UTJECAJ VJERODOSTOJNOSTI PREPORUKA INFLUENCERA NA DRUŠTVENIM MREŽAMA NA PONAŠANJE POTROŠAČA PREMA MARKAMA

Companies are becoming increasingly aware of the importance and opportunities provided by social media in order to communicate faster and more efficiently with their consumers. In order to convey the message about the value of their brands to their target market, organizations hire influential people who are considered to be the creators of public opinion in a virtual environment. Nowadays, social media are crowded with micro and macro influencers, or at least those who present themselves as such. Their main job is to represent and recommend brands to other users (their followers) and thus influence consumer attitudes about brands and possibly strengthen their purchasing decisions. Very often, influencers on social media are hired by companies to promote their brands for a fee. In order to have more control over their communication activities, companies provide them, in advance, with the content they want to be conveyed to consumers, but also the time frame when the message should be launched. In this way, organizations try to reduce the risk of turning electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) communication into a negative one. In order for consumers to trust the recommendations of influencers on social media, these people need to have significant expertise in a certain area, charisma and respect from other users, so that their credibility affects the value of content and recommendations they place in the online environment. The aim of this paper is to present the attitudes of respondents who use social media websites about the impact of the credibility of influencers\u27 recommendations on social media, and their opinion on whether and in what way their credibility influences consumer attitudes towards brands.Sažetak Tvrtke sve više postaju svjesne važnosti i mogućnosti koje pružaju društvene mreže kako bi brže i učinkovitije komunicirale sa svojim potrošačima. Također, vrlo često, kako bi na svoje ciljno tržište prenijele poruku o vrijednosti svojih marki, organizacije angažiraju utjecajne ljude koji se smatraju tvorcima javnog mnijenja u virtualnom okruženju. Danas su društveni mediji pretrpani mikro i makro influencerima ili barem onima koji se predstavljaju kao takvi. Njihov je glavni posao predstavljati i preporučivati marke drugim korisnicima (njihovim sljedbenicima) i na taj način utjecati na stavove potrošača o robnim markama i možda ojačati njihove odluke o kupnji. Vrlo često tvrtke angažiraju influencere na društvenim mrežama kako bi uz naknadu promovirali svoje marke. Kako bi imale veću kontrolu nad svojim komunikacijskim aktivnostima, tvrtke im unaprijed dostavljaju sadržaj koji žele prenijeti potrošačima, ali i vremenski okvir kada bi poruka trebala biti pokrenuta. Na taj način organizacije pokušavaju smanjiti rizik pretvaranja elektroničke komunikacije usmenom predajom (EWOM) u negativnu. Da bi potrošači mogli vjerovati preporukama influencera na društvenim mrežama, ti ljudi moraju imati značajnu stručnost u određenom području, karizmu i poštovanje drugih korisnika, tako da njihova vjerodostojnost utječe na vrijednost sadržaja i preporuka koje daju u internetskom okruženju. Cilj ovog rada je predstaviti stavove ispitanika koji koriste web stranice društvenih mreža o utjecaju vjerodostojnosti preporuka influencera na društvenim mrežama te njihovo mišljenje o tome utječe li i na koji način njihova vjerodostojnost na stavove potrošača prema robnim markama

The Effects of Environmental Orientation on Firm Performance and a Mediating Role of Employee-Based Brand Equity: A Comparative study

The studies striving to investigate the interrelationships between environmental orientation-company’s performance, and its mediator constructs remain fragmented. This study provides insights to illuminate the process through which environmental orientation transfers into business results. It proposes hypotheses based on Social Identity Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action and empirically test it in a comparative, cross-cultural study. The findings observe that employee-specific idiosyncrasies influence business performance through employee-based brand equity. Thus, the study suggests an increased role for management-induced practices to effectively transform brand values into a higher level of employee engagement and better business results

Aplikacja psychologii pozytywnej w edukacji na przykładzie doświadczenia Geelong Grammar School (Australia)

The article examines the implementation of positive psychology in education on the example of Geelong Grammar School (GGS) in Australia. The project deserves special attention as GGS is the first educational institutions in the world to integrate the key tenets of positive psychology into its curriculum. The school is using implicit and explicit teaching of positive psychology skills and principles across all year levels, that is from ELC to year 12, and across all aspects of school life: academic subjects, pastoral life, sport and the co-curriculum programme. The article consists of two parts. The first is a theoretical introduction to selected issues related to positive psychology and education, while the second part provides a case study of how this works in practice at GGS.Artykuł przedstawia sposób zastosowania psychologii pozytywnej w systemie edukacji na przykładzie szkoły Geelong Grammar School (GGS) w Australii. To doświadczenie zasługuje na uwagę, ponieważ jest to jedyna placówka na świecie, która zdecydowała się na wykorzystanie psychologii pozytywnej jako strategii rozwojowej w całym procesie edukacyjnym – począwszy od klasy zerowej, na klasie maturalnej skończywszy. Szkoła GGS realizuje nie tylko tzw. klasyczne cele dydaktyczne i wychowawcze, pomagając uczniom wzrastać w wiedzy i zdolności adaptacji do środowiska, ale również od kilku lat podejmuje cele związane z rozwojem ludzkiego dobrostanu. Dotyczy to nie tylko podmiotu wychowania – ucznia, ale również wszystkich osób zaangażowanych w proces wzrostu, czyli rodziców i nauczycieli. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza, teoretyczna, jest wprowadzeniem do wybranych zagadnień związanych z psychologią i edukacją pozytywną; część druga natomiast jest praktycznym przedstawieniem doświadczenia asymilacji teorii i praktyki w konkretnym środowisku szkolnym w Geelong (Australia)

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus : the complementary role of computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiogram

Purpose: Caseous calcification is a relatively uncommon variant of calcification of the mitral annulus. The purpose of the study was to assess characteristic radiological features of caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) using computed tomography (CT) and compare the usefulness of CT and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in a diagnosis of CCMA. Material and methods: Seventeen patients with CCMA, who underwent TTE and CT, were analysed. The following features of CCMA were evaluated: location, size, attenuation, enhancement after contrast administration, and margins. Results: In all cases TTE visualised an echo-dense structure with an irregular appearance involving the mitral valve annulus. In five cases the acoustic shadowing artefact was visible, and in four cases the mass contained central areas of echolucency. Eleven patients had valve disease. On CT CCMA appeared as a round mass in one case, in 10 cases as an oval mass, and in six patients it had a semilunar shape. In all cases on unenhanced CT, CCMA appeared as a hyperdense mass. On enhanced CT, CCMA in 10 cases (58.8%) had a hypodense centre, and in 7seven (41.2%) it had a hyperdense centre without enhancement after contrast administration. A hyperdense rim was observed in all cases except one patient. Conclusions: In cases of the atypical appearance of CCMA on TTE, CT can lead to a definitive diagnosis. The combination of unenhanced CT and after IV contrast administration scans allows for recognition and distinction of CCMA from other pathologies, while TTE allows for assessment of additional valve dysfunction

The Wellbeing of Priests in the Time of COVID‑19 Illness Pandemics

Svećenici su se također za vrijeme pandemije bolesti COVID‑19 suočili s novim načinom življenja vlastitog poslanja i poziva, tim više što je svećeničko poslanje usmjereno najčešće na živi kontakt s ljudima. Uzeli smo u obzir odnos svećenika prema drugima, prema sebi i prema Bogu. U istraživanju, koje je provedeno od kraja studenoga do polovice prosinca 2020. godine, sudjelovalo je 312 svećenika, redovnika i dijecezanskih svećenika, koji žive i rade u Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, Srbiji te jedan manji dio u ostalim državama. Za potrebe istraživanja korišteni su upitnici, prevedeni prema novim standardima prevođenja, kojima se ispitivalo psihološko blagostanje svećenika, suosjećanje i samo‑suosjećanje te je prigodni upitnik pripremljen za potrebe ovog istraživanja koji je u fokusu imao pastoralni život svećenika za vrijeme pandemije bolesti COVID‑19. Veći broj svećenika, to jest 77 %, izjavio je kako su u doba pandemije odvojili više vremena za molitvu nego uobičajeno, što je ujedno i povezano s većim osobnim rastom i pozitivnim odnosima s drugima. Materijalne poteškoće imali su svećenici koji žive i djeluju u župama manjim od 3000 stanovnika. Ističe se kako nema značajnijih razlika u psihološkoj dobrobiti (psychological well‑being) između dijecezanskih svećenika i redovnika kao ni između svećenika koji žive sami ili u zajednici s drugim svećenicima. Primijetili smo značajne razlike u brizi o sebi kod svećenika koji su na službi duže od dvadeset godina života, gdje upravo oni pokazuju višu razinu brige o sebi. Na koncu, značajnim se pokazalo da oni svećenici koji su više suosjećajni prema samima sebi, imaju i višu razinu psihološke dobrobiti.The priest also had to deal with a new way of living their own vocation and mission during the time of COVID‑19 illness pandemics, especially since their mission is most often realized through personal contact with people. The author takes into account the relation of priests towards others, towards themselves, and towards God. In the study that has been carried out from the end of November until the first half of December of 2020, 312 priests, religious order and diocesan priests, who live and work in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and a small number of those in other countries, took part. For the purposes of the study, questionnaires were used that were translated according to the new standards of translation and that measured the psychological wellbeing of priests, compassion, and compassion towards oneself. On the basis of that, an appropriate questionnaire was prepared for the purposes of this study that focused on the pastoral life of priests during the COVID‑19 illness pandemics. The majority of priests, more precisely 77%, stated that they used more time than usual for prayer, which is also related to a more significant personal growth and positive relationships with others. The priests who live in parishes that have less than 3000 inhabitants, however, faced financial difficulties. The study also marked that there were no significant differences in psychological wellbeing between diocesan priests and priests in religious orders, as well as between those priests who live alone and those who live in a community with other priests. The study did mark significant differences in the care for oneself among those priests who have been active in the office for more than twenty years and who show more awareness for the importance of caring for oneself. Finally, it has been shown that those priests who are more compassionate towards themselves, also exhibit a higher level of psychological wellbeing

The Perfect Number Theorem and Wilson's Theorem

This article formalizes proofs of some elementary theorems of number theory (see [1, 26]): Wilson's theorem (that n is prime iff n > 1 and (n - 1)! ≅ -1 (mod n)), that all primes (1 mod 4) equal the sum of two squares, and two basic theorems of Euclid and Euler about perfect numbers. The article also formally defines Euler's sum of divisors function Φ, proves that Φ is multiplicative and that Σ k|n Φ(k) = n.Casella Postale 49, 54038 Montignoso, ItalyM. Aigner and G. M. Ziegler. Proofs from THE BOOK. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2004.Grzegorz Bancerek. Cardinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):377-382, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41-46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. König's theorem. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):589-593, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The ordinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):91-96, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek and Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Segments of natural numbers and finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):107-114, 1990.Józef Białas. Infimum and supremum of the set of real numbers. Measure theory. Formalized Mathematics, 2(1):163-171, 1991.Czesław Byliński. Basic functions and operations on functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):245-254, 1990.Czesław Byliński. The complex numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):507-513, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Finite sequences and tuples of elements of a non-empty sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):529-536, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):55-65, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions from a set to a set. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):153-164, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Partial functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):357-367, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Some basic properties of sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):47-53, 1990.Czesław Byliński. The sum and product of finite sequences of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(4):661-668, 1990.Agata Darmochwał. Finite sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):165-167, 1990.Yoshinori Fujisawa and Yasushi Fuwa. The Euler's function. Formalized Mathematics, 6(4):549-551, 1997.Yoshinori Fujisawa, Yasushi Fuwa, and Hidetaka Shimizu. Public-key cryptography and Pepin's test for the primality of Fermat numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 7(2):317-321, 1998.Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Basic properties of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):35-40, 1990.Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Recursive definitions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):321-328, 1990.Magdalena Jastrzebska and Adam Grabowski. On the properties of the Möbius function. Formalized Mathematics, 14(1):29-36, 2006, doi:10.2478/v10037-006-0005-0.Artur Korniłowicz and Piotr Rudnicki. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Formalized Mathematics, 12(2):179-186, 2004.Jarosław Kotowicz and Yuji Sakai. Properties of partial functions from a domain to the set of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 3(2):279-288, 1992.Rafał Kwiatek. Factorial and Newton coefficients. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):887-890, 1990.Rafał Kwiatek and Grzegorz Zwara. The divisibility of integers and integer relative primes. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):829-832, 1990.W. J. LeVeque. Fundamentals of Number Theory. Dover Publication, New York, 1996.Takaya Nishiyama and Yasuho Mizuhara. Binary arithmetics. Formalized Mathematics, 4(1):83-86, 1993.Beata Padlewska. Families of sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):147-152, 1990.Piotr Rudnicki. Little Bezout theorem (factor theorem). Formalized Mathematics, 12(1):49-58, 2004.Piotr Rudnicki and Andrzej Trybulec. Abian's fixed point theorem. Formalized Mathematics, 6(3):335-338, 1997.Piotr Rudnicki and Andrzej Trybulec. Multivariate polynomials with arbitrary number of variables. Formalized Mathematics, 9(1):95-110, 2001.Andrzej Trybulec. Binary operations applied to functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):329-334, 1990.Andrzej Trybulec. Tuples, projections and Cartesian products. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):97-105, 1990.Andrzej Trybulec. On the sets inhabited by numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 11(4):341-347, 2003.Andrzej Trybulec and Czesław Byliński. Some properties of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):445-449, 1990.Michał J. Trybulec. Integers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):501-505, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Non-contiguous substrings and one-to-one finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):569-573, 1990.Zinaida Trybulec. Properties of subsets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):67-71, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):73-83, 1990.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations defined on sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):181-186, 1990.Hiroshi Yamazaki, Yasunari Shidama, and Yatsuka Nakamura. Bessel's inequality. Formalized Mathematics, 11(2):169-173, 2003

Nowe media w bibliotece : materiały z polsko-niemieckiej konferencji bibliotekarzy, Zielona Góra 14-16 kwietnia 2004 = Neue Medien in der Bibliothek : Materialien aus der deutsch-polnischen Konferenz der Bibliothekaren und Bibliothekarinnen, Zielona Góra den 14-16. April 2004

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Counting Derangements, Non Bijective Functions and the Birthday Problem

The article provides counting derangements of finite sets and counting non bijective functions. We provide a recursive formula for the number of derangements of a finite set, together with an explicit formula involving the number e. We count the number of non-one-to-one functions between to finite sets and perform a computation to give explicitely a formalization of the birthday problem. The article is an extension of [10].Institut für Informatik I4, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3 85748 Garching, GermanyGrzegorz Bancerek. Cardinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):377-382, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41-46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The ordinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):91-96, 1990.Czesław Byliński. The complex numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):507-513, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):55-65, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions from a set to a set. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):153-164, 1990.Agata Darmochwał. Finite sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):165-167, 1990.Rafał Kwiatek. Factorial and Newton coefficients. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):887-890, 1990.Yatsuka Nakamura and Hisashi Ito. Basic properties and concept of selected subsequence of zero based finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 16(3):283-288, 2008, doi:10.2478/v10037-008-0034-y.Karol Pąk. Cardinal numbers and finite sets. Formalized Mathematics, 13(3):399-406, 2005.Konrad Raczkowski and Andrzej Nędzusiak. Real exponents and logarithms. Formalized Mathematics, 2(2):213-216, 1991.Konrad Raczkowski and Paweł Sadowski. Topological properties of subsets in real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(4):777-780, 1990.Piotr Rudnicki and Andrzej Trybulec. Abian's fixed point theorem. Formalized Mathematics, 6(3):335-338, 1997.Michał J. Trybulec. Integers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):501-505, 1990.Zinaida Trybulec. Properties of subsets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):67-71, 1990.Tetsuya Tsunetou, Grzegorz Bancerek, and Yatsuka Nakamura. Zero-based finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 9(4):825-829, 2001.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):73-83, 1990.Yuguang Yang and Yasunari Shidama. Trigonometric functions and existence of circle ratio. Formalized Mathematics, 7(2):255-263, 1998

Choroby przełyku a migotanie przedsionków - ich rola w powstawaniu przetoki przedsionkowo-przełykowej. Diagnostyka i postępowanie

Migotanie przedsionków (AF) jest często spotykane w praktyce lekarskiej - u młodych osób częściej występuje tak zwane pierwotne napadowe, ogniskowe AF lub wyzwalane częstoskurczem przedsionkowo-komorowym (atrio-ventricular reentrant tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome [AVNRT-WPW], atrio-ventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia [AVNRT] - z rzekomymi włóknami Mahaima), typowym trzepotaniem prawoprzedsionkowym (atrial flutter [AFL]) lub nawrotnym częstoskurczem węzłowym (AVNRT). Można przypuszczać, że u niektórych pacjentów choroby układu pokarmowego mogą być czynnikiem usposabiającym do występowania AF; dotyczy to głównie chorób, w przebiegu których dochodzi do wzrostu wskaźników zapalnych. Zapalenie przełyku zwiększa prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia AF. Dużą rolę w wystąpieniu poablacyjnej przetoki przedsionkowo-przełykowej może odgrywać współistniejąca choroba wrzodowa lub refluks żołądkowo-przełykowy. Pacjent z zapaleniem przełyku lub objawową chorobą wrzodową nie powinien być kwalifikowany do zabiegu ablacji (RF-AF) do czasu wyleczenia choroby podstawowej. Ze względu na złożoność zabiegu (u osób z przetrwałym AF, niejednokrotnie wymagane są dwie lub więcej sesji), trzeba się liczyć z powikłaniami związanymi z ablacją - do częstych należą ograniczone i przemijające zmiany w obrębie przełyku. Bardzo rzadko występującym, ale bardzo groźnym dla życia powikłaniem jest przetoka przedsionkowo-przełykowa. Pierwszymi objawami sugerującymi przetokę przedsionkowo-przełykową są: ból w klatce piersiowej/nadbrzuszu, leukocytoza, gorączka, narastające osłabienie, nudności, (krwiste) wymioty. Kolejne to objawy neurologiczne (drgawki, niedowłady, zaburzenia czucia, utraty przytomności), które zwykle pojawiają się po około 5-40 godzin od wystąpienia pierwszych symptomów. Po ablacji AF w przypadku dolegliwości z przewodu pokarmowego, bezwzględnie przeciwwskazane jest wykonywanie echa przezprzełykowego, gastroskopii i ezofagoskopii! Rozpoznanie umożliwia wykonanie tomografii komputerowej lub rezonansu magnetycznego. W przypadku objawów sugerujących przetokę przedsionkowo-przełykową należy pacjenta niezwłocznie skierować do ośrodka, który wykonał ablację migotania, lub ośrodka, w którym pilnie można utworzyć zespół chirurgów specjalizujących się zarówno w chirurgii klatki piersiowej, jak i układu pokarmowego. Właściwe przygotowanie chorego do zabiegu, rozważna i ograniczona ablacja oraz rozsądne postępowanie po zabiegu, pozwalają na ograniczenie ryzyka śmiertelnego powikłania. Po zabiegu przez kilka tygodni konieczna jest dieta przecierana, przeciwwskazane są ostre przyprawy oraz picie alkoholu. Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej 2010, tom 4, nr 5, 330-33