 39K, 87Rb and 133Cs nuclei, and the associated DFT calculations, provide trends and a corroboration of the H bond geometry which assist in the understanding of these arrangements. Even though the crystallographic H positions in each H bonding arrangement reported from the single crystal X-ray studies are prone to uncertainty, the good corroboration between the measured and DFT calculated chemical shift and quadrupole tensor parameters for the Group I alkali species suggest that these reported H positions are reliable

Towards disappearing user interfaces for ubiquitous computing: human enhancement from sixth sense to super senses

The enhancement of human senses electronically is possible when pervasive computers interact unnoticeably with humans in Ubiquitous Computing. The design of computer user interfaces towards “disappearing” forces the interaction with humans using a content rather than a menu driven approach, thus the emerging requirement for huge number of non-technical users interfacing intuitively with billions of computers in the Internet of Things is met. Learning to use particular applications in Ubiquitous Computing is either too slow or sometimes impossible so the design of user interfaces must be naturally enough to facilitate intuitive human behaviours. Although humans from different racial, cultural and ethnic backgrounds own the same physiological sensory system, the perception to the same stimuli outside the human bodies can be different. A novel taxonomy for Disappearing User Interfaces (DUIs) to stimulate human senses and to capture human responses is proposed. Furthermore, applications of DUIs are reviewed. DUIs with sensor and data fusion to simulate the Sixth Sense is explored. Enhancement of human senses through DUIs and Context Awareness is discussed as the groundwork enabling smarter wearable devices for interfacing with human emotional memories

Influence of pH Value of Bleaching Gels on Surface Roughness of Bovine Enamel

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the pH levels of three in-office bleaching gels on the surface roughness of bovine enamel, after the bleaching protocol. Materials and methods: 36 samples of bovine enamel were obtained, which were cut and divided into three groups (n=12): 40%hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence Boost40%), 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP AutoMixx) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP Blue), receiving a 40-minute application of bleaching. The average pH values were determined using a pH meter during the initial and final application of the gel. A roughness meter was used to assess surface roughness (Ra) before and after bleaching. Data were analyzed with the Friedmann and wilcoxon test (difference between groups); the Kruskall Wallis and U Mann test (difference in each group), as well as Pearson or Spearman test for correlation. Results: There is an increase in pH values from the beginning to the end of bleaching in all groups, except for the 35% hydrogen peroxide group (Whiteness HP Automixx). For surface roughness results there is an increase in all groups. No correlation was found between pH values of the bleaching gels and the surface roughness of the enamel after bleaching. Conclusions: Hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels with high concentrations that have a high or low pH could cause alterations in the surface of the tooth enamel, such as increase in surface roughness.Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de los niveles de pH de tres geles de blanqueamiento de consultorio en la rugosidad superficial del esmalte bovino, después del protocolo del blanqueamiento. Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvo 36 muestras de esmalte bovino, las cuales fueron cortadas y divididas en tres grupos (n=15):  peróxido de hidrógeno 40% (Opalescence Boost 40%), peróxido de hidrógeno 35% (Whiteness HP AutoMixx) y peróxido de hidrógeno 35% (Whiteness HP Blue), recibiendo una aplicación de 40 minutos de blanqueamiento. Los valores del promedio del pH fueron determinados utilizando un pHmetro durante la aplicación inicial y final del gel. Un rugosímetro fue utilizado para evaluar la rugosidad superficial (Ra) antes y después del blanqueamiento. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba de Friedmann y wilcoxon (diferencia entre grupos); la prueba Kruskall Wallis y U de mann (diferencia en cada grupo), así como prueba de Pearson o Spearman para la correlación. Resultados: Hay un aumento en los valores del pH del inicio al final del blanqueamiento en todos los grupos, excepto para el grupo peróxido de hidrógeno 35% (Whiteness HP Automixx). Para los resultados de rugosidad superficial existe un aumento en todos los grupos. No se encontró correlación entre niveles de pH de los geles blanqueadores y la rugosidad superficial del esmalte después del blanqueamiento. Conclusiones: Los geles blanqueadores de peróxido de hidrógeno con altas concentraciones que presenten un pH alto o bajo podrían causar alteraciones de la superficie del esmalte dental, como el aumento en la rugosidad superficial