Photoactivation: The light-driven assembly of the water oxidation complex of Photosystem II

Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II. The assembly of the Mn4O5Ca requires light and involves a sequential process called photoactivation. This process harnesses the charge-separation of the photochemical reaction center and the coordination environment provided by the amino acid side chains of the protein to oxidize and organize the incoming manganese ions to form the oxo-bridged metal cluster capable of H2O-oxidation. Although most aspects of this assembly process remain poorly understood, recent advances in the elucidation of the crystal structure of the fully assembled cyanobacterial PSII complex help in the interpretation of the rich history of experiments designed to understand this process. Moreover, recent insights on the structure and stability of the constituent ions of the Mn4CaO5 cluster may guide future experiments. Here we consider the literature and suggest possible models of assembly including one involving single Mn2+ oxidation site for all Mn but requiring ion relocation.Peer reviewedMicrobiology and Molecular Genetic

The Dupport of the Family which Looks after a Visually Handicapped Child in an Early Age in Southbohemian Region

The work deals with the system of supporting the family which looks after a visually handicapped child in an early age in Southbohemian region. It describes the reactions of a family on the fact that their child is handicapped. It contains a description of the particularities in evolution of a visually handicapped child and of specific procedure in bringing up the child. It characterizes some bring-up attitudes of parents, one chapter is about the role of the father at bringing up of a handicapped child. The work also maps the development and structuring of the early intervention in our region, it mentions theoretical possible actions, it defines and characterizes the early intervention. It's written there how the current model of "Lionization" works, and it also contains information about the legislative basis of the early intervention, about its system of services and about the economic support of the family which looks after a visually handicapped child. In the work there is mapped the development in providing the services by the early intervention in Southbohemian region. The Centre of Early Intervention, České Budějovice, has been providing the services to the families nowadays, and it has won the guarantee of quality in 2005. It's a guarantee and pledge of quality services