Daya Saing dan Faktor yang Memengaruhi Volume Ekspor Sayuran Indonesia terhadap Negara Tujuan Utama

Daya saing ekspor komoditas merupakan salah satu indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemajuan perekonomian negara. Penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing ekspor lima komoditas sayuran Indonesia yaitu kentang, tomat, bawang merah, kubis, dan cabe terhadap lima negara tujuan utama dan dibandingkan dengan negara pesaing dengan melihat keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif beserta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Periode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu dari tahun 2008 sampai 2012 dengan menggunakan Releaved Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan Gravity Model dengan menggunakan pendekatan regresi panel data melalui E-views 6. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komoditas sayuran Indonesia tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan negara pesaingnya, yaitu Belanda dan Cina pada komoditas kentang, tomat, bawang, kubis, dan cabe terhadap dunia. Keunggulan komparatif sayuran Indonesia terhadap negara tujuannya dihasilkan oleh tomat, kubis, dan cabai dengan negara tujuan yang berbeda dari masing-masing komoditas. Disisi lain, Indonesia menduduki keunggulan kompetitif terbaik dibandingkan dengan kedua negara pesaingnya baik terhadap negara tujuan utama maupun terhadap dunia. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi aliran volume ekspor adalah Economic Distance, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Exchange Rate, Population, dan the Price of the Product dengan hasil yang berbeda pada masing-masing komoditas

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries