New Technique to Enhance the Performance of Spoken Dialogue Systems by Means of Implicit Recovery of ASR Errors

This paper proposes a new technique to implicitly correct some ASR errors made by spoken dialogue systems, which is implemented at two levels: statistical and linguistic. The goal of the former level is to employ for the correction knowledge extracted from the analysis of a training corpus comprised of utterances and their corresponding ASR results. The outcome of the analysis is a set of syntactic-semantic models and a set of lexical models, which are optimally selected during the correction. The goal of the correction at the linguistic level is to repair errors not detected during the statistical level which affects the semantics of the sentences. Experiments carried out with a previouslydeveloped spoken dialogue system for the fast food domain indicate that the technique allows enhancing word accuracy, spoken language understanding and task completion by 8.5%, 16.54% and 44.17% absolute, respectively.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIN2007-64718 HAD

Las estrategias de caza durante el Paleolitico Superior cantábrico. El caso del oriente asturiano

Sin resume

La caza en el Solutrense cantábrico: una nueva perspectiva

[ES] Este estudio ofrece una revisión crítica de los datos faunísticos solutrenses disponibles hasta este momento para la cornisa cantábrica. Se han valorado dos criterios fundamentales: la contextualización paleoclimática de las muestras faunísticas recientes y la valoración crítica de las muestras faunísticas conservadas desde las antiguas excavaciones. A partir ele estos criterios es posible actualizar con cierta aproximación la dinámica evolutiva de los modelos estratégicos utilizados por los antiguos cazadores solutrenses en el transcurso de los 3.500 años. Esta dinámica contempla constantes modificaciones en las estrategias de caza según variaban las condiciones ambientales, aunque sin existir una vinculación estricta entre los cambios climáticos y faunísticos. En grandes líneas se detectan dos períodos bien distintos. Durante el Laugerie e ínter Laugerie/Lascaux se prefirió una diversificación de los objetivos de caza. Cuando menos desde la segunda mitad del último episodio se decidió establecer los primeros regímenes especializados basados en la caza selectiva de ciervos. Esta nueva dinámica ofrece múltiples posibilidades interpretativas más allá de las anacrónicas versiones establecidas por los estudios arqueozoológicos tradicionales y aporta una nueva perspectiva en la historiografía tradicional sobre la economías paleolíticas cantábricas.[EN] This paper contributes a critical review of the solutrean faunistic record available until this moment for the Cantabrian region. This review was made following two fundamental approaches: the palaeoclimatic contextualization of the newest faunistic samples and the critical valuation of the faunistic samples conserved from the ancient field works. Starting from these approaches it's possible to renoval the view about the evolutionary dynamic of the strategic models used by the old hunters in the course of the 3.500 years of the solutrean occupations with certain approach. This dynamic contemplates constant modifications in the strategies of hunt as the environmental conditions changed, although there is no strict linking between the climatic and faunistic changes. In general, we detected two very different periods. During the Laugerie and Inter Laugerie/ Lascaux was preferred a diversification of the hunted objectives. At least since the second half of the last episode was decided to establish the first specialization in base to the selective deer hunt. This new dynamic offers multiple interpretative possibilities beyond the anachronic versions established by the traditional archaeozoological studies and it gives a new perspective in the traditional historiography on the Cantabrian paleolithic economies

Apuntes tafonómicos sobre los cazaderos de cabra : las labores de carnicería en el yacimiento de Rascaño (Miera)

Este ensayo analiza las actividades de descuartizamiento de los animales reproducidos en las colecciones arqueofaunísticas magdalenienses y azilienses de Rascaño. Se propone un análisis tafonómico comparativo a partir de las diferencias previstas entre las composiciones esqueléticas de ciervos y cabras, tomando en cuenta factores como la utilidad relativa de las distintas partes anatómicas y la conservación ósea diferencial.This paper revises the descuartizamiento activities of animáis recorded in magdalenian and azilian archeofaunal collection in the site of Rascaño. The study propose an comparative taphonomic analysis based on the differences between skeketical pan representation of roe deer and ibex, with taking into account some factors such as the relative utility of different body parts and the biased bone preservation

La caza en el Paleolítico Superior: nociones claves de la antropología económica aplicada a la Península Ibérica

Paleoeconomic research carried out in recent years into Upper Palaeolithic hunting in the Iberian Peninsula would have been impossible without the important contribution of the American Anthropology School. This paper summarizes the history of this research, and the main landmarks in the evolution of hunting strategies and the theoretical context of the principal hypotheses.Las investigaciones paleoeconómicas realizadas los últimos años sobre la caza en el Paleolítico Superior de la Península Ibérica habrían sido incomprensibles sin la relevante participación de la Escuela de Antropología americana. Este artículo resume la historia de aquellas investigaciones, los principales hitos que marcaron la evolución de las estrategias de caza y el contexto teórico de las principales hipótesis

Maslinic Acid Enhances Signals for the Recruitment of Macrophages and Their Differentiation to M1 State

The inflammatory process is involved in the genesis and evolution of different diseases like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Macrophages play a central role in inflammation. In addition, they can regulate some stages of cancer development. Macrophages can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotype depending on the cytokines present in the tissue microenvironment. On the other hand, triterpenes found in virgin olive oil are described to present different properties, such as antitumoral and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study was designed to elucidate if the four major triterpenes found in virgin olive oil (oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, uvaol, and erythrodiol) are able to enhance M1 macrophage response which represents an important defense mechanism against cancer. Our results indicated that maslinic acid modulated the inflammatory response by enhancing the production of IL-8, IL-1α, and IL-1β; it promoted M1 response through the synthesis of IFN-γ; and finally it did not modify significantly the levels of NFκβ or NO. Overall, our results showed that maslinic acid could prevent chronic inflammation, which represents a crucial step in the development of some cancers

Características odontológicas de la parálisis cerebral. Precauciones para su tratamiento

Se revisan las características odontológicas de la parálisis cerebral, tanto de estructuras duras como blandas

Recovery of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi from symptomless shoots of naturally infected olive trees

Seasonal dynamics of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psv) on stems and leaves from symptomless shoots of naturally infected olive trees was monitored in Spanish olive orchards. Data inferred from the comparison between washing of leaves and dilution-plating versus leaf printing of individual leaves suggested that Psv population sizes varied by over several orders of magnitude, among leaves sampled concurrently from the same shoot. We did not find significant differences between leaves and stems, in respect to the number of samples where Psv was isolated or detected by PCR, showing that Psv colonizes both leaves and stems. The frequencies of Psv isolation and average populations were highly variable among field plots. No correlation between Psv populations and those of non-Psv bacteria in any plant material or field plot was observed. However, where both Psv and yellow Pantoea agglomerans colonies were isolated a positive correlation was found. In a selected field plot, dynamics of Psv over three years showed significant differences between summer and the rest of seasons. The highest Psv population occurred in warm, rainy months, while low numbers were generally found in hot and dry months. [Int Microbiol 2007; 10(2):77-84

Revisión cronoestratigráfica de la cueva de la Güelga (Narciandi, Asturias) : del Musteriense al Peleolítico Superior inicial

Con este trabajo queremos presentar algunos de los datos más recientes sobre la estratigrafía y la cronología radiométrica de la Cueva de La Güelga (Narciandi, Asturias), con un particular interés por las descripciones sedimentológicas, las industrias y las dataciones cronológicas, en relación con los orígenes del Paleolítico Superior y muy especialmente con el Paleolítico Medio.In this paper we want to present some more recient results related to the stratigraphy and 14C chronology of the La Güelga Cave (Narciandi, Asturias),with major interest about sedimentological descriptions, industries and chronological datations, relationswith the origins of the Upper Paleolithic and speciallywith the Middle Paleolithic.</p