Recensions

Obra ressenyada: Giorgio COLLI; traducción de Miguel Morey, Filosofía de la expresión. Madrid: Siruela, 1996

La libertad de conciencia en J. M. Blanco White. Para una crítica a las Cortes de Cádiz

Con la referencia axial de Cartas de España, este artículo aborda la evolución del concepto de libertad de conciencia en José María Blanco White, desde su obra juvenil en el Semanario Patriótico o en el periódico El Español, hasta obras de madurez como España o Autobiografía. De forma específica, se pone de manifiesto su comprensión de la libertad de conciencia, en el marco de la cuestión religiosa, en la medida que presenta una serie de implicaciones jurídico-políticas que poseen un particular interés para la actualidad en relación a la reflexión sobre el proceso histórico de juridización en España, tanto de la libertad religiosa como de la propia libertad de conciencia.</p

Effect of mold temperature on the impact behavior and morphology of injection molded foams based on polypropylene polyethylene–octene copolymer blends

Producción CientíficaIn this work, an isotactic polypropylene (PP) and a polyethylene–octene copolymer (POE) have been blended and injection-molded, obtaining solids and foamed samples with a relative density of 0.76. Different mold temperature and injection temperature were used. The Izod impact strength was measured. For solids, higher mold temperature increased the impact resistance, whereas in foams, the opposite trend was observed. In order to understand the reasons of this behavior, the morphology of the elastomeric phase, the crystalline morphology and the cellular structure have been studied. The presence of the elastomer near the skin in the case of high mold temperature can explain the improvement produced with a high mold temperature in solids. For foams, aspects as the elastomer coarsening in the core of the sample or the presence of a thicker solid skin are the critical parameters that justify the improved behavior of the materials produced with a lower mold temperature.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grant DI-15-07952

Excitatory-inhibitory branching process: A parsimonious view of cortical asynchronous states, excitability, and criticality

We acknowledge the Spanish Ministry and Agencia Estatal de investigación (AEI) through Project of I + D+i Ref. PID2020-113681GB-I00, financed by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe,” as well as the Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación Universidad, Junta de Andalucía and European Regional Development Fund, Project references A-FQM-175-UGR18 and P20-00173, for financial support. R.C.L. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry and AEI, Grant No. FPU19/03887. This work was partially supported by a Sofja Kovalevskaja Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, endowed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (V.B.). We also thank H. C. Piuvezam, J. Pretel, G. B. Morales, P. Moretti, O. Vinogradov, and E. Giannakakis for valuable discussions.The branching process is the minimal model for propagation dynamics, avalanches, and criticality, broadly used in neuroscience. A simple extension of it, adding inhibitory nodes, induces a much-richer phenomenology, including an intermediate phase, between quiescence and saturation, that exhibits the key features of “asynchronous states” in cortical networks. Remarkably, in the inhibition-dominated case, it exhibits an extremely rich phase diagram that captures a wealth of nontrivial features of spontaneous brain activity, such as collective excitability, hysteresis, tilted avalanche shapes, and partial synchronization, allowing us to rationalize striking empirical findings within a common and parsimonious framework.Alexander von Humboldt-StiftungBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungFEDEREuropean Regional Development Fund A-FQM-175-UGR18, FPU19/03887, P20-00173 ERDFAgencia Estatal de Investigación MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2020-113681GB-I0

Performance of a Direct Methane Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Nickel-Ceria-Yttria Stabilized Zirconia as the Anode

A nickel-ceria-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-CYSZ) cermet material was synthesized and tested as the anode for the direct oxidation of methane in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with YSZ as the electrolyte and strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) as the cathode. Initially, the electrochemical behavior was investigated under several load demands in wet (3% H2O) CH4 at 850 degrees C during 144 h using I-V curves, impedance spectra, and potentiostatic measurements. Long-term tests were subsequently conducted under 180 mAcm(-2) in wet CH4 for 236 h and dry CH4 for 526 h at 850 degrees C in order to assess the cell stability. Material analysis was carried out by SEM-EDS after operation was complete. Similar cell performance was observed with wet (3% H2O) and dry CH4, and this indicates that the presence of water is not relevant under the applied load demand. Impedance spectra of the cell showed that at least three processes govern the direct electrochemical oxidation of methane on the Ni-CYSZ anode and these are related to charge transfer at high frequency, the adsorption/desorption of charged species at medium frequency and the non-charge transfer processes at low frequency. The cell was operated for more than 900 h in CH4 and 806 h under load demand, with a low degradation rate of similar to 0.2 mVh(-1) observed during this period. The low degradation in performance was mainly caused by the increase in charge transfer resistance, which can be attributed to carbon deposition on the anode causing a reduction in the number of active centers. Carbon deposits were detected mostly on the surface of Ni particles but not near the anode/electrolyte interface or the cerium surface. Therefore, the incorporation of cerium in the anode structure could improve the cell lifetime by reducing carbon formatio

Prevalence and Characterization of Specific Phobia Disorder in People over 65 Years Old in a Madrid Community Sample (Spain) and its Relationship to Quality of Life

The prevalence of anxiety disorders over the last year among seniors ranged from 3.6% to 17.2%. The most prevalent disorders are specific phobias. Data are needed concerning the consequences of specific phobia disorder on the level of functioning and quality of life of older people, the age of onset of specific phobia disorder, and the duration of episodes. In total, 555 community-dwelling people aged between 65 and 84 years who lived in Madrid (Spain) were assessed (Composite International Diagnostic Interview for people over 65 years (CIDI65+), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II), Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Older Adults (HoNOS65+), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF). Prevalence rates and odds ratio, t-tests, binary logistic regression, and point-biserial correlations were calculated. A total of 12.07% of the sample suffered a specific phobia disorder over the last year. The average age at onset of the specific phobia was 38.78 (sd = 21.61) years. The mean duration of the phobia was approximately 20 (sd = 20) years. A significant effect of the specific phobia was found for the current levels of functioning and quality of life: WHOQOL-BREF total score (p < 0.05), WHODAS II overall score (p < 0.01), and HoNOS65+ total score (p < 0.001). Having specific phobia disorder decreased the level of functioning and negatively affected the quality of life. These data suggest the need for primary healthcare professionals to include the detection of specific phobia disorders in their protocols because people do not receive treatment for this problem, and they might carry it throughout their lives

Characterization and evaluation of CuCrFeV(Ti, Ta, W) system for High Heat Flux applications

Cu5Cr35Fe35V20-X5, with X = Ti, Ta or W, alloys were produced by arc melting to assess their feasibility to be used as structural materials and as interlayer in cooling systems. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials were analyzed in as-cast and aged states. In the as-cast state the structure of the three alloys is BCC, but formation of the intermetallic Fe7Ta3 is observed in Cu5Cr35Fe35V20Ta5. Thermal aging treatment at 700 °C caused significant changes in the microstructure of Cu5Cr35Fe35V20W5 and the formation of the sigma phase. Thermal treated Cu5Cr35Fe35V20Ta5 and Cu5Cr35Fe35V20W5 exhibit high mechanical strength and excellent compressive ductility but show work softening due to the appearance of dynamic recovery mechanisms. Type-A serration behavior is observed for Cu5Cr35Fe35V20W5. Both, the complexity of their microstructures and their differences are responsible for the different mechanical behavior of the three alloys.This research has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (PID2019-105325RB-C33/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by the Regional Government of Madrid through the program TECHNOFUSIÓN(III)CM (S2018/EMT-4437), project cofinancing with Structural Funds (ERDF and ESF). The support of the Regional Government of Madrid through the multi-annual agreement with UC3M ("Excelencia para el Profesorado Universitario"- EPUC3M14) is also acknowledged

Ricardo PINILLA BURGOS, Krause y las artes

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