Comunicación y salud pública desde los adolescentes

Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre los jóvenes, su uso de los medios de comunicación y la relación que jóvenes y medios guardan con la salud. Entre otras aportaciones destacamos, en especial, el que aquí pueda oírse la voz de los jóvenes que, mediante el empleo de la triangulación metodológica, ofrecen una rica información sobre cómo se relacionan con los medios e interpretan sus mensajes.________________________________This paper presents a study about the young, the use they do of mass media and the relationship they keep with health. Among other contributions, it is to be highlighted that the voice of young people can be heard in this article which, with the use of methodological triangulation, offers a rich information about how adolescents contact the media and interpret its messages

Partial extinction did not diminish spontaneous recovery after 24-hour retention interval

Fear extinction is not permanent but it may suffer from different forms of relapse. One strategy potentially useful to diminish relapse is the partial extinction treatment, according to which, extinction may be potentiated if a gradual and sparse number of CS-US pairings are introduced within the extinction treatment. The present study, using a differential fear conditioning paradigm, tries to evaluate the efficacy of partial extinction to reduce a specific form of relapse, spontaneous recovery, after a 24 h. retention interval. The results showed that partial extinction did not diminish spontaneous recovery when compared with standard extinction. From a theoretical point of view, the pattern of results found was more consistent with the idea that extinction entails the acquisition of new knowledge than with the idea that there are conditions in which extinction entails the erasure of the original acquisitionUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Preparation and Characterization of New Liposomes. Bactericidal Activity of Cefepime Encapsulated into Cationic Liposomes

Cefepime is an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. However, this antibiotic has several side effects and a high degradation rate. For this reason, the preparation and characterization of new liposomes that are able to encapsulate this antibiotic seem to be an important research line in the pharmaceutical industry. Anionic and cationic liposomes were prepared and characterized. All cationic structures contained the same cationic surfactant, N,N,N-triethyl-N-(12-naphthoxydodecyl)ammonium. Results showed a better encapsulation-efficiency percentage (EE%) of cefepime in liposomes with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol than with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). The presence of cholesterol and the quantity of egg-yolk phospholipid in the liposome increased the encapsulation percentage. The bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli of cefepime loaded into liposomes with phosphatidylcholine was measured. The inhibitory zone in an agar plate for free cefepime was similar to that obtained for loaded cefepime. The growth-rate constant of E. coli culture was also measured in working conditions. The liposome without any antibiotic exerted no influence in such a rate constant. All obtained results suggest that PC:CH:12NBr liposomes are biocompatible nanocarriers of cefepime that can be used in bacterial infections against Escherichia coli with high inhibitory activity

Partial extinction and reinstatement

Fear extinction is not permanent but more vulnerable than the original fear memory, as relapse phenomena have traditionally shown. Partial extinction has been proposed as a strategy that may serve to mitigate relapses. Partial extinction differs from the standard procedure as it includes the occasional presentation of CS-US trials at the beginning of the extinction training. The present experiment, using an aversive differential conditioning procedure, evaluates whether partial extinction can reduce reinstatement, a specific form of relapse. The results showed that partial extinction did not mitigate reinstatement but proved effective to diminish the magnitude of the US expectation after a first reacquisition trial in a final test phase. The results reported are more consistent with theories that conceives extinction as the acquisition of new inhibitory learning rather than the erasure of the original conditioning.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Sistemas expertos, un divertimento para maestros

PDF de 8 páginas con texto e imágenes en color.Los autores son el director y la Coordinadora del Proyecto El CSIC en la Escuela. Editor: Esteban Moreno GómezEn este trabajo expondremos, de una manera muy simplificada, los elementos esenciales del proceso cognitivo, consistente en procesar información proveniente del mundo exterior a través de los sentidos para aumentar el conocimiento que tenemos de él. Este proceso ilustra, en nuestra opinión, las bases del modelo constructivista del aprendizaje y lo expondremos haciendo referencia al momento histórico en el que, en nuestra opinión, se forman los conceptos que aparecen en las definiciones de este método. Comenzaremos por un principio general y aceptado por todos los docentes: el objetivo de la enseñanza es que el alumno adquiera conocimiento. Pero si buscamos en la WEB la definición de conocimiento encontraremos tantas como búsquedas realicemos, sin que sea fácil elegir una que nos sirva en nuestras discusiones sobre sistemas educativos. Por ello propondremos una definición de conocimiento admitida en el mundo de los sistemas expertos, enlazándola a la teoría clásica de modelos desde la que poder tratar los procesos de aprendizaje en los que estamos interesados.CSIC FBBV

Por unas relaciones hispano-marroquíes más realistas y eficientes

A la vista de los numerosos desencuentros habidos a lo largo de más de cincuenta años, parece obligado promover un marco más realista en las relaciones entre ambas fronteras. Las relaciones entre España y Marruecos han pasado históricamente por distintos estadios, subordinados y marcados, casi exclusivamente, por los vaivenes de las políticas internas de ambos países. Sin embargo, pese a los numerosos altibajos, Perejil incluido, el lenguaje oficial siempre ha manifestado los “deseos recíprocos de reforzar unas relaciones fructíferas entre países hermanos”