263 research outputs found

    Internal and external exchange rate equilibrium in a cointegration framework : an application to the Spanish peseta

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    En este trabajo se utiliza un simple metodo para calcular el tipo de cambio de equilibrio multilateral de la peseta a traves de tecnicas de cointegracion. El tipo de cambio de equilibrio se considera determinado por el 'stock' de activos exteriores y la evolucion de los precios sectoriales. Tras contrastar la hipotesis de cointegracion, se procede a descomponer las series en un componente permanente y otro transitorio, utilizando el metodo ideado por Gonzalo y Granger. El componente permanente del tipo de cambio real se corresponde con su valor de equilibrio, que es variablelas desviaciones del tipo de cambio con respecto a su nivel de equilibrio dan una idea del grado de desalineamiento del tipo de cambio. Al final de la muestra, ultimo trimestre de 1998, se estima que la peseta esta moderadamente minusvalorada con respecto a su nivel de equilibrio. (ea) (ad

    Tango with the gringo : the hard peg and real misalignment in Argentina

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    Between 1990 and 2001 the Argentine peso appreciated by 80 percent in real terms, and its overvaluation has been singled out as one of the main suspects in the debate on the causes of the Argentina collapse of late 2001. This paper assesses the degree of real misalignment in Argentina over the Convertibility period using a model in which the equilibrium real exchange rate is defined as the value consistent with (i) a balance of payments position where any current account imbalance is financed by a sustainable flow of international capital (external equilibrium), and (ii) traded / nontraded sector productivity differentials (internal equilibrium). Empirical implementation of the model suggests that the initial real appreciation of the peso, between 1990 and 1993, was consistent with the productivity increases that Argentina enjoyed following the stabilization of the economy after the hyperinflation of the late 1980s. But after 1996 a widening gap opened between the observed real exchange rate and that consistent with a sustainable net foreign asset position. Our estimates indicate that in 2001 the peso was overvalued by over 50 percent. The model allows us to assess how much of the overvaluation resulted from Argentina¿s inadequate choice of anchor currency and how much from a divergence of fundamentals between the US and Argentina, ultimately due to the maintenance of policies inconsistent with the peg. We find that both factors played a role in the overvaluation accumulated between 1977 and 2001 that preceded the collapse of the Convertibility regim

    Gestión para el cambio de la cultura docente a partir del proceso de la planeación didáctica

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    El presente trabajo es una propuesta de gestión que busca favorecer el cambio de cultura en la función docente, específicamente en relación a la planeación didáctica. El proyecto se orientó a fortalecer el desempeño docente a través de un proceso personal y colaborativo de trabajo colegiado entre los miembros del equipo docente de la institución donde se elaboró. La metodología empleada fue la de intervención educativa, la cual nos permitió reconocer al sujeto en relación con el contexto y la dinámica de la interacción social, de tal modo que desde la perspectiva de la gestión, responda a las necesidades específicas del centro educativo

    Levantamiento Topográfico para el diseño geométrico de 1Km de carretera, desde el costado norte de la Hacienda las Camelias hacia la Hacienda del Pozo.

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    El proyecto en estudio se encuentra localizado en el Municipio de Ciudad Sandino, a una distancia de 12.5 kilómetros de la Cabecera Municipal de Managua, en la comarca Cuajachillo Numero 02.Según el Ministerio de Transporte las Clasificaciones de Vías en Nicaragua se basan el Tipo de Construcción, Tipo Administrativa y por su función, en este proyecto se clasifica tipo Camino Vecinal (CV), Para la propuesta de este diseño se contemplan la velocidad de diseño de 70km/hr, para un tramo con una sección típica que contiene una carpeta de rodamiento de 7.20 metros de ancho, un derecho de vía de 30.00 metros. A la vez se propone un vehículo de diseño tipo WB-19, por la topografía del terreno se propone un peralte del 8% para terreno rural plano, lo cual se define un radio de giro de 175.00 metros, del peralte y radios de giro en cada punto de intersección en el alineamiento horizontal, a la vez se definen los valores de “K” para las curvas verticales en cresta para una velocidad de 70km/hr para el cumplimiento de criterio de distancia de detención y el criterio de distancia de adelantamiento, así como el valor de “K” para una velocidad de 70km/hr para la distancia de detención en curva cóncava. La información topográfica se obtuvo a través de levantamiento topográfico con estación total Leica TS06 plus procesados en software Civil 3D Versión 2016. A este reporte se anexa el cálculo del presupuesto para la construcción del tramo propuesto, los cuales darán una proyección de costo del proyecto el cual ascienda a los C$ 10213,725.23. (Diez millones doscientos trece mil setecientos veinticinco Córdobas con 23/100)

    Pure and doped boron nitride nanotubes

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    "More than ten years ago, it was suggested theoretically that boron nitride (BN) nanotubes could be produced. Soon after, various reports on their synthesis appeared and a new area of nanotube science was born. This review aims to cover the latest advances related to the synthesis of BN nanotubes. We show that these tubes can now be produced in larger amounts and, in particular, that the chemistry of BN tubes appears to be very important to the production of reinforced composites with insulating characteristics. From the theoretical standpoint, we also show that (BN)-C heteronanotubes could have important implications for nanoelectronics. We believe that BN nanotubes (pure and doped) could be used in the fabrication of novel devices in which pure carbon nanotubes do not perform very efficiently.

    OncoOmics approaches to reveal essential genes in breast cancer: a panoramic view from pathogenesis to precision medicine

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    [Abstract] Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women and the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although in recent years large-scale efforts have focused on identifying new therapeutic targets, a better understanding of BC molecular processes is required. Here we focused on elucidating the molecular hallmarks of BC heterogeneity and the oncogenic mutations involved in precision medicine that remains poorly defined. To fill this gap, we established an OncoOmics strategy that consists of analyzing genomic alterations, signaling pathways, protein-protein interactome network, protein expression, dependency maps in cell lines and patient-derived xenografts in 230 previously prioritized genes to reveal essential genes in breast cancer. As results, the OncoOmics BC essential genes were rationally filtered to 140. mRNA up-regulation was the most prevalent genomic alteration. The most altered signaling pathways were associated with basal-like and Her2-enriched molecular subtypes. RAC1, AKT1, CCND1, PIK3CA, ERBB2, CDH1, MAPK14, TP53, MAPK1, SRC, RAC3, BCL2, CTNNB1, EGFR, CDK2, GRB2, MED1 and GATA3 were essential genes in at least three OncoOmics approaches. Drugs with the highest amount of clinical trials in phases 3 and 4 were paclitaxel, docetaxel, trastuzumab, tamoxifen and doxorubicin. Lastly, we collected ~3,500 somatic and germline oncogenic variants associated with 50 essential genes, which in turn had therapeutic connectivity with 73 drugs. In conclusion, the OncoOmics strategy reveals essential genes capable of accelerating the development of targeted therapies for precision oncology.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI17/0182

    Linfoma no Hodgkin paranasal de células tipo B: Presentación de un caso / Paranasal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of type-B cells: a case report

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    Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 45 años de edad,  raza blanca, con antecedentes de salud, valorado en la consulta externa delPoliclínico Universitario "Fermín Valdés Domínguez" del municipio Viñales en Pinar del Río, en enero de 2007, que se presenta con una lesión tumoral a nivel de partes blandas de la mejilla derecha de un año de evolución, acompañado de obstrucción nasal, rinolalia, diplopia y buen estado general. Examen físico: aumento de volumen de la hemicara derecha de consistencia sólida, múltiples adenopatías cervicales derechas y estrabismo divergente del ojo derecho con reducción de la hendidura palpebral, la tomografía axial computarizada, reveló una opacidad tumoral del seno maxilar derecho que destruye paredes anterior, superior y posterior, la biopsia informó un diagnóstico de linfoma no hodgkin agresivo, difuso de células grandes tipo B y le fue indicado tratamiento quimioterápico y radioterápico. Dada la evolución clínica favorable del paciente, se reevaluó radiológicamente al año, persistiendo engrosamiento óseo del techo del seno maxilar. Se presentan las experiencias derivadas de la atención del caso y revisan la literatura médica con especial referencia al diagnóstico y tratamiento.Palabras clave: DIPLOPÍA, EXOTROPÍA/ etiología, LINFOMA NO HODGKIN/ quimioterapia/ radioterapia, NEOPLASIAS DE LOS TEJIDOS BLANDOS/cirugía/complicaciones/diagnóstico, OBSTRUCCIÓN NASAL.ABSTRACTA 45 years-old, Caucasian patient with a past health was examined at "Fermin Valdes Dominguez" outpatient clinic in Viñales, Pinar del Rio (January 2007) presenting a tumoral lesion in the soft tissues of the right cheek with a year of natural history which was present with nasal obstruction, rinolalia, diplopia and good general status; finding at physical examination an enhancement of volume in the right hemi-face of solid consistency, multiple right cervical adenopathies and divergent strabismus of the right eye with a reduction of the palpebral cleft. Axial Computerized Tomography revealed a tumoral opacity of the right maxillary sinus destroying the superior, anterior and posterior walls. The results of the biopsy showed the diagnosis of a diffuse aggressive no-Hodgkin lymphoma of type-B cells; indicating chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient's clinical progress was favorable having a radiological re-evaluation at a year of treatment, the osseous thickness of the roof in the maxillary sinus persisted. The authors presented the experiences derived from the case and the review of the medical literature making specific reference to the diagnosis and treatment.Key words: DIPLOPIA, EXOTROPIA, NON-HODGKIN LINFOMA/drug therapy/radiotherapy, SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS /surgery/complications/diagnosis, NASAL OBSTRUCTION

    Linfoma no Hodgkin paranasal de células tipo B: Presentación de un caso / Paranasal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of type-B cells: a case report

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    Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 45 años de edad,  raza blanca, con antecedentes de salud, valorado en la consulta externa delPoliclínico Universitario "Fermín Valdés Domínguez" del municipio Viñales en Pinar del Río, en enero de 2007, que se presenta con una lesión tumoral a nivel de partes blandas de la mejilla derecha de un año de evolución, acompañado de obstrucción nasal, rinolalia, diplopia y buen estado general. Examen físico: aumento de volumen de la hemicara derecha de consistencia sólida, múltiples adenopatías cervicales derechas y estrabismo divergente del ojo derecho con reducción de la hendidura palpebral, la tomografía axial computarizada, reveló una opacidad tumoral del seno maxilar derecho que destruye paredes anterior, superior y posterior, la biopsia informó un diagnóstico de linfoma no hodgkin agresivo, difuso de células grandes tipo B y le fue indicado tratamiento quimioterápico y radioterápico. Dada la evolución clínica favorable del paciente, se reevaluó radiológicamente al año, persistiendo engrosamiento óseo del techo del seno maxilar. Se presentan las experiencias derivadas de la atención del caso y revisan la literatura médica con especial referencia al diagnóstico y tratamiento.Palabras clave: DIPLOPÍA, EXOTROPÍA/ etiología, LINFOMA NO HODGKIN/ quimioterapia/ radioterapia, NEOPLASIAS DE LOS TEJIDOS BLANDOS/cirugía/complicaciones/diagnóstico, OBSTRUCCIÓN NASAL.ABSTRACTA 45 years-old, Caucasian patient with a past health was examined at "Fermin Valdes Dominguez" outpatient clinic in Viñales, Pinar del Rio (January 2007) presenting a tumoral lesion in the soft tissues of the right cheek with a year of natural history which was present with nasal obstruction, rinolalia, diplopia and good general status; finding at physical examination an enhancement of volume in the right hemi-face of solid consistency, multiple right cervical adenopathies and divergent strabismus of the right eye with a reduction of the palpebral cleft. Axial Computerized Tomography revealed a tumoral opacity of the right maxillary sinus destroying the superior, anterior and posterior walls. The results of the biopsy showed the diagnosis of a diffuse aggressive no-Hodgkin lymphoma of type-B cells; indicating chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient's clinical progress was favorable having a radiological re-evaluation at a year of treatment, the osseous thickness of the roof in the maxillary sinus persisted. The authors presented the experiences derived from the case and the review of the medical literature making specific reference to the diagnosis and treatment.Key words: DIPLOPIA, EXOTROPIA, NON-HODGKIN LINFOMA/drug therapy/radiotherapy, SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS /surgery/complications/diagnosis, NASAL OBSTRUCTION

    Isolation and characterization of mercury resistant trichoderma strains from soil with high levels of mercury and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana mercury uptake

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    "Traditional mining activities are usually correlated with high levels of soil pollution, which is a major environmental concern. Extensive mining activities have taken place in the San Joaquin region in the State of Querétaro, México resulting in high levels of mercury soil pollution (up to 1532 ± 300 mg/kg). We isolated mercury-resistant fungal strains from the San Joaquin region soils and identified them through morphologic characteristics and ITS rDNA region sequence analysis. We determined that fungi isolated belong to the genus Trichoderma. All the isolates selected showed the ability to catalyze the volatilization of Hg. For air sampling, an active sampling device was constructed and using acid KMnO4 as an absorbent, the concentration of mercury in solution was determined through the cold vapor atomic absorption method. The results show mercury volatilization from the fungal species assay, with a maximum of 213.04 ± 32.6 µg/m3 while mycelium accumulation ranged from less than 17.5 ± 2.9 to 20.0 ± 3.4 µg/g. The fungal isolates were also evaluated for their ability to reduce mercury uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. These observations suggest the utility of Trichoderma for the mobilization of mercury in those contaminated soils.
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