Transcriptional profile and serological studies of the European sea bass immune response against betanodavirus infections

European sea bass is highly affected by outbreaks of viral nervous necrosis disease, provoked by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV). This virus displays a positive-sense RNA genome composed of two segments, RNA1, encoding the viral polymerase; and RNA2, encoding the capsid protein. Two genotypes of NNV have been detected in sea bass, although showing different virulence: RGNNV is highly virulent, whereas SJNNV replicates in sea bass brain without causing clinical signs. In the present work, the comparative analysis of the European sea bass immune response against both genotypes has been performed. The immune response has been evaluated in brain and head kidney of infected sea bass by relative real-time PCR of genes involved in the type I interferon system, and genes related to inflammatory and adaptive responses. In addition, a serological study, consisting of the ELISA quantification of IgM in sera, was also performed. The transcription analyses point out the importance of IFN system to control betanodavirus infections. The results obtained showed a strong induction of ifn-I, mxA, isg15 and isg12 in both organs analysed, especially in response to RGNNV. However, the response was quicker in head kidney of SJNNV inoculated sea bass, suggesting that this genotype induces a more rapid systemic response. Regarding the inflammatory response, RGNNV triggered a strong transcription of proinflammatory genes in brain, which provides evidences about the importance of the inflammatory process in NNV infection. Thus, the massive inflammatory process may be responsible for the eventual damage in nervous tissues, which would lead to fish dead. Finally, the high values of tr-g and mhc-b mRNA recorded in brain and the high IgM titer in sera, which was higher in SJNNV-inoculated fish, suggest that the adaptive response constitutes another important factor in the sea bass immune response against betanodaviruses, both at systemic and at local level.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This study has been supported by the project AGL2017-84644-R (MINECO/ AEI/FEDER, UE). P. Moreno was supported by a fellowship from Ministerio de Educacio n, Cultura y Deporte (FPU12/00265, Spanish Government)

Estudio comparativo sobre la Cultura ambiental en niños y niñas de 5 años de Huancayo, Perú

The present article aimed at verifying if there are significant differences in the perception and knowledge of children under 5 years old coming from the Districts of Ingenio and Saño - Huancayo, Peru, 2017 towards environmental culture, considering the theories of Angel-Maya (2003), Hernández-Ayón and Hernández-Ayón (2014), Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), Ajzen and Madden (1986), Álvarez and Vega (2009). The research, by its nature was of a basic theoretical type and specifically used the quantitative method, with a descriptive comparative design. The pedagogical evaluation technique was used and as an instrument the checklist, with 20 items on the variables of environmental culture. We worked with a sample of 15 boys and 15 girls in preschool education in each district. A pedagogical evaluation and a checklist were applied, on the qualities towards environmental culture. The presence of significant differences of perception towards environmental education was evidenced in boys and girls of 5 years old, with a level of significance of 0.05 and t = 2.198; which shows a slight disadvantage in the children of the district of Ingenio with respect to the district of Saño. It is considered necessary to allocate all possible means and wills so that environmental education professionals can address children more effectively.El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo comprobar si existen diferencias significativas en la percepción y conocimiento de los menores de 5 años provenientes de los Distritos de Ingenio y Saño – Huancayo, Perú, 2017 hacia la cultura ambiental, considerando las teorías de Ángel-Maya (2003), Hernández-Ayón y Hernández-Ayón (2014), Fishbein y Ajzen (1975), Ajzen y Fishbein (1980), Ajzen y Madden (1986), Álvarez y Vega (2009). La investigación, por su naturaleza fue de tipo básico teórica y de modo específico se utilizó el método cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Se empleó la técnica evaluación pedagógica y como instrumento la lista de cotejo, con 20 ítems sobre las variables de cultura ambiental. Se trabajó con una muestra de 15 niños y 15 niñas de educación preescolar de cada distrito. Se aplicó una evaluación pedagógica y una lista de cotejo, sobre las cualidades hacia cultura ambiental. Se evidenció la presencia de diferencias significativas de percepción hacia la formación ambiental en niños y niñas de 5 años, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05 y t = 2,198; con lo que demuestra una ligera desventaja en los niños del distrito de Ingenio con respecto al distrito de Saño. Se considera necesario destinar todos los medios posibles y voluntades para que los profesionales en educación ambiental puedan dirigirse a los niños de manera más efectiva

The attitude towards vaccination of health sciences students at a Spanish university improved over the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic

It is important to know the attitudes of students of health sciences (SHSs) towards vaccination since they will be tomorrow’s health professionals. Vaccination is a powerful tool in the fight against COVID-19. The aim of the present, cross-sectional study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the attitude of SHSs towards vaccination. Data were collected in the form of a questionnaire from all students of nursing, physiotherapy and chiropody matriculated at a Madrid University for the academic year 2019/2020 (i.e., before the start of the pandemic [Q1]), and from all those matriculated for the year 2021/22 (i.e., c18 months after the pandemic was declared [Q2]). A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the influence of sex, degree being studied, course year and the time of answering (Q1 or Q2), on the dimensions Beliefs, Behaviours and General Attitude. Overall, 1894 questionnaires were returned (934 [49.3%] for Q1, and 960 [50.7%] for Q2), of which 70.5% were completed by students of nursing, 14% by students of physiotherapy and 15.4% by those studying chiropody. In Q2, the results for all three dimensions were significantly better (p < 0.05). The most important influencing factors were being a student of nurs-ing, being in the final years of training (years 3 or 4), female gender and answering at the time of Q2. The results obtained are encouraging since student nurses (who showed Q1 and Q2 General Attitude scores of 3.34 and 3.47 (maximum possible 4), respectively [p < 0.05]) are the health professionals of tomorrow most likely to be involved in vaccination programmes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Vaccine coverage against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in health sciences students during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Vaccination against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 is recommended in health sciences students to reduce the risk of acquiring these diseases and transmitting them to patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate how the pandemic influenced the modification of influenza vaccination coverage during the 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 campaigns and to analyze the vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 in health sciences students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. A questionnaire was administered in two stages, the first, Q1, before the start of the pandemic, where we analyzed influenza coverage during the 2019/2020 campaign and a second, Q2, 18 months after the start of the pandemic where we analyzed influenza coverage during the 2021/2022 campaign and coverage against SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1894 students (58.78% of the total of those enrolled) participated. Flu vaccination coverage increased from 26.7% in Q1 to 35.0% in Q2 (p < 0.05), being higher in the age group older than 21 years, who studied nursing, were in their fourth year and lived with people at risk. Vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 was very high (97.8%), especially in students vaccinated against influenza. Coverage of the influenza vaccine in health sciences students increased from 2019–2020 to 2021–2022, being higher in the age group older than 21 years, who studied nursing, were in their first and fourth year and lived with people at risk. Coverage of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in health sciences students was very high, especially in those vaccinated against influenza.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Education of chemical engineering in Spain: A global picture

The general framework of the Chemical Engineering studies in Spain includes the Bachelor's Degree (4 years), Master's Degree (the most common duration is 1.5 years) and Doctorate (3-4 years). In 2008, the Conference of Directors and Deans of Chemical Engineering (CODDIQ) was constituted with the main objective of promoting and improving the quality of Chemical Engineering studies in Spain. Currently, Faculties and Schools of 29 Spanish universities are members of CODDIQ. An analysis of the most characteristic indicators provides a representative radiography of the Chemical Engineering Studies in Spain, whose most outstanding data are: (i) 7,396 undergraduate students, 1,014 Master students and 556 PhD students, (ii) according to the gender profile of undergraduates and graduates, the percentage of women is similar to that of men, while for faculty staff, the percentage of women is 43% and 46% for Associate and Assistant Professor (respectively) and 23% for the category of Full Professor category; (iii) after completing the Bachelor studies, most of them continue their training in the MSc in Chemical Engineering, (iv) the employability after obtaining the Master's degree is very high (>75%), which in the case of PhDs is close to 100%. The studies of Chemical Engineering in Spain have a very direct relationship with society, especially in the chemical, environmental, biotechnological and energy fields. The companies that collaborate in the training of future professionals are distributed throughout the national territory, which allows a strong connection with the socioeconomic environmen

Los beneficios del BIM aplicado a la sostenibilidad en el proceso de diseño

Este trabajo consiste en una investigación de la tecnología BIM, la cual se ha introducido en el sector de la arquitectura desde hace poco tiempo. Mediante un seguimiento de su trayectoria por el mundo hasta la implantación en España hoy en día, se pretende entender la manera en que esta nueva forma de trabajo nos aporta beneficios en el proceso del diseño de una construcción, optimizando el uso de nuestro tiempo. Finalmente resaltando cómo su implantación en el diseño está ligado al concepto de sostenibilidad, aspecto muy valorado en el mundo en la actualidad. Para valorar este entendimiento, se realiza un estudio de algunas herramientas BIM aplicadas a la obtención de datos para un diseño sostenible. Para ello, se analizan dos casos (Villa dall’Ava de Rem Koolhaas y un edificio de 60 viviendas de próxima construcción) con formas de trabajo diferentes para poder tener una visión real y práctica de los resultados

Temperament Predicts Processing Speed in Low Socioeconomic Status Rural Preschoolers

Extreme poverty all over the world is concentrated in rural settings. However, studies about cognition in low socioeconomic status (SES) children are for the most part conducted in urban populations. This paper investigates, in a poor rural sample, what are the individual and socioenvironmental variables that make the difference in performance in a processing speed task. Forty four 5-year-old children were evaluated with a processing speed task; individual and socioenvironmental information was obtained from parents’ interviews. Higher scores in the effortful control dimension of temperament were associated with higher performance in the processing speed task. No other individual or socioenvironmental variable predicted the performance. These results showed that effortful control is important in processing speed and suggest that in low SES rural contexts, low effortful control children would require stronger interventions.Fil: Hermida, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; Argentina. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Segretin, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Shalóm, Diego Edgar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: López y Rosenfeld, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Abril, Marcelo Claudio. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Lipina, Sebastián Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Sigman, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Argentina. Universidad Nebrija; Españ

Facies sedimentarias del frente de progradación del delta del rio Paraná, estuario del Río de la Plata, Sudamérica

El delta del Río Paraná (DRP) constituye un delta de cabecera de estuario, con morfología lobada, dominado por acción fluvial, regulado por el régimen hidrológico de su cuenca de drenaje y la dinámica del estuario interior del Río de la Plata (RdP). De régimen micromareal y oleaje de baja amplitud (en promedio menor a 0,6 m), el estuario desarrolla (en promedio 2 veces al año) condiciones excepcionales de niveles positivos del agua, debido a fuertes vientos del sudeste (sudestadas), y negativos, por bajantes extraordinarias por vientos intensos del noroeste. El delta se desarrolló durante los últimos ca. 2000 años en la desembocadura del río Paraná, sumando contribuciones sedimentarias secundarias del río Uruguay. El río Paraná aporta 160 millones de toneladas anuales de sedimentos limo-arenosos en la cabecera de un estuario somero y de grandes dimensiones (profundidad promedio menor a 10 m, 320 km de extensión, 40 km de ancho). Estudios previos mostraron altas tasas de progradación del delta (42-45 m por año desde ca. año 1933 en el sector estudiado). Con el objetivo de caracterizar los depósitos de esta progradación deltaica y contribuir a los modelos de facies de deltas de cabecera de estuario se realizó un análisis geomorfológico-temporal y sedimentológico, incluyendo relevamientos-muestreos de campo, y análisis de laboratorio de sedimentos superficiales y de testigos de sedimento de un sector del delta del río Paraná. Se definieron litofacies en función de un estudio textural-estadístico, diferenciación de subpoblaciones mediante miembros extremos (ME) y características de los testigos. La caracterización sedimentológica de los testigos apoyada por el análisis de ME, las tendencias de LOI550, LOI950 y susceptibilidad magnética, junto con los rasgos y evolución geomorfológica de los sitios de muestreo permite proponer una serie de asociaciones de facies. Se infiere que estas asociaciones de facies representan distintos subambientes del área estudiada y constituyen una herramienta para el análisis de deltas de cabecera formados por grandes ríos, de carga sedimentaria limo-arenosa, en estuarios dominados por mareas. Los depósitos conforman dominantemente sucesiones con tendencia grano-decreciente, de limos arenosos y arenas limosas, bajas proporciones relativas de arcillas (máximo promedio del 20%) y abundantes estructuras heterolíticas y niveles masivos. La alta dinámica constructiva del delta del río Paraná, evidenciada en avances de decenas de metros por año, queda expuesta también en tasas de acreción vertical estimadas de entre 1,5 y 2,5 cm por año, estimada en base a la correlación con información publicada de testigos fechados en inmediaciones del área de estudio y a edades relativas en función de la presencia del bivalvo invasor Corbícula fluminea (ca. año 1970) en los depósitos estudiados.Fil: Gallo, Magdalena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Tripaldi, Alfonsina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: López, Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda; ArgentinaFil: Marcomini, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Orgeira, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Medicamentos bucofaríngeos de no prescripción médica obligatoria

El farmacéutico, como profesional sanitario, juega un importante papel para garantizar el buen uso de los medicamentos. Merece especial atención la utilización de los antibióticos y los medicamentos bucofaríngeos de no prescripción médica ante una dolencia bucofaríngea, pues el paciente en la mayoría de los casos no utiliza o utiliza mal el fármaco necesario para su afección. Es aquí donde el profesional sanitario valorara el uso de uno u otro dependiendo de la patología y derivando si así se precisara al médico. Se analizara además si es adecuado su régimen legal y que opciones tiene el farmacéutico en el caso de que los medicamentos bucofaríngeos de origen industrial no solucionaran el síntoma menor del paciente. Para ello nos basamos en el test diagnóstico denominado Streptotest y de nuestra experiencia en las prácticas tuteladas donde se desarrolló un cuestionario de siete preguntas cerradas en cinco oficinas de farmacias diferentes de la Comunidad de Madrid. En vista de los resultados obtenidos, pudimos dar respuesta a los objetivos de trabajo, quedando expuestos a continuación

Psychoeducational preventive treatment for women at risk of postpartum depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, PROGEA

Background: Postpartum depression is a disease with a prevalence of 20% that has deleterious consequences not only for the mother but also for the baby and can cause delays in physical, social and cognitive development. In this context, the European Union Committee on Public Health has declared it essential that preventative measures are taken by centres providing care for women with a multidisciplinary approach. PROGEA is a multicentre, single-blind randomized, 3-year, longitudinal clinical trial aiming to evaluate the efficacy of a psychoeducational programme in preventing postpartum depression in at-risk women, based on a range of clinical variables, and explore prognostic factors. This paper describes the methods and rationale behind the study. Methods: We will study women receiving treatment as usual plus a psychoeducation cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention and a control group receiving only treatment as usual. The sample will be recruited from an incidental sampling of pregnant women in two health regions. We will recruit 600 women in the third trimester of pregnancy who consent to take part in the study. Almost half of the women, about 280, would be expected to have some risk factors for postpartum depression. All those found to have risk factors will be evaluated, and we estimate that a quarter will be classified as at-risk of developing postpartum depression as measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. This subset will be randomly allocated to receive treatment as usual with or without the CBT intervention. Six sessions of CBT (1 individual and 5 group) will be offered by a psychologist. Discussion: Findings from this study will be used to design a definitive study that will examine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the CBT-based intervention in improving the mood of women in the postpartum period.This work was supported by local grants from the Department of Education, Linguistic Policy and Culture of the Basque Country Government (2011111110)