Europa frente al fenómeno de las drogas. Una aproximación a la normativa europea de drogas

Este trabajo es una recopilación de la dispersa información que existe sobre el marco político y jurídico de la Unión Europea en materia de drogas, incluyendo en el mismo todos los ámbitos relacionados, intentando ofrecer a los lectores una aproximación general, sin entrar en análisis ni opiniones sobre el tema.En primer término, y tratándose de un problema mundial, se presenta un somero esbozo de la situación internacional tanto a nivel institucional como normativo.A continuación se muestra más ampliamente la política de Europa en torno al fenómenos de las drogas y una recopilación temática sobre la regulación normativa de la Unión en todos los ámbitos posibles en los que incide el problema de la droga, así como las principales instituciones Europeas que participan en esta materia de una u otra forma.Finalmente, y por ser de interés para los lectores a quién va dirigido este artículo, se da un bosquejo de la política de drogas en España tanto a nivel interno como internacional, en donde se incluye, por supuesto, su relación con la Unión Europea

Dynamic Model-based Management of Service-Oriented Infrastructure.

Models are an effective tool for systems and software design. They allow software architects to abstract from the non-relevant details. Those qualities are also useful for the technical management of networks, systems and software, such as those that compose service oriented architectures. Models can provide a set of well-defined abstractions over the distributed heterogeneous service infrastructure that enable its automated management. We propose to use the managed system as a source of dynamically generated runtime models, and decompose management processes into a composition of model transformations. We have created an autonomic service deployment and configuration architecture that obtains, analyzes, and transforms system models to apply the required actions, while being oblivious to the low-level details. An instrumentation layer automatically builds these models and interprets the planned management actions to the system. We illustrate these concepts with a distributed service update operation

An Autonomous Engine for Services Configuration and Deployment.

The runtime management of the infrastructure providing service-based systems is a complex task, up to the point where manual operation struggles to be cost effective. As the functionality is provided by a set of dynamically composed distributed services, in order to achieve a management objective multiple operations have to be applied over the distributed elements of the managed infrastructure. Moreover, the manager must cope with the highly heterogeneous characteristics and management interfaces of the runtime resources. With this in mind, this paper proposes to support the configuration and deployment of services with an automated closed control loop. The automation is enabled by the definition of a generic information model, which captures all the information relevant to the management of the services with the same abstractions, describing the runtime elements, service dependencies, and business objectives. On top of that, a technique based on satisfiability is described which automatically diagnoses the state of the managed environment and obtains the required changes for correcting it (e.g., installation, service binding, update, or configuration). The results from a set of case studies extracted from the banking domain are provided to validate the feasibility of this propos

Characterization of electrical crosstalk in 4T-APS arrays using TCAD simulations

TCAD simulations have been conducted on a CMOS image sensor in order to characterize the electrical component of the crosstalk between pixels through the study of the electric field distribution. The image sensor consists on a linear array of five pinned photodiodes (PPD) with their transmission gates, floating diffusion and reset transistors. The effect of the variations of the thickness of the epitaxial layer has been addressed as well. In fact, the depth of the boundary of the epitaxial layer affects quantum efficiency (QE) so a correlation with crosstalk has been identified.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2015-66878-C3-1RJunta de Andalucía TIC 2012-2338Office of Naval Research (USA) N00014141035

System Identification for the design of behavioral controllers in crowd evacuations

Behavioral modification using active instructions is a promising interventional method to optimize crowd evacuations. However, existing research efforts have been more focused on eliciting general principles of optimal behavior than providing explicit mechanisms to dynamically induce the desired behaviors, which could be claimed as a significant knowledge gap in crowd evacuation optimization. In particular, we propose using dynamic distancekeeping instructions to regulate pedestrian flows and improve safety and evacuation time. We investigate the viability of using Model Predictive Control (MPC) techniques to develop a behavioral controller that obtains the optimal distance-keeping instructions to modulate the pedestrian density at bottlenecks. System Identification is proposed as a general methodology to model crowd dynamics and build prediction models. Thus, for a testbed evacuation scenario and input?output data generated from designed microscopic simulations, we estimate a linear AutoRegressive eXogenous model (ARX), which is used as the prediction model in the MPC controller. A microscopic simulation framework is used to validate the proposal that embeds the designed MPC controller, tuned and refined in closed-loop using the ARX model as the Plant model. As a significant contribution, the proposed combination of MPC control and System Identification to model crowd dynamics appears ideally suited to develop realistic and practical control systems for controlling crowd motion. The flexibility of MPC control technology to impose constraints on control variables and include different disturbance models in the prediction model has confirmed its suitability in the design of behavioral controllers in crowd evacuations. We found that an adequate selection of output disturbance models in the predictor is critical in the type of responses given by the controller. Interestingly, it is expected that this proposal can be extended to different evacuation scenarios, control variables, control systems, and multiple-input multiple-output control structures.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Reactivity of a trans-[H-Mo≣Mo-H] Unit Towards Alkenes and Alkynes. Bimetallic Migratory Insertion, H-Elimination and Other Reactions

Complex [Mo2(H)2{μ-HC(NDipp)2}2(THF)2], (1·THF), reacts with C2H4 and PhCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 to afford hydrido-hydrocarbyl and bis(hydrocarbyl) derivatives of the Mo[quadruple bond, length as m-dash]Mo bond. Reversible migratory insertion and β-hydrogen elimination, as well as reductive elimination and other reactions, have been uncovered. PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH behaves instead as a Brönsted–Lowry acid towards the strongly basic Mo–H bonds of 1·THF.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ2016-75193-PEuropean Research Council 75657

Proyectos de trabajo. Una experiencia en la universidad.

Este artículo pretende cumplir dos objetivos: Por un lado, exponer las ideas básicas que cumplen las programaciones de aula llamadas Proyectos de trabajo; y, por otro, presentar la experiencia que llevamos a cabo un grupo de estudiantes de 3º de Magisterio y yo en nuestras aulas

U(1) Noncommutative Gauge Fields and Magnetogenesis

The connection between the Lorentz invariance violation in the lagrangean context and the quantum theory of noncommutative fields is established for the U(1) gauge field. The modified Maxwell equations coincide with other derivations obtained using different procedures. These modified equations are interpreted as describing macroscopic ones in a polarized and magnetized medium. A tiny magnetic field (seed) emerges as particular static solution that gradually increases once the modified Maxwell equations are solved as a self-consistent equations system.Comment: 4 page

An Experimentally-Validated Verilog-A SPAD Model Extracted from TCAD Simulation

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) are photodetectors with exceptional characteristics. This paper proposes a new approach to model them in Verilog-A HDL with the help of a powerful tool: TCAD simulation. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, this is first model to incorporate a trap-assisted tunneling mechanism, a cross-section temperature dependence of the traps, and the self-heating effect. Comparison with experimental data establishes the validity of the model.Junta de Andalucía TIC 2012-2338Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2015-66878-C3-1-ROffice of Naval Research (USA) N00014141035