Os verbos denominativos na lingua medieval: chamar

Dirección Xeral de Política Lingüística da Consellería de Educación da Xunta de Galici

As expresións de futuro e de ir + infinitivo na prensa escrita

O galego para se referir a acontecementos vindeiros emprega o futuro morfolóxico cantarei, as perífrases vou cantar ou hei (de) cantar cos verbos auxiliares en presente de indicativo e o presente de indicativo acompañado dun adverbio de tempo mañá canto. De maneira semellante, o latín dispoñía tamén de varias posibilidades para a expresión de futuridade: a forma sintética amabo, legam etc. ao lado de formas coma o pre-sente de futuridade e outras, entre elas, as perífrases constituídas polo presente do verbo modal habere e un infinitivo. Neste caso, o verbo modal podía ir anteposto ou posposto (vid. Meier 1965: 73-75). Non obstante, non todas as formas se correspondían exactamente, en canto ao significado, co futuro sintético (vid. Rojo 1974: 75-78). Na evolución do latín ás linguas romances, o futuro sintético latino desaparece e cada unha das linguas románicas selecciona unha estrutura para a expresión deste significado ao tempo que desenvolve tamén formas analíticas, que xa empezaran no latín e que se consolidarán definitivamente nas linguas romances

Thermal decomposition of single hydroxychlorides of nickel, copper and cobalto

The thermal decomposition reactions of Ni(OH)Cl.l½H20 in still air and in nitrogen and β-CO2(OH)3Cl and γ-Cu2(OH)3Cl in nitrogen atmosphere, have been studied by DTA and TG analysis, and the intermediates and final products have been characterized by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscop. The thermal evolution ot the above indicated compounds under dynamic vacuum conditions has be en studied with the aid of an x-ray high teaperature diffraction chamber. They reveals that in these conditions, the pure metallic nickel, copper and cobalt can be obtained at comparative low temperature. The infrared spectra of thése hydroxychlorides have been tentatively assigned

Non-Sexist Language in CORGA: Description of the Variants Used and Further Reflection

Nas últimas décadas un sector da poboación entende que o masculino se considera termo non marcado da oposición xenérica por seren tradicionalmente os homes os que posuían o poder, e non sente que as diferentes identi-dades xenéricas estean representadas no masculino empregado como termo non marcado. Asistimos pois á loita para acadar a igualdade entre homes e mulleres tamén dende a lingua, por unha banda facendo visible o xénero feminino, e pola outra anulando a distinción xenérica como elemento clasificador dual. Entre as opcións que se propoñen para acadar estes fins destacan a duplicación dos termos (os alumnos e as alumnas, as alumnas e os alumnos), a escolla dun termo xenérico (o alumnado) e a introdución de grafías innovadoras: os/as alumnos/as, as/os alumnas/os, @s alum-n@s, xs alumnxs e, a máis recente, es alumnes. Neste traballo, tras unha breve panorámica explicativa, describiremos o uso destas formas no galego escrito actual a través dos datos recollidos no Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual(CORGA), e proporemos abrir un debate lingüístico sobre o establecemento dun novo valor na categoría gramatical xénero e a súa posible inclusión nas gramáticas descritivas.En las últimas décadas un sector de la población entiende que el masculino se considera el término no marcado de la oposición genérica por ser tradicionalmente los hombres los que detentaban el poder, y no siente que las diferentes identidades genéricas estén representadas en el masculino usado como término no marcado. Asistimos pues a la lucha para alcanzar la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres también desde la lengua, por un lado haciendo visible el género femenino y, por otro, pretendiendo anular además la distinción genérica como elemento clasificador dual. Entre las opciones que se proponen para alcanzar estos fines destacan la duplicación de los términos (os alumnos e as alumnas, as alumnas e os alumnos), la elección de un término genérico (o alumnado) y la introducción de grafías inno-vadoras: os/as alumnos/as, as/os alumnas/os, @s alumn@s, xs alumnxs y, la más reciente, es alumnes. En este trabajo, tras una breve panorámica explicativa, describiremos el uso de estas formas en el gallego escrito actual a través de los datos recogidos en el Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual (CORGA), y propondremos abrir un debate lingüístico sobre el establecimiento de un nuevo valor en la categoría gramatical género y su posible inclusión en las gramáticas descriptivas.Masculine markers have been traditionally used to refer to males and females collectively. However, over the past few decades a growing sector of the popu-lation has been claiming that masculine markers cannot be regarded as neutral, given that these do not include gender identities other than masculine. As this use is thought to stem from the male privileges in androcen-tric societies, the struggle for gender equality has also reached language. Examples show that feminine markers are being made visible while gender binarism is being disfavoured. In fact, several options are being employed, for instance, writing gendered nouns in their masculi-ne and feminine endings (os alumnos e as alumnas, as alumnas e os alumnos), choosing a gender-neutral term (o alumnado) and developing innovative spellings (os/as alumnos/as, as/os alumnas/os, @s alumn@s, xs alumn-xs and, more recently, es alumnes). This article focuses on the use of the aforementioned variants in present-day written Galician by analysing the data compiled in the Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual (CORGA), with a view to launching a linguistic debate on the adoption of a new value for the gender grammatical category and its potential treatment in descriptive grammarsS

Silver nanoparticle chains for ultra-long-range plasmonic waveguides for Nd3+ fluorescence

Plasmonic waveguides have been shown to be a promising approach to confine and transport electromagnetic energy beyond the diffraction limit. However, ohmic losses generally prevent their integration at micrometric or millimetric scales. Here, we present a gain-compensated plasmonic waveguide based on the integration of linear chains of Ag nanoparticles on an optically active Nd3+-doped solid-state gain medium. By means of dual confocal fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate long-range optical energy propagation due to the near-field coupling between the plasmonic nanostructures and the Nd3+ ions. The subwavelength fluorescence guiding is monitored at distances of around 100 µm from the excitation source for two different emission ranges centered at around 900 nm and 1080 nm. In both cases, the guided fluorescence exhibits a strong polarization dependence, consistent with the polarization behavior of the plasmon resonance supported by the chain. The experimental results are interpreted through numerical simulations in quasi-infinite long chains, which corroborate the propagation features of the Ag nanoparticle chains at both excitation (λexc = 590 nm) and emission wavelengths. The obtained results exceed by an order of magnitude that of previous reports on electromagnetic energy transport using linear plasmonic chains. The work points out the potential of combining Ag nanoparticle chains with a small interparticle distance (~2 nm) with rare-earth-based optical gain media as ultra-long-range waveguides with extreme light confinement. The results offer new perspectives for the design of integrated hybrid plasmonic–photonic circuits based on rare-earth-activated solid-state platformsThis research has been funded by the Spanish State Research Agency under contracts PID2019-108257GB-I00 and RTI2018-098452-B-100, Comunidad de Madrid under contract CAM (SI1/PJI/2019-00105) and the María de Maeztu “Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D” CEX2018-000805-

Current HHT genetic overview in Spain and its phenotypic correlation: data from RiHHTa registry

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare vascular disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. Disease-causing variants in endoglin (ENG) and activin A receptor type II-like 1 (ACVRL1) genes are detected in more than 90% of cases submitted to molecular diagnosis. Methods: We used data from the RiHHTa (Computerized Registry of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia) registry to describe genetic variants and to assess their genotype-phenotype correlation among HHT patients in Spain. Results: By May 2019, 215 patients were included in the RiHHTa registry with a mean age of 52.5 ± 16.5 years and 136 (63.3%) were women. Definitive HHT diagnosis defined by the Curaçao criteria were met by 172 (80%) patients. Among 113 patients with genetic test, 77 (68.1%) showed a genetic variant in ACVRL1 and 36 (31.8%) in ENG gene. The identified genetic variants in ACVRL1 and ENG genes and their clinical significance are provided. ACVRL1 mutations were more frequently nonsense (50%) while ENG mutations were more frequently, frameshift (39.1%). ENG patients were significantly younger at diagnosis (36.9 vs 45.7 years) and had pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) (71.4% vs 24.4%) and cerebral AVMs (17.6% vs 2%) more often than patients with ACVRL1 variants. Patients with ACVRL1 variants had a higher cardiac index (2.62 vs 3.46), higher levels of hepatic functional blood tests, and anemia (28.5% vs 56.7%) more often than ENG patients. Conclusions: ACVRL1 variants are more frequent than ENG in Spain. ACVRL1 patients developed symptomatic liver disease and anemia more often than ENG patients. Compared to ACVRL1, those with ENG variants are younger at diagnosis and show pulmonary and cerebral AVMs more frequently

The role of bioimpedance analysis in overweight and obese patients with acute heart failure: a pilot study.

AIMS Residual congestion at the time of hospital discharge is an important readmission risk factor, and its detection with physical examination and usual diagnostic techniques have strong limitations in overweight and obese patients. New tools like bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) could help to determine when euvolaemia is reached. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of BIA in management of heart failure (HF) in overweight and obese patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study is a single-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled trial that included 48 overweight and obese patients admitted for acute HF. The study population was randomized into two arms: BIA-guided group and standard care. Serum electrolytes, kidney function, and natriuretic peptides were followed up during their hospital stay and at 90 days after discharge. The primary endpoint was development of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) defined as an increase in serum creatinine by >0.5 mg/dL during hospitalization, and the main secondary endpoint was the reduction of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels during hospitalization and within 90 days after discharge. The BIA-guided group showed a remarkable lower incidence of severe AKI, although no significant differences were found (41.4% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.057). The proportion of patients who achieved levels of NT-proBNP < 1000 pg/mL at 90 days was significantly higher in the BIA-guided group than in the standard group (58.8% vs. 25%; P = 0.049). No differences were observed in the incidence of adverse outcomes at 90 days. CONCLUSIONS Among overweight and obese patients with HF, BIA reduces NT-proBNP levels at 90 days compared with standard care. In addition, there is a trend towards lower incidence of AKI in the BIA-guided group. Although more studies are required, BIA could be a useful tool in decompensated HF management in overweight and obese patients.This research received no external funding.S

ECAMulticapa: Effectiveness of double-layered compression therapy for healing venous ulcers in primary care: a Study Protocol

Background: Chronic venous insufficiency, in its final stage can cause venous ulcers. Venous ulcers have a prevalence of 0.5 % to 0.8 % in the general population, and increases starting at 60 years of age. This condition often causes increased dependency in affected individuals, as well as a perceived reduced quality of life and family overload. Local Treating chronic venous ulcers has 2 components: topically healing the ulcer and controlling the venous insufficiency. There is evidence that compressive therapy favours the healing process of venous ulcers. The studies we have found suggest that the use of multilayer bandage systems is more effective than the use of bandages with a single component, these are mostly using in Spain. Multilayer compression bandages with 2 layers are equally effective in the healing process of chronic venous ulcers as 4-layer bandages and are better tolerated and preferenced by patients. More studies are needed to specifically compare the 2-layer bandages systems in the settings where these patients are usually treated. Method/design: Randomised, controlled, parallel, multicentre clinical trial, with 12 weeks of follow-up and blind evaluation of the response variable. The objective is to assess the efficacy of multilayer compression bandages (2 layers) compared with crepe bandages, based on the incidence of healed venous ulcers in individuals treated in primary care nursing consultations, at 12 weeks of follow-up. The study will include 216 individuals (108 per branch) with venous ulcers treated in primary care nursing consultations. The primary endpoint is complete healing at 12 weeks of follow-up. The secondary endpoints are the degree of healing (Resvech.2), quality of life (CCVUQ-e), adverse reactions related to the healing process. Prognosis and demographic variables are also recorder. Effectiveness analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves, a log-rank test and a Cox regression analysis. The analysis was performed by intention to treat. Discussion: The study results can contribute to improving the care and quality of life of patients with venous ulcers, decreasing healing times and healthcare expenditure and contributing to the consistent treatment of these lesions. Trial registration: This study has been recorded in the Clinical Trials.gov site with the code NCT02364921. 17 February 2015.This study was funded by PN of I + D + I 2013–2016 and the ISCIII – Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación and FEDER funds (PI13/01975). Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards