Efecto de la aplicación del hongo nematófago Purpureocillium lilacinum sobre la disponibilidad de nutrimentos en un suelo agrícola y el rendimiento de Avena sativa

In the present work the application effect of nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum over the availability of soil nutrients and the yield of oats plants, using an agricultural soil was evaluated. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, one with soil in natural conditions and other with autoclaved soil. In each experiment were handled two treatments with 20 replicates in a completely randomized design; one with the application of P. lilacinum and the other without the fungus application as a control. The soil chemical characteristics: pH, C, N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The variables evaluated on oat plants were: height, fresh and dry weight, nutrients, number of spikelets per plant and the spikelets weight. There were no significant differences between treatments in plants height, the nutrient content of the soil and plants in both treatments, neither in fresh and dry weight in the experiment with natural conditions soil. The positive effect of fungus application was reflected on the greater fresh and dry weight in the experiment with autoclaved soil and the greater number and weight of spikelets of oat plants in both experiments.En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación del hongo nematófago Purpureocillium lilacinum sobre la disponibilidad de nutrimentos del suelo y el rendimiento de plantas de avena, utilizando un suelo agrícola. Se realizó dos experimentos bajo condiciones de invernadero, uno con suelo en condiciones naturales y otro con suelo esterilizado en autoclave. En cada experimento se manejó dos tratamientos con 20 repeticiones en un diseño completamente aleatorizado; uno con la aplicación de P. lilacinum y el otro sin aplicación del hongo como control. Las características químicas del suelo: pH, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu y Zn fueron analizadas al inicio y final del experimento. Las variables evaluadas en las plantas de avena fueron: altura, peso fresco y seco, contenido de nutrimentos, número de espiguillas por planta y el peso de espiguillas. No hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en la altura, contenido de nutrimentos del suelo y de las plantas en ambos tratamientos, ni en peso fresco y seco en el experimento con suelo en condiciones naturales. El efecto positivo de la aplicación del hongo se reflejó en el mayor peso fresco y seco en el experimento con suelo esterilizado y en el mayor número y peso de espiguillas por planta en ambos tratamientos.Fil: López Lima, Daniel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFil: Carrión, Gloria.Fil: Hernández Leal, Tania

Fungal diversity and Fusarium oxysporum pathogenicity associated with coffee corky-root disease in Mexico

The disease known as coffee corky-roots associated to the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis is an important issue for coffee crop in several countries. In Mexico, particularly in the Veracruz state, considerable loses are recorded annually in Coffea arabica plantations by corky-root disease. Previous studies have revealed the presence of fungi in coffee corky-root tissues. However, these fungi have not been yet identified. This work aimed to identify at species level the fungi associated to the coffee corky-root symptoms and determine their pathogenicity on coffee plants. Coffee roots with corky-root symptoms were collected in eight sites distributed through the major coffee growing region of Veracruz. Observations of inside cortical root tissues under scanning electron microscope revealed abundant mycelium and conidia incorky-root samples in contrast with absence of any fungi development in healthy roots. Forty-nine fungi strains from internal corky-root tissue were isolated and identified at species level by ITS sequences. Fusarium oxysporum was the most frequent species and the only present in all of the corky-root samples. These strains were selected for the pathogenicity test. All F. oxysporum strains colonized the vascular system of coffee plants although none caused wilting symptoms. Highlights Fusarium oxysporum is a major fungus associated with coffee corky-root disease. None of the oxysporum strains inoculated into the roots of coffee plants caused vascular withering symptoms In the tissues damaged by coffee corky-root disease interact nematodes, fungi and bacteria.The disease known as coffee corky-roots associated to the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis is an important issue for coffee crop in several countries. In Mexico, particularly in the Veracruz state, considerable loses are recorded annually in Coffea arabica plantations by corky-root disease. Previous studies have revealed the presence of fungi in coffee corky-root tissues. However, these fungi have not been yet identified. This work aimed to identify at species level the fungi associated to the coffee corky-root symptoms and determine their pathogenicity on coffee plants. Coffee roots with corky-root symptoms were collected in eight sites distributed through the major coffee growing region of Veracruz. Observations of inside cortical root tissues under scanning electron microscope revealed abundant mycelium and conidia incorky-root samples in contrast with absence of any fungi development in healthy roots. Forty-nine fungi strains from internal corky-root tissue were isolated and identified at species level by ITS sequences. Fusarium oxysporum was the most frequent species and the only present in all of the corky-root samples. These strains were selected for the pathogenicity test. All F. oxysporum strains colonized the vascular system of coffee plants although none caused wilting symptoms. Highlights Fusarium oxysporum is a major fungus associated with coffee corky-root disease. None of the oxysporum strains inoculated into the roots of coffee plants caused vascular withering symptoms In the tissues damaged by coffee corky-root disease interact nematodes, fungi and bacteria

Effect of the application of nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum over nutrients availability on agricultural soil and yield of Avena sativa

Purpureocillium lilacinum effect on oat plants yield Tomo 48 • N° 2 • 2016 Rev. FCA UNCUYO. 2016. 48(2): 1-12. ISSN impreso 0370-4661. ISSN (en línea) 1853-8665. Effect of the application of nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum over nutrients availability on agricultural soil and yield of Avena sativa Abstract In the present work the application effect of nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum over the availability of soil nutrients and the yield of oats plants, using an agricultural soil was evaluated. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, one with soil in natural conditions and other with autoclaved soil. In each experiment were handled two treatments with 20 replicates in a completely randomized design; one with the application of P. lilacinum and the other without the fungus application as a control. The soil chemical characteristics: pH, C, N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The variables evaluated on oat plants were: height, fresh and dry weight, nutrients, number of spikelets per plant and the spikelets weight. There were no significant differences between treatments in plants height, the nutrient content of the soil and plants in both treatments, neither in fresh and dry weight in the experiment with natural conditions soil. The positive effect of fungus application was reflected on the greater fresh and dry weight in the experiment with autoclaved soil and the greater number and weight of spikelets of oat plants in both experiments. Keywords 2 T. Hernández-Leal, D. López-Lima, G. Carrión Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Resumen En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación del hongo nematófago Purpureocillium lilacinum sobre la disponibilidad de nutrimentos del suelo y el rendimiento de plantas de avena, utilizando un suelo agrícola. Se realizó dos experimentos bajo condiciones de invernadero, uno con suelo en condiciones naturales y otro con suelo esterilizado en autoclave. En cada experimento se manejó dos tratamientos con 20 repeticiones en un diseño completamente aleatorizado; uno con la aplicación de P. lilacinum y el otro sin aplicación del hongo como control. Las características químicas del suelo: pH, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu y Zn fueron analizadas al inicio y final del experimento. Las variables evaluadas en las plantas de avena fueron: altura, peso fresco y seco, contenido de nutrimentos, número de espiguillas por planta y el peso de espiguillas. No hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en la altura, contenido de nutrimentos del suelo y de las plantas en ambos tratamientos, ni en peso fresco y seco en el experimento con suelo en condiciones naturales. El efecto positivo de la aplicación del hongo se reflejó en el mayor peso fresco y seco en el experimento con suelo esterilizado y en el mayor número y peso de espiguillas por planta en ambos tratamientos. Palabras clave fertilidad del suelo • fósforo • hongos filamentoso

Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan–Gold Nanoparticles and Computational Modeling of the Interaction between Chitosan and a Lipid Bilayer Model

Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Their action consists mainly in the production of bacterial enzymes that inactivate antibiotics or the appearance of modifications that prevent the arrival of the drug at the target point or the alteration of the target point itself, becoming a growing problem for health systems. Chitosan–gold nanoparticles (Cs-AuNPs) have been shown as effective bactericidal materials avoiding damage to human cells. In this work, Cs-AuNPs were synthesized using chitosan as the reducing agent, and a systematic analysis of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the size and zeta potential of the Cs-AuNPs and their UV-vis spectra was carried out. We used a simulation model to characterize the interaction of chitosan with bacterial membranes, using a symmetric charged bilayer and two different chitosan models with different degrees of the chitosan amine protonation as a function of pH, with the aim to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism involving the cell wall disruption. The Cs-AuNP antibacterial activity was evaluated to check the simulation model.Fil: Fuster, M.G.. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Química; EspañaFil: Montalbán, M. G.. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Química; EspañaFil: Carissimi, G.. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Química; EspañaFil: Lima, Beatriz Viviana. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Feresin, Gabriela Egly. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Cano, M.. Universidad de Cordoba. Instituto Universitario de Investigación En Química Fina y Nanoquímica.; EspañaFil: Giner Casares, J. J.. Universidad de Cordoba. Instituto Universitario de Investigación En Química Fina y Nanoquímica.; EspañaFil: López Cascales, J.J.. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; EspañaFil: Enriz, Ricardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Víllora, G.. Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Química; Españ

Antibacterial effect of chitosan-gold nanoparticles and computational modeling of the interaction between chitosan and a lipid bilayer model

Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Their action consists mainly in the production of bacterial enzymes that inactivate antibiotics or the appearance of modifications that prevent the arrival of the drug at the target point or the alteration of the target point itself, becoming a growing problem for health systems. Chitosan–gold nanoparticles (Cs-AuNPs) have been shown as effective bactericidal materials avoiding damage to human cells. In this work, Cs-AuNPs were synthesized using chitosan as the reducing agent, and a systematic analysis of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the size and zeta potential of the Cs-AuNPs and their UV-vis spectra was carried out. We used a simulation model to characterize the interaction of chitosan with bacterial membranes, using a symmetric charged bilayer and two different chitosan models with different degrees of the chitosan amine protonation as a function of pH, with the aim to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism involving the cell wall disruption. The Cs-AuNP antibacterial activity was evaluated to check the simulation model.This work was partially supported by the European Commission (FEDER/ERDF) and the Spanish MINECO (Refs. CTQ2017-87708-R, CTQ2017-83961-R and CTQ2017-92264-EXP) and the Seneca Foundation of Science and Technology of Murcia, Spain (Ref. 20977/PI/18). J.J.G.-C. and Marta G. Fuster acknowledges support from Spanish MINECO: “Ramon y Cajal” contract (#RyC-2014-14956) and FPI grant (PRE2018-086441), respectively. M.C. thanks the “Plan Propio de Investigación” from the Universidad de Córdoba and the “Programa Operativo de fondos FEDER Andalucía” for its financial support through both postdoctoral contracts (Modality 5.2.A). PIO CONICET-SECITI N°022, and CICITCA-UNSJ, Argentina for the financial support

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Chronic Alcohol Intoxication and Cortical Ischemia: Study of Their Comorbidity and the Protective Effects of Minocycline

Chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) increases both morbidity and mortality of stroke patients. Despite the high prevalence of CAI and ischemic stroke, studies addressing their comorbidity and/or protective alternatives remain scarce. Thus, the influence of CAI on both stroke outcome and minocycline treatment (recognized for its neuroprotective effect) was investigated. Female Wistar rats (35 days old) were treated with water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) for 55 days. Then, focal ischemia was induced by endothelin-1 in the motor cortex. Two hours later, four doses of 50 mg/kg of minocycline every 12 hours followed by five doses of 25 mg/kg every 24 hours were administered. Behavioral performance (open field and rotarod tests) and immunohistochemical (cellular density, neuronal death, and astrocytic activation) and biochemical (lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels) analyses were performed. CAI increased motor disruption, nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels, and neuronal loss caused by ischemia, whereas it reduced the astrogliosis. Minocycline was effective in preventing the motor and tissue damage caused by stroke. However, these effects were attenuated when CAI preceded stroke. Our data suggest that CAI beginning in adolescence contributes to a worse outcome in ischemic stroke survivors and reduces the benefits of minocycline, possibly requiring adjustments in therapy

Recombinant Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite surface protein allelic variants: antibody recognition by individuals from three communities in the Brazilian Amazon

Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) variants of P. vivax, besides having variations in the protein repetitive portion, can differ from each other in aspects such as geographical distribution, intensity of transmission, vectorial competence and immune response. Such aspects must be considered to P. vivax vaccine development. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity of novel recombinant proteins corresponding to each of the three P. vivax allelic variants (VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like) and of the C-terminal region (shared by all PvCSP variants) in naturally malaria-exposed populations of Brazilian Amazon. Our results demonstrated that PvCSP-VK210 was the major target of humoral immune response in studied population, presenting higher frequency and magnitude of IgG response. The IgG subclass profile showed a prevalence of cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3), that seem to have an essential role in protective immune response. Differently of PvCSP allelic variants, antibodies elicited against C-terminal region of protein did not correlate with epidemiological parameters, bringing additional evidence that humoral response against this protein region is not essential to protective immunity. Taken together, these findings increase the knowledge on serological response to distinct PvCSP allelic variants and may contribute to the development of a global and effective P. vivax vaccine

Influence of Food and lifestyle in Oxidative Stress

Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) han sido identificadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como las causales de cáncer, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias crónicas. Los cuatro factores de riesgo más importantes de las ECNT son los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados, el uso de tabaco, el sedentarismo y el abuso de alcohol, todos ellos determinantes sociales evitables y prevenibles. Las ECNT son la primera causa de muerte en Argentina al igual que en el resto del mundo

Aula Itinerante de Patrimonio Cultural III

Depto. de Historia del ArteFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte